Psalm 78/Diagrams/8
vv. 71-72
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| מֵאַחַ֥ר עָל֗וֹת הֱ֫בִיא֥וֹ | 71a | From [looking] after nursing animals he brought him |
| לִ֭רְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹ֣ב עַמּ֑וֹ | 71b | to shepherd Jacob, his people, |
| וּ֝בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃ | 71c | and [to shepherd] Israel, his inheritance. |
| וַ֭יִּרְעֵם בְתֹ֣ם לְבָב֑וֹ | 72a | He shepherded them with the integrity of his heart |
| וּבִתְבוּנ֖וֹת כַּפָּ֣יו יַנְחֵֽם׃ | 72b | and with his wise actions he led them. |
Macula
מֵאַחַ֥ר עָל֗וֹת הֱ֫בִיא֥וֹ לִ֭רְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹ֣ב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 71-72]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: הֱבִיא he brought
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מֵאַחַר from [looking] after
Object
Nominal
verb-participle: עָלוֹת nursing animals
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לִ to
Object
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: רְעוֹת shepherd
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ
Object
Nominal
Apposition
noun: יַעֲקֹב Jacob
ConstructChain <gloss="his people">
noun: עַמּ people
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: רְעוֹת shepherd <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ
Object
Nominal
Apposition
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
ConstructChain <gloss="his inheritance">
noun: נַחֲלָת inheritance
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּרְע he shepherded
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ according to
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the integrity of his heