Psalm 92/Diagrams
V. 1
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| מִזְמ֥וֹר שִׁ֗יר לְי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃ | 1 |
Macula
מִזְמ֥וֹר שִׁ֗יר לְי֣וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 1]
Fragment
noun: מִזְמוֹר a psalm
Fragment
Nominal
noun: שִׁיר a song
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
Nominal
ConstructChain
noun: יוֹם day
Nominal
article: הַ the
noun: שַּׁבָּת Sabbath
DiscourseUnit [v. 1]
Fragment
noun: מִזְמוֹר a psalm
Fragment
Nominal
noun: שִׁיר a song
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
Nominal
ConstructChain
noun: יוֹם day
Nominal
article: הַ the
noun: שַּׁבָּת Sabbath
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-1-None }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
alternative
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment
Nominal
ConstructChain
noun: מִזְמוֹר a psalm
Nominal
noun: שִׁיר a song
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
Nominal
ConstructChain
noun: יוֹם day
Nominal
article: הַ the
noun: שַּׁבָּת Sabbath
Fragment
Nominal
ConstructChain
noun: מִזְמוֹר a psalm
Nominal
noun: שִׁיר a song
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
Nominal
ConstructChain
noun: יוֹם day
Nominal
article: הַ the
noun: שַּׁבָּת Sabbath
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-1-alternative }}
Grammar Notes
Alternative construct chain
v. 1 – The alternative construct chain is represented by the genitive found in the LXX (Ψαλμὸς ᾠδῆς "A psalm of a song"), Symmachus (ᾆσμα ψαλμοῦ "a song of a psalm," from Syro-Hex. ܙܡܝܪܬܐ ܕܡܙܡܘܪܐ), and Jerome, both Gall. and Hebr. (Psalmus cantici "a psalm of a song"), which does not seem to be followed, however, by modern translations.
Targum Psalm's conjunction (שבחא ושירא) has not been represented as an alternative, though it is followed by the DHH ("Salmo y cántico para el sábado").
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 2
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| ט֗וֹב לְהֹד֥וֹת לַיהוָ֑ה וּלְזַמֵּ֖ר לְשִׁמְךָ֣ עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ | 2 | A psalm. A song for the Sabbath day. It is right to praise YHWH |
Macula
ט֗וֹב לְהֹד֥וֹת לַיהוָ֑ה וּלְזַמֵּ֖ר לְשִׁמְךָ֣ עֶלְיֽוֹן׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 2]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Nominal
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Clause
Predicate <gloss="praise YHWH">
verb-infinitive: הֹדוֹת praise
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
noun: יהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
adjective: טוֹב right
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Subject
Nominal
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: זַמֵּר sing praise
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Nominal <gloss="your name">
ConstructChain
noun: שִׁמְ name
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate <status="elided">
verb: is
Complement
adjective: טוֹב right
Fragment
Vocative
noun: עֶלְיוֹן Most High
DiscourseUnit [v. 2]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Nominal
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Clause
Predicate <gloss="praise YHWH">
verb-infinitive: הֹדוֹת praise
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
noun: יהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
adjective: טוֹב right
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Subject
Nominal
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: זַמֵּר sing praise
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Nominal <gloss="your name">
ConstructChain
noun: שִׁמְ name
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate <status="elided">
verb: is
Complement
adjective: טוֹב right
Fragment
Vocative
noun: עֶלְיוֹן Most High
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-2-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for vv. 2-4
vv. 2-4 – Though not reflected in the MT, the LXX distinguishes between the pairs of infinitives in vv. 2-3. In the former, they are the subject of the complement טוֹב, while in the latter, they are read as the purpose of the praise in v. 2. The difficulties arise, therefore, with the meaning of the PPs in v. 4.
LXX (vv. 2-4): Ἀγαθὸν τὸ ἐξομολογεῖσθαι τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ψάλλειν τῷ ὀνόματί σου, ὕψιστε, τοῦ ἀναγγέλλειν τὸ πρωὶ τὸ ἔλεός σου καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειάν σου κατὰ νύκτα ἐν δεκαχόρδῳ ψαλτηρίῳ μετʼ ᾠδῆς ἐν κιθάρᾳ.
"It is good to acknowledge the Lord and to make music to your name, O Most High, in order to declare your mercy in the morning and your truth every night on a ten-stringed harp, with an ode on a lyre" (NETS)
Note that the Syr. provides a full sentence (without elision) for this verse: ܐܢܐ ܐܩܘܫ ܒܟܢܪܐ ܕܥܣܪ ܘܐܩܘܫ ܒܩܝܬܪܐ ("I will play on a harp of ten strings; I will play on a lyre"; Taylor 2020, 383).
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 3
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| לְהַגִּ֣יד בַּבֹּ֣קֶר חַסְֽדֶּ֑ךָ וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ בַּלֵּילֽוֹת׃ | 3 | and [it is right] to sing praise to your name, Most High. [It is right] to declare your loyalty in the morning |
Macula
לְהַגִּ֣יד בַּבֹּ֣קֶר חַסְֽדֶּ֑ךָ וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ בַּלֵּילֽוֹת׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 3]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Nominal
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: הַגִּיד declare
Object
Nominal <gloss="your loyalty">
ConstructChain
noun: חַסְדֶּ loyalty
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: בֹּקֶר morning
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: עָשׂוֹר a ten-stringed instrument
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: נָבֶל a harp
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: הִגָּיוֹן a soft melody
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ on
Object
noun: כִנּוֹר a lyre
Predicate
verb: is <status="elided">
Complement
adjective: טוֹב right <status="elided">
Conjunction
conjunction: וֶ and
Clause
Subject
Nominal
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to <status="elided">
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: הַגִּיד declare <status="elided">
Object
Nominal <gloss="your faithfulness">
ConstructChain
noun: אֱמוּנָתְ faithfulness
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial <gloss="at night">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: לֵּילוֹת night
Predicate
verb: is <status="elided">
Complement
adjective: טוֹב right <status="elided">
DiscourseUnit [v. 3]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Nominal
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: הַגִּיד declare
Object
Nominal <gloss="your loyalty">
ConstructChain
noun: חַסְדֶּ loyalty
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: בֹּקֶר morning
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: עָשׂוֹר a ten-stringed instrument
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: נָבֶל a harp
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: הִגָּיוֹן a soft melody
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ on
Object
noun: כִנּוֹר a lyre
Predicate
verb: is <status="elided">
Complement
adjective: טוֹב right <status="elided">
Conjunction
conjunction: וֶ and
Clause
Subject
Nominal
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to <status="elided">
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: הַגִּיד declare <status="elided">
Object
Nominal <gloss="your faithfulness">
ConstructChain
noun: אֱמוּנָתְ faithfulness
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial <gloss="at night">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: לֵּילוֹת night
Predicate
verb: is <status="elided">
Complement
adjective: טוֹב right <status="elided">
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-3-None }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
Note for V. 3
- While the combination in the morning (בַּבֹּקֶר) and at night (בַּלֵּילוֹת) may simply refer to "all the time," it is notable that the morning is a time for deliverance and hope in the Psalms (Pss 5:4; 30:6; 46:6; 59:17; 90:14), while night is a time of trial and testing of faith (Pss 6:7; 30:6; 91:5).[1] The prepositional phrase indicates a point in time, rather than a frequentative reading, as every night.[2]
Verbal Notes
Note for V. 3
- See the following note from phrase-level: Note the frequentative reading in the LXX's κατὰ νύκτα "every night," rendered in the Gallican Psalter as the time frame per noctem "by night," though in the Iuxta Hebraeos as in nocte "in the night," as our preferred reading. (By extension, the action would be repeated every morning/night, even if the בְּ does not license a frequentative reading overtly, like the Greek κατά).
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 4
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| עֲֽלֵי־עָ֭שׂוֹר וַעֲלֵי־נָ֑בֶל עֲלֵ֖י הִגָּי֣וֹן בְּכִנּֽוֹר׃ | 4 | and [it is right to declare] your faithfulness at night. [It is right to praise YHWH] with a ten-stringed instrument and with a harp, |
Macula
עֲֽלֵי־עָ֭שׂוֹר וַעֲלֵי־נָ֑בֶל עֲלֵ֖י הִגָּי֣וֹן בְּכִנּֽוֹר׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 4]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to <status="elided">
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: הֹדוֹת praise <status="elided">
Adverbial <status="elided">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
noun: יהוָה YHWH
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: עָשׂוֹר a ten-stringed instrument
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: נָבֶל a harp
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: הִגָּיוֹן a soft melody
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ on
Object
noun: כִנּוֹר a lyre
Predicate
verb: is <status="elided">
Complement
adjective: טוֹב right <status="elided">
SubordinateClause <status="alternative">
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי because
Clause
Predicate
verb: שִׂמַּחְתַּ you have made rejoice
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ by
Object
Nominal <gloss="your action">
ConstructChain
noun: פָעֳלֶ action
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
DiscourseUnit [v. 4]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Clause
Predicate
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to <status="elided">
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: הֹדוֹת praise <status="elided">
Adverbial <status="elided">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
noun: יהוָה YHWH
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: עָשׂוֹר a ten-stringed instrument
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: נָבֶל a harp
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי with
Object
noun: הִגָּיוֹן a soft melody
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ on
Object
noun: כִנּוֹר a lyre
Predicate
verb: is <status="elided">
Complement
adjective: טוֹב right <status="elided">
SubordinateClause <status="alternative">
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי because
Clause
Predicate
verb: שִׂמַּחְתַּ you have made rejoice
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ by
Object
Nominal <gloss="your action">
ConstructChain
noun: פָעֳלֶ action
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-4-None }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 5
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| כִּ֤י שִׂמַּחְתַּ֣נִי יְהוָ֣ה בְּפָעֳלֶ֑ךָ בְּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֖י יָדֶ֣יךָ אֲרַנֵּֽן׃ | 5 | with a soft melody on a lyre. For you have made me rejoice, YHWH, by your action; |
Macula
כִּ֤י יְהוָ֣ה שִׂמַּחְתַּ֣נִי בְּפָעֳלֶ֑ךָ בְּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֖י יָדֶ֣יךָ אֲרַנֵּֽן׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 5]
Fragment
particle: כִּי for
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: שִׂמַּחְתַּ you have made rejoice
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ by
Object
Nominal <gloss="your action">
ConstructChain
noun: פָעֳלֶ action
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲרַנֵּן I shout for joy >> rejoice
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
Nominal <gloss="the work of your hands">
ConstructChain
noun: מַעֲשֵׂה work <status="emendation">
noun: מַעֲשֵׂי works <status="alternative">
ConstructChain
noun: יָדֶי hands
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
DiscourseUnit [v. 5]
Fragment
particle: כִּי for
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: שִׂמַּחְתַּ you have made rejoice
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ by
Object
Nominal <gloss="your action">
ConstructChain
noun: פָעֳלֶ action
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲרַנֵּן I shout for joy >> rejoice
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
Nominal <gloss="the work of your hands">
ConstructChain
noun: מַעֲשֵׂה work <status="emendation">
noun: מַעֲשֵׂי works <status="alternative">
ConstructChain
noun: יָדֶי hands
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-5-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 5
v. 5 – There is significant variation between the singular and plural interpretation of both פעלך and מעשׂי/ה.
Beginning with פעלך, since it is a pausal form (Revell 2004), it is most plausible that the plural readings have crept in because of the long vowel. See, e.g., the Syr. ܒܥܒ̈ܕܝܟ "your works," as well as the plene yod פעליך in many medieval Hebrew manuscripts (see VTH, 388), including the Babylonian manuscripts Neubauer 2484; BL Or 1477 and JTS 631. The preferred singular is attested in the LXX's ἐν τῷ ποιήματί σου, Jerome's in opere tuo, and TgPs's בעובדך.
On the מעשה/מעשי interchange, the he (and thus singular) is attested in the Syr. ܒܥܒܕ "work", as well as 1Q10, 4Q84, the majority of the attested Babylonian tradition (Berlin QU 680; JTS 611; JTS 631; Neubauer 2484; and BL Or 1477), and a number of other medieval manuscripts (VTH, 388). It could be posited, however, that the yod found in the Tiberian MT is assimilated to the following yod in יָדֶ֣יךָ, such that the diversely-attested and less-expected reading מַעֲשֵׂה has been preferred.
Note also that
- there is a strong tendency in the tradition to change the singular to plural (see, e.g., 11Q5, which does this systematically throughout the psalter), and
- the plural מַעֲשֶׂ֣יךָ in v. 6 may also have influenced the reading of the plural here.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 6
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| מַה־גָּדְל֣וּ מַעֲשֶׂ֣יךָ יְהוָ֑ה מְ֝אֹ֗ד עָמְק֥וּ מַחְשְׁבֹתֶֽיךָ׃ | 6 | In the work of your hands I rejoice. How great are your works, YHWH! |
Macula
מַה־גָּדְל֣וּ מַעֲשֶׂ֣יךָ יְהוָ֑ה מְ֝אֹ֗ד עָמְק֥וּ מַחְשְׁבֹתֶֽיךָ׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 6]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="your works">
ConstructChain
noun: מַעֲשֶׂי works
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: גָּדְלוּ great
adverb: מַה how
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="your plans">
ConstructChain
noun: מַחְשְׁבֹתֶי plans
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: עָמְקוּ are deep
adverb: מְאֹד so
DiscourseUnit [v. 6]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="your works">
ConstructChain
noun: מַעֲשֶׂי works
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: גָּדְלוּ great
adverb: מַה how
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="your plans">
ConstructChain
noun: מַחְשְׁבֹתֶי plans
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: עָמְקוּ are deep
adverb: מְאֹד so
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-6-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 6
v. 6 – The exclamative מָה ("How...!") could be considered elided in the second clause, as read by the CEB: How magnificent are your works, Lord, how profound your thoughts! (cf. the DHH, EÜ, NIV, ZÜR). A second overt מָה is not attested in any Hebrew manuscripts or ancient versions and has not been represented as an alternative in light of the constituent order of the second clause (which is not verb-initial, which would be expected with an elided constituent such as an exclamative marker governing the entire clause; see Miller 2007).
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 7
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| אִֽישׁ־בַּ֭עַר לֹ֣א יֵדָ֑ע וּ֝כְסִ֗יל לֹא־יָבִ֥ין אֶת־זֹֽאת׃ | 7 | Your plans are so deep. Stupid people do not know [this] |
Macula
אִֽישׁ־בַּ֭עַר לֹ֣א יֵדָ֑ע וּ֝כְסִ֗יל לֹא־יָבִ֥ין אֶת־זֹֽאת׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 7]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="stupid people">
ConstructChain
noun: אִישׁ man
noun: בַּעַר stupid man
adjective: בַּעַר stupid <status="alternative">
Predicate
verb: יֵדָע know
adverb: לֹא not
Object <status="elided">
particle: אֶת
noun: זֹאת this
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Subject
Nominal
adjective: כְסִיל a fool >> fools
Predicate
verb: יָבִין understand
adverb: לֹא not
Object
Nominal
particle: אֶת
noun: זֹאת this
DiscourseUnit [v. 7]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="stupid people">
ConstructChain
noun: אִישׁ man
noun: בַּעַר stupid man
adjective: בַּעַר stupid <status="alternative">
Predicate
verb: יֵדָע know
adverb: לֹא not
Object <status="elided">
particle: אֶת
noun: זֹאת this
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Subject
Nominal
adjective: כְסִיל a fool >> fools
Predicate
verb: יָבִין understand
adverb: לֹא not
Object
Nominal
particle: אֶת
noun: זֹאת this
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-7-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 7
v. 7 – The elision of the object in the first clause has been included in light of the tight parallelism between the two lines. In both cases אֶת־זֹֽאת has been understood as cataphoric, i.e., forward pointing. (Note that the LXX takes the liberty of rendering plural ταῦτα "these things," cf. the Gallican Psalter's haec). For the elision of אֶת־זֹֽאת see Ḥakham's (1979, 181) paraphrase of the verse: איש בער וכסיל לא ידע את זאת ולא יבין את זאת.
The construct dependent בַּ֭עַר has been offered alternatively as an adjective (as the ancient versions). The attestation of this lexeme as a noun is quite well-supported, however, by other texts. See the nominal function of בַּעַר most clearly in Ps. 49.11 (כִּ֤י יִרְאֶ֨ה׀ חֲכָ֘מִ֤ים יָמ֗וּתוּ יַ֤חַד כְּסִ֣יל וָבַ֣עַר יֹאבֵ֑דוּ); quite plausibly in Ps 73.22 (וַאֲנִי־בַ֭עַר) and Prov. 12.1 (אֹהֵ֣ב מ֖וּסָר אֹ֣הֵֽב דָּ֑עַת וְשֹׂנֵ֖א תוֹכַ֣חַת בָּֽעַר). Prov. 30.2 (כִּ֤י בַ֣עַר אָנֹכִ֣י מֵאִ֑ישׁ), however, seems to favor a predicative adjectival reading, while Ps 94:8 draws upon the ptc. בֹּעֲרִ֣ים, rather than, presumably, an available mpl nominal form.
Note that 4Q84 reads איש בער ולא ידע "a man is stupid and/so that he does not know."
GKC (§136a) notes that the primary distinction between proximal and distal ("near" and "far") demonstratives is that the proximal demonstrative “almost always points out a (new) person or thing present, while הוּא (like is, ille, αὐτός, ἐκεῖνος) refers to a person or thing already mentioned or known.” Nevertheless, a clear-cut semantic distinction between proximal and distal demonstratives is elusive, so the boundaries on their respective discourse functions is equally fuzzy in this regard. There is typological evidence, however, for a prototypical anaphoric/cataphoric division between proximal and distal demonstrative, as in "I can’t believe he said that" vs. "I’ll tell you this: it’s going to be tough" (Næss et al. (2020, 7-8)); cf. זֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּעֲשׂ֑וּ (2 Chr 23:4; "This is what you will do…"); וְזֶ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־יִקְרָא־לָ֖הּ יְהוָ֥ה׀ צִדְקֵֽנוּ (Jer 33:16; "This is what it shall be called: the Lord is our righteousness").
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
Note for V. 7
- In the construct chain אִֽישׁ־בַּ֭עַר, although בַּעַר is rendered an an adjective/participle in all the ancient version, it is unambiguously a noun, as shown by its syntactic role in its other instantiations (see Ps 49:11; 73:22; 92:7; Prov 12:1; 30:2).
Verbal Notes
Note for V. 7
- Modern European versions attest to our preferred present reading of לֹא יֵדָע, i.e., do not know (CEB, CSB, KJV, NASB, NET, NIV, RVC, SG21, TOB, etc.), though the ESV ("The stupid man cannot know; the fool cannot understand this"; cf. the GNT, NJPS, the EÜ's "ein Tor kann es nicht verstehen" and the DHH's "¡Sólo los necios no pueden entenderlo!") provide explicit modality of possibility. While a plausible reading of the morphology (yiqtol), such an interpretation does not seem to be the most appropriate for the psalm's message, viz., that the fools are largely grouped with the wicked and will suffer the same destruction after being lured into the same godless lifestyle. It is not that they cannot know, but simply that they do not know (or perhaps do not even want to know).[3]
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
Vv. 8-9
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| בִּפְרֹ֤חַ רְשָׁעִ֨ים׀כְּמ֥וֹ עֵ֗שֶׂב וַ֭יָּצִיצוּ כָּל־פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן לְהִשָּֽׁמְדָ֥ם עֲדֵי־עַֽד׃ | 8 | and fools do not understand this: when wicked people flourish like a green plant and any evildoers prosper, |
| וְאַתָּ֥ה מָר֗וֹם לְעֹלָ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ | 9 | [this is] for them to be destroyed forever, |
Macula
בִּפְרֹ֤חַ רְשָׁעִ֨ים׀כְּמ֥וֹ עֵ֗שֶׂב וַ֭יָּצִיצוּ כָּל־פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן לְהִשָּֽׁמְדָ֥ם עֲדֵי־עַֽד׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 8-9]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
pronoun: זֹאת this <status="elided">
Predicate
Predicate
verb: is <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בִּ when
Object
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: פְרֹחַ flourish
Nominal
adjective: רְשָׁעִים wicked people
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּמוֹ like
Object
noun: עֵשֶׂב a green plant
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
Nominal
quantifier: כָּל all >> any
verb-participle: פֹּעֲלֵי doers
noun: אָוֶן evil
Predicate
verb: יָּצִיצוּ blossom >> prosper
Complement
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: הִשָּׁמְדָ be destroyed
suffix-pronoun: ם them
Adverbial <gloss="forever">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲדֵי until
Object
noun: עַד forever
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ but
Clause
Subject
pronoun: אַתָּה you
Predicate
verb: are
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
noun: עֹלָם ever
Complement
Adverbial <gloss="on high">
noun: מָרוֹם high
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
DiscourseUnit [vv. 8-9]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
pronoun: זֹאת this <status="elided">
Predicate
Predicate
verb: is <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בִּ when
Object
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: פְרֹחַ flourish
Nominal
adjective: רְשָׁעִים wicked people
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּמוֹ like
Object
noun: עֵשֶׂב a green plant
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
Nominal
quantifier: כָּל all >> any
verb-participle: פֹּעֲלֵי doers
noun: אָוֶן evil
Predicate
verb: יָּצִיצוּ blossom >> prosper
Complement
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: הִשָּׁמְדָ be destroyed
suffix-pronoun: ם them
Adverbial <gloss="forever">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲדֵי until
Object
noun: עַד forever
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ but
Clause
Subject
pronoun: אַתָּה you
Predicate
verb: are
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
noun: עֹלָם ever
Complement
Adverbial <gloss="on high">
noun: מָרוֹם high
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=Vv-8-9-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 9
v. 9 – The status of מָר֗וֹם has been interpreted either as a divine epithet (≈ exalted one)[4] or as an adverbial (preferred)[5]. The lexicons recognize both functions of מָר֗וֹם as "high, meaning lofty" (HALOT) and "height> divine title, "Exalted One" (DCH). The ancient versions, likewise, exhibit the same diversity.[6]
In light of the similar constructions found in 2 Kgs 19:22 (= Isa 37:23), Isa 40:26, and other instances with the verb שׁכן, "to dwell," we have favored the adverbial reading of the nominal here.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 10
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| כִּ֤י הִנֵּ֪ה אֹיְבֶ֡יךָ׀יְֽהוָ֗ה כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֣ה אֹיְבֶ֣יךָ יֹאבֵ֑דוּ יִ֝תְפָּרְד֗וּ כָּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃ | 10 | but you are on high forever, YHWH. For look, your enemies, YHWH— for look, your enemies will perish; |
Macula
כִּ֤י הִנֵּ֪ה אֹיְבֶ֡יךָ׀יְֽהוָ֗ה כִּֽי־הִנֵּ֣ה אֹיְבֶ֣יךָ יֹאבֵ֑דוּ יִ֝תְפָּרְד֗וּ כָּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 10]
Fragment
particle: כִּי for
Fragment
particle: הִנֵּה look
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="your enemies">
ConstructChain
noun: אֹיְבֶי enemies
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate <status="elided">
verb: יֹאבֵדוּ will perish
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
particle: כִּי for
Fragment
particle: הִנֵּה look
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="your enemies">
ConstructChain
noun: אֹיְבֶי enemies
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: יֹאבֵדוּ will perish
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
Nominal <gloss="all evildoers">
quantifier: כָּל all
verb-participle: פֹּעֲלֵי doers
noun: אָוֶן evil
Predicate
verb: יִתְפָּרְדוּ will be scattered
DiscourseUnit [v. 10]
Fragment
particle: כִּי for
Fragment
particle: הִנֵּה look
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="your enemies">
ConstructChain
noun: אֹיְבֶי enemies
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate <status="elided">
verb: יֹאבֵדוּ will perish
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
particle: כִּי for
Fragment
particle: הִנֵּה look
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="your enemies">
ConstructChain
noun: אֹיְבֶי enemies
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: יֹאבֵדוּ will perish
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
Nominal <gloss="all evildoers">
quantifier: כָּל all
verb-participle: פֹּעֲלֵי doers
noun: אָוֶן evil
Predicate
verb: יִתְפָּרְדוּ will be scattered
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-10-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 10a
v. 10a – Note that the first line, backwards elided according to the MT, is absent in Vaticanus and Alexandrinus. See further Rahlfs' apparatus (1931, 242).
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 10bc - Alternative
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 10b-c alternative]
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="your enemies">
ConstructChain
noun: אֹיְבֶי enemies
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: יֹאבֵדוּ will perish
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and <status="emendation">
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
Nominal <gloss="all evildoers">
quantifier: כָּל all
verb-participle: פֹּעֲלֵי doers
noun: אָוֶן evil
Predicate
verb: יִתְפָּרְדוּ will be scattered
DiscourseUnit [v. 10b-c alternative]
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="your enemies">
ConstructChain
noun: אֹיְבֶי enemies
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: יֹאבֵדוּ will perish
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and <status="emendation">
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
Nominal <gloss="all evildoers">
quantifier: כָּל all
verb-participle: פֹּעֲלֵי doers
noun: אָוֶן evil
Predicate
verb: יִתְפָּרְדוּ will be scattered
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-10bc-Alternative }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 11
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַתָּ֣רֶם כִּרְאֵ֣ים קַרְנִ֑י בַּ֝לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן רַעֲנָֽן׃ | 11 | all evildoers will be scattered, and you will lift up my horn like a wild ox, |
Macula
וַתָּ֣רֶם כִּרְאֵ֣ים קַרְנִ֑י בַּ֝לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן רַעֲנָֽן׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 11]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תָּרֶם you will lift up
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כִּ like
Object
noun: רְאֵים a wild ox
Object
Nominal <gloss="my horn">
ConstructChain
noun: קַרְנִ horn
suffix-pronoun: י me
DiscourseUnit [v. 11]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תָּרֶם you will lift up
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כִּ like
Object
noun: רְאֵים a wild ox
Object
Nominal <gloss="my horn">
ConstructChain
noun: קַרְנִ horn
suffix-pronoun: י me
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11-None }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
Alternative ("horn" elided)
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: בַּלֹּתִי I anointed
Object <status="elided">
Nominal <gloss="my horn">
ConstructChain
noun: קַרְנ horn
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: בַּלֹּתִי I anointed
Object <status="elided">
Nominal <gloss="my horn">
ConstructChain
noun: קַרְנ horn
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11-Alternative-horn-elided }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 11a - alternative
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="my horn">
ConstructChain
noun: קַרְנִ horn
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate
verb: תָּרֹם is lifted up <status="alternative revocalization">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כִּ like
Object
noun: רְאֵים a wild ox
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="my horn">
ConstructChain
noun: קַרְנִ horn
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate
verb: תָּרֹם is lifted up <status="alternative revocalization">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כִּ like
Object
noun: רְאֵים a wild ox
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11a-alternative }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 11b - Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: בְּלֹת old age<status="revocalization">
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Predicate
verb: will be
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like <status="emendation">
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
Complement
Adjectival
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: בְּלֹת old age<status="revocalization">
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Predicate
verb: will be
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like <status="emendation">
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
Complement
Adjectival
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11b-None }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
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Textual Notes
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V. 11b - alternative (LXX, Jerome)
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb: תָּרֶם you will lift up <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like <status="emendation">
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Object
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: בְּלֹת old age <status="revocalization">
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb: תָּרֶם you will lift up <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like <status="emendation">
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Object
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: בְּלֹת old age <status="revocalization">
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11b-alternative-LXX-Jerome }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
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V. 11b - Alternative (TgPs, Syr)
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb: בַּלֹּתַ you anointed <status="emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me <status="emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb: בַּלֹּתַ you anointed <status="emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me <status="emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11b-Alternative-TgPs-Syr }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
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V. 11b - Alternative (MT)
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: בַּלֹּתִי I am anointed
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: בַּלֹּתִי I am anointed
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11b-Alternative-MT }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
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Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
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Textual Notes
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V. 11b
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַתָּ֣רֶם כִּרְאֵ֣ים קַרְנִ֑י בַּ֝לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן רַעֲנָֽן׃ | 11 | all evildoers will be scattered, and you will lift up my horn like a wild ox, |
Macula
וַתָּ֣רֶם כִּרְאֵ֣ים קַרְנִ֑י בַּ֝לֹּתִ֗י בְּשֶׁ֣מֶן רַעֲנָֽן׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: בְּלֹת old age<status="revocalization">
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Predicate
verb: will be
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like <status="emendation">
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
Complement
Adjectival
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: בְּלֹת old age<status="revocalization">
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Predicate
verb: will be
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like <status="emendation">
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
Complement
Adjectival
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11b-None }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
alternative (LXX, Jerome)
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb: תָּרֶם you will lift up <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like <status="emendation">
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Object
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: בְּלֹת old age <status="revocalization">
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb: תָּרֶם you will lift up <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like <status="emendation">
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Object
Clause
Subject <located="after infinitive construct">
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: בְּלֹת old age <status="revocalization">
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11b-alternative-LXX-Jerome }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
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Add Exegetical Note
Alternative (TgPs, Syr)
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb: בַּלֹּתַ you anointed <status="emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me <status="emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb: בַּלֹּתַ you anointed <status="emendation">
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me <status="emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11b-Alternative-TgPs-Syr }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
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Phrase-Level
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Verbal Notes
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Textual Notes
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Alternative (MT)
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: בַּלֹּתִי I am anointed
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
Fragment <status="alternative">
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: בַּלֹּתִי I am anointed
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
noun: שֶׁמֶן oil
adjective: רַעֲנָן fresh
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-11b-Alternative-MT }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
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Textual Notes
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Add Exegetical Note
V. 12
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וַתַּבֵּ֥ט עֵינִ֗י בְּשׁ֫וּרָ֥י בַּקָּמִ֖ים עָלַ֥י מְרֵעִ֗ים תִּשְׁמַ֥עְנָה אָזְנָֽי׃ | 12 | my old age [will be] fresh like oil, and my eyes will look upon my enemies; |
Macula
וַתַּבֵּ֥ט עֵינִ֗י בְּשׁ֫וּרָ֥י בַּקָּמִ֖ים עָלַ֥י מְרֵעִ֗ים תִּשְׁמַ֥עְנָה אָזְנָֽי׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 12]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="my eyes">
ConstructChain
noun: עֵינִ eye >> eyes
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate
verb: תַּבֵּט will look
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ upon
Object
ConstructChain
noun: שׁוּר enemies
suffix-pronoun: ָי me
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="my ears">
ConstructChain
noun: אָזְנ ears
suffix-pronoun: ָ י me
Subject <status="alternative">
ConstructChain
noun: אָזְנ ear
suffix-pronoun: ִ י me <status="revocalization">
Predicate
verb: תִּשְׁמַעְנָה will hear
verb: שָׁמְעָה heard <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ
Object
Apposition
Nominal
article: ה those <status="elided">
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: קָּמִים rising up
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עָל against
Object
suffix-pronoun: ָי me
Adverbial <status="alternative">
verb-participle: מְרֵעִים acting wickedly
Nominal
verb-participle: מְרֵעִים wicked people
DiscourseUnit [v. 12]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="my eyes">
ConstructChain
noun: עֵינִ eye >> eyes
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate
verb: תַּבֵּט will look
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ upon
Object
ConstructChain
noun: שׁוּר enemies
suffix-pronoun: ָי me
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal <gloss="my ears">
ConstructChain
noun: אָזְנ ears
suffix-pronoun: ָ י me
Subject <status="alternative">
ConstructChain
noun: אָזְנ ear
suffix-pronoun: ִ י me <status="revocalization">
Predicate
verb: תִּשְׁמַעְנָה will hear
verb: שָׁמְעָה heard <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ
Object
Apposition
Nominal
article: ה those <status="elided">
Clause
Predicate
verb-participle: קָּמִים rising up
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עָל against
Object
suffix-pronoun: ָי me
Adverbial <status="alternative">
verb-participle: מְרֵעִים acting wickedly
Nominal
verb-participle: מְרֵעִים wicked people
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-12-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 12b
v. 12b – The alternative adverbial reading of מְרֵעִ֗ים represents Targum Psalms' infinitive לאבאשא. The apposition (restrictive relative) is found in the other ancient versions, and discussed in GKC §132b.
The alternative qatal 3fs verb שמעה is found in 1Q10, presumably read with the singular ear (אָזְנִי), and in parallel with the singular עֵינִ֗י in the A-line.
Lexical Notes
Note for V. 12
- On the singular "eye" for "sight >> (both) eyes" see the lexical notes on Ps 88:10.
- On בְּשׁוּרָי: There are three different analyses of the form and meaning of בְּשׁוּרָי:
- 1. It is derived from the nominal שׁוּר meaning "wall" (cf. Gen. 49.22, 2 Sam. 22.30; Ps 18.30). This is probably reflected by both Symmachus' and Theodotion's τοῖς ἀποτειχνίζουσί με ('to wall off'; LSJ) = "those who wall me in."
- 2. It is an otherwise-unattested by-form of the participle שׁוֹרֵר.[7] This reading is attested in
- • And my eye has looked at my enemies (NASB) ≈ CEB, CEV, CSB, GNT, KJV NIV, NLT, NRSV
- • Mit Freude sieht mein Auge auf meine Feinde herab (Luther 2017 ≈ ELB)
- • Mes yeux voient mes adversaires (NFC ≈ PDV)
- • Mis ojos mirarán sobre mis enemigos (RVA ≈ DHH).
- This view is attractive because of the very similar expression found in Ps 59:11: אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים יַרְאֵ֥נִי בְשֹׁרְרָֽי.
- It is found in a number of the ancient versions, perhaps all dependent on the LXX, however (LXX: τοῖς ἐχθροῖς μου > Gall. inimicis meis, CPA ܒܥܝܠ ܕܒܒܝ; Syr. ܒ̈ܥܠܕܒܒܝ ("my enemies").
- A couple of cognates are also widely recognized. See Akkadian šāru, a substantive adjective hostile > n. enemy[8] and šwr from the Old Canaanite qal širti (1cs) 'to be maligned.'[9]
- 3. It is an instance of the root שׁוּר , most prototypically as "look, see," but also "watch stealthily, lie in wait" (BDB, 1003) and "watch with evil intent, lurk" (DCH, vol. 8, 311). See, e.g.,
- • Mon œil voit ceux qui m’espionnent (SG21 ≈ TOB)
- • I gloat in triumph over those who tried to ambush me (NET)
- • mein Auge blickt herab auf meine Verfolger (EÜ)
- • Mit Lust blickt mein Auge auf die, die mich belauern (ZÜR)
- • those who lie in wait for me (AMPC)
- • those waiting to attack me (ERV)
- • those who spy on me (GW):::• those who lie in wait for me (ISV)
- • those who spy on me (NOG).
- Such an interpretation is reflected in the Hebr. eos qui insidiantur mihi ("those who lie in wait / ambush me") and TgPss בהובדנא דמעיקי ("the destruction of my oppressors").[10]
- Despite a number of clear instance of the prototypical "look" in Job (see 7:8; 17:15; 20:9; 24:15; 33:14; 34:29; 35:5, 13, 14), Ringren comments "The LXX does not translate šûr I consistently. In more than one instance it uses prosnoeín and horán; other translations include periblépein, katamanthánein, horatḗs, and makarízein (Nu. 24:17!). In the uncertain passages the LXX either read a different text or misunderstood the text."[11] The hesitation by the LXX––and those translations dependent on it (see above)––is therefore not surprising.
- For other instances of this (albeit rare) nuance of the root, see Jeremiah 5:26 כִּי־נִמְצְא֥וּ בְעַמִּ֖י רְשָׁעִ֑ים יָשׁוּר֙ כְּשַׁ֣ךְ יְקוּשִׁ֔ים ("For wicked men are found among my people; they lurk like fowlers lying in wait," ESV), probably as a 3ms impersonal, and Hosea 13:7 וָאֱהִ֥י לָהֶ֖ם כְּמוֹ־שָׁ֑חַל כְּנָמֵ֖ר עַל־דֶּ֥רֶךְ אָשֽׁוּר׃ ("So I am to them like a lion; like a leopard I will lurk beside the way," ESV). Such has also been suggested for the difficult אַ֭שֻּׁרֵינוּ (MT) in Ps 17:11, if emended to יְשֻׁרוּנִי (DCH), though see our grammar notes on this verse.
- This use fits well with the parallel of those rising up against me in the following line (presumably, from the ambush in which they are lurking).
Phrase-Level
Note for V. 12
- Although the construction נבט plus ב (and also ראה) often communicates "looking upon someone in victory," as here in וַתַּבֵּט עֵינִי בְּשׁוּרָי, the same sense with שׁמע בְּ is rare. Here, BDB suggest a unique instance of "hear exultantly of their fate," though probably imitating the previous clause.[12] As noted by Goldingay, "The implication of 'hear' follows from that [the previous clause]; the foes can be heard crying out in panic instead of in a battle shout",[13] and Tanner & Jacobson: "Evil may rise up, but eventually one will hear something different."[14]
Verbal Notes
Note for V. 12
- As in v. 11 above, we understand the initial wayyiqtol וַתַּבֵּט to carry on the future event time of v. 11: "will look."[15]
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 13
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| צַ֭דִּיק כַּתָּמָ֣ר יִפְרָ֑ח כְּאֶ֖רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֣וֹן יִשְׂגֶּֽה׃ | 13 | my ears will hear those who rise up against me, wicked people. The righteous will flourish like a palm tree; |
Macula
צַ֭דִּיק כַּתָּמָ֣ר יִפְרָ֑ח כְּאֶ֖רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֣וֹן יִשְׂגֶּֽה׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 13]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal
adjective: צַדִּיק the righteous
Predicate
verb: יִפְרָח will flourish
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כַּ like
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: תָּמָר palm tree
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשְׂגֶּה he will grow
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like
Object
noun: אֶרֶז a cedar tree
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: ה <status="elided">
noun: לְּבָנוֹן Lebanon
DiscourseUnit [v. 13]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal
adjective: צַדִּיק the righteous
Predicate
verb: יִפְרָח will flourish
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כַּ like
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: תָּמָר palm tree
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשְׂגֶּה he will grow
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like
Object
noun: אֶרֶז a cedar tree
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: ה <status="elided">
noun: לְּבָנוֹן Lebanon
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-13-None }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
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V. 14
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| שְׁ֭תוּלִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה בְּחַצְר֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣ינוּ יַפְרִֽיחוּ׃ | 14 | like a cedar tree in Lebanon he will grow. [They will be] transplanted in the house of YHWH; |
Macula
שְׁ֭תוּלִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה בְּחַצְר֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣ינוּ יַפְרִֽיחוּ׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 14]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
adjective: צַדִּיקִים righteous people <status="elided">
Predicate
verb: יִהְיוּ will be <status="elided">
Complement
Nominal
Adjectival
verb-participle: שְׁתוּלִים transplanted
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
Nominal <gloss="the house of YHWH">
ConstructChain
noun: בֵית house
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַפְרִיחוּ they will flourish
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
Nominal <gloss="the courtyards of our God">
ConstructChain
noun: חַצְרוֹת courtyards
ConstructChain
noun: אֱלֹהֵי God
suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
DiscourseUnit [v. 14]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
adjective: צַדִּיקִים righteous people <status="elided">
Predicate
verb: יִהְיוּ will be <status="elided">
Complement
Nominal
Adjectival
verb-participle: שְׁתוּלִים transplanted
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
Nominal <gloss="the house of YHWH">
ConstructChain
noun: בֵית house
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַפְרִיחוּ they will flourish
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
Nominal <gloss="the courtyards of our God">
ConstructChain
noun: חַצְרוֹת courtyards
ConstructChain
noun: אֱלֹהֵי God
suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-14-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 14
The preferred two separate clauses are found in the ESV, DHH, RVC. See the symmetry of the two locative prepositional phrases, which indicate the status of שְׁ֭תוּלִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה as an independent clause. For a similar, future referring verbless clause with both subject and copula elided, see Ps 1:4b.
For a similar shift from singular צָדִּיק to collective reference, see Job 36:7 – לֹֽא־יִגְרַ֥ע מִצַּדִּ֗יק עֵ֫ינָ֥יו וְאֶת־מְלָכִ֥ים לַכִּסֵּ֑א וַיֹּשִׁיבֵ֥ם לָ֝נֶ֗צַח וַיִּגְבָּֽהוּ (cf. Ps 78:1-4). Alternatively, for lack of a subject, TgPs provides בנוי ("his sons").
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
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alternative 2
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 14 alt. #2]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
Nominal
Adjectival
verb-participle: שְׁתוּלִים those transplanted
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
Nominal <gloss="the house of YHWH">
ConstructChain
noun: בֵית house
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: יַפְרִיחוּ will flourish
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
Nominal <gloss="the courtyards of our God">
ConstructChain
noun: חַצְרוֹת courtyards
ConstructChain
noun: אֱלֹהֵי God
suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
DiscourseUnit [v. 14 alt. #2]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
Nominal
Adjectival
verb-participle: שְׁתוּלִים those transplanted
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
Nominal <gloss="the house of YHWH">
ConstructChain
noun: בֵית house
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: יַפְרִיחוּ will flourish
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
Nominal <gloss="the courtyards of our God">
ConstructChain
noun: חַצְרוֹת courtyards
ConstructChain
noun: אֱלֹהֵי God
suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-14-alternative-2 }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 14
Alternative interpretations of the grammar include reading שְׁ֭תוּלִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה either as an adverbial of manner or as a subject nominal.
• The adverbial reading of שְׁ֭תוּלִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה, found in the CSB, NASB, NET, NIV, NJPS, SG21, TOB (read as a singular participle in both of these French versions) and supported by GKC §118p.
• The subject reading is provided by the Syr. headless relative clause ܕܢܨܝܒܝܢ ܒܒܝܬܗ ܕܡܪܝܐ ("those who are planted in the house of the Lord," Taylor 2020, 385) and the nominative πεφυτευμένοι in the LXX's πεφυτευμένοι ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ κυρίου (cf. also the CEB, KJV, and the German translations).
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
V. 15a
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| ע֭וֹד יְנוּב֣וּן בְּשֵׂיבָ֑ה דְּשֵׁנִ֖ים וְרַֽעֲנַנִּ֣ים יִהְיֽוּ׃ | 15 | in the courtyards of our God they will flourish. They will still thrive in old age; |
Macula
ע֭וֹד יְנוּב֣וּן בְּשֵׂיבָ֑ה דְּשֵׁנִ֖ים וְרַֽעֲנַנִּ֣ים יִהְיֽוּ׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 15a]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְנוּבוּן they will bear fruit >> they will thrive
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
noun: שֵׂיבָה old age
adverb: עוֹד still
DiscourseUnit [v. 15a]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְנוּבוּן they will bear fruit >> they will thrive
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
noun: שֵׂיבָה old age
adverb: עוֹד still
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=V-15a-None }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
Vv. 15b-16
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| ע֭וֹד יְנוּב֣וּן בְּשֵׂיבָ֑ה דְּשֵׁנִ֖ים וְרַֽעֲנַנִּ֣ים יִהְיֽוּ׃ | 15 | in the courtyards of our God they will flourish. They will still thrive in old age; |
| לְ֭הַגִּיד כִּֽי־יָשָׁ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה צ֝וּרִ֗י וְֽלֹא־עַוְלָ֥תָה בּֽוֹ׃ | 16 | they will be vigorous and fresh in order that people declare that YHWH, my rock, is fair |
Macula
ע֭וֹד יְנוּב֣וּן בְּשֵׂיבָ֑ה דְּשֵׁנִ֖ים וְרַֽעֲנַנִּ֣ים יִהְיֽוּ׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 15b-16]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִהְיוּ they will be
Complement
Adjectival
adjective: דְּשֵׁנִים fat >> vigorous
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
adjective: רַעֲנַנִּים fresh
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ in order that
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: הַגִּיד people declare
Object
ComplementClause
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי that
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Apposition
Nominal <gloss="my rock">
ConstructChain
noun: צוּר rock
suffix-pronoun: ִ י me
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
adjective: יָשָׁר upright >> fair
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
noun: עַוְלָתָה injustice <status="emendation">
noun: עֹלָתָה injustice <status="alternative">
Predicate
verb: there is
adverb: לֹא not
Complement
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בּ in
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
DiscourseUnit [vv. 15b-16]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִהְיוּ they will be
Complement
Adjectival
adjective: דְּשֵׁנִים fat >> vigorous
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
adjective: רַעֲנַנִּים fresh
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ in order that
Object
Clause
Predicate
verb-infinitive: הַגִּיד people declare
Object
ComplementClause
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי that
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Apposition
Nominal <gloss="my rock">
ConstructChain
noun: צוּר rock
suffix-pronoun: ִ י me
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
adjective: יָשָׁר upright >> fair
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
noun: עַוְלָתָה injustice <status="emendation">
noun: עֹלָתָה injustice <status="alternative">
Predicate
verb: there is
adverb: לֹא not
Complement
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בּ in
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=92|DiagramID=Vv-15b-16-None }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes.
Add Exegetical Note
Appendix
Files
Diagrams
- V. 1.
- V. 1.alternative
- V. 10.
- V. 10bc.Alternative
- V. 11.
- V. 11.Alternative ("horn" elided)
- V. 11a.alternative
- V. 11b.
- V. 11b.Alternative (MT)
- V. 11b.Alternative (TgPs, Syr)
- V. 11b.alternative (LXX, Jerome)
- V. 12.
- V. 13.
- V. 14.
- V. 14.alternative 2
- V. 15a.
- V. 2.
- V. 3.
- V. 4.
- V. 5.
- V. 6.
- V. 7.
- Vv. 15b-16.
- Vv. 8-9.
Notes
- .V. 14.594690
- .V. 15a.486742
- Grammar.V. 1.361185
- Grammar.V. 10.872889
- Grammar.V. 10bc.685421
- Grammar.V. 11.442098
- Grammar.V. 11a.399585
- Grammar.V. 11b.185288
- Grammar.V. 11b.627167
- Grammar.V. 11b.813935
- Grammar.V. 11b.955011
- Grammar.V. 12.587885
- Grammar.V. 14.307020
- Grammar.V. 14.936876
- Grammar.V. 15a.407284
- Grammar.V. 15b-16.262822
- Grammar.V. 5.434416
- Grammar.V. 6.413882
- Grammar.V. 7.92806
- Grammar.V. 8a.807067
- Grammar.V. 9.646513
- Grammar.vv. 2-4.771749
- Lexical.V. 11b.42514
- Lexical.V. 12.283278
- Lexical.V. 14.478866
- Lexical.Vv. 8-9.841677
- Lexical.vv. 2-4.173919
- Phrasal.V. 11b.788798
- Phrasal.V. 12.700341
- Phrasal.V. 16.512237
- Phrasal.V. 3.777088
- Phrasal.V. 5.95170
- Phrasal.V. 7.70697
- Phrasal.Vv. 8-9.700474
- Verbal.V. 10.869451
- Verbal.V. 11.929297
- Verbal.V. 12.8222
- Verbal.V. 16.781129
- Verbal.V. 3.595381
- Verbal.V. 5.481933
- Verbal.V. 6.697264
- Verbal.V. 7.978762
- Verbal.V. 8.268265
- Verbal.Vv. 13-15.738508
Approvals
Current Grammar status is Approved for version 1.1. Current Lexical status is Approved for version 1.0.
References
- ↑ As noted by Vogel, "The light of morning symbolizes manifestation, and kindness must be manifest. The darkness of night represents fearsome hiddenness, when observation is impossible and faith alone must sustain us" (Vogel 2000, 216). Alternatively, there may be hints of the Tamid offering in the morning and evening, as discussed in the exegetical issue, The Sabbath Day in Psalm 92, though lexically we would expect and בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם "in the evening" (see Exod 29:39; Num 28:4), rather than בַּלֵּילֽוֹת "at night."
- ↑ For the latter, see the LXX's κατὰ νύκτα "every night," rendered in the Gallican Psalter as the time frame per noctem "by night," while in the Iuxta Hebraeos as in nocte "in the night," as our preferred reading.
- ↑ Note that the Secunda reads ιαδαε (≈ יָדַע), a stative qatal. While differing in morphology, it may, in fact, be semantically compatible with the the present interpretation of the yiqtol adopted here.
- ↑ For support of reading מָר֗וֹם as a divine epithet (Ibn Ezra; Tate 1998, 462, cf. KJV), see the מְר֥וֹם עַם־הָאָֽרֶץ in Isa 24:4 (though only מרום הארץ in 1QIsaª). One argument in favor here is the possibility of employing the polal participle (מְרוֹמַם) to disambiguate the first (preferred) interpretation.
- ↑ For support of the nominal adverb reading (Briggs & Briggs 1906-1907, 285; Brueggemann & Bellinger 2014, 398; Ḥakham 1979, 181; Tanner & Jacobson 2014, 703; cf. CSB, ESV, NASB, NIV), see the prepositional-less מָרוֹם in 2 Kgs 19:22 (= Isa 37:23) and Isa 40:26. For the complement of a שׁכן verb phrase, see Isa 33:5, 57:15, and the suffixed בִּמְרוֹמָֽיו in Job 25:2. See also the similar co-text of Ps 97:9 – כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה עֶלְי֥וֹן עַל־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ מְאֹ֥ד נַ֝עֲלֵ֗יתָ עַל־כָּל־אֱלֹהִֽים.
- ↑ • σὺ δὲ ὕψιστος εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, κύριε· (LXX; 'exalted one') = tu autem Altissimus in aeternum Domine (Gall.) = tu autem Excelsus in aeternum Domine (Hebr.; differing from the rendering of עֶלְיֽוֹן in v. 2 as 'Altissime') • ואת רמא (TgPs; adj. high) • ܘܐܢܬ ܡܪܝܐ ܡܪܝܡܐ ܠܥܠܡ (adj. high, exalted' ;CAL) • The Christian Palestinian Aramaic version alternates from the emphatic form ܡܪܘܡܡܐ for עֶלְיֽוֹן in v. 2 to the absolute ܡܪܘܡܡ here, though both nominal.
- ↑ So Ḥakham 1979, 181; cf. Gesenius' Handwörterbuch 2013, 1337.
- ↑ CAL vol. 17, 132-133.
- ↑ Hoftijzer & Jongeling 1995, 1118.
- ↑ Stec 2004, 176.
- ↑ TDOT, vol. 14, 544.
- ↑ BDB, 1033.
- ↑ Goldingay 2006, 59; cf. Briggs & Briggs 1906-7, 285; Bratcher & Reyburn 1991, 812.
- ↑ Tanner & Jacobson 2014, 704.
- ↑ For support, see Symmachus and Theodotion's καὶ ἐπόψεται ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου "and my eye will look." Modern European translations include past reference (CEB, CJB, ESV, GNT, NASB, NIV), present (CSB, EÜ Luther2017, NET, SG21, TOB, ZÜR) and future (preferred) (DHH, ELB, NJPS, KJV, RVC; cf. the observation of Briggs & Briggs [1906-1907, 286], that "the context demands simple ו").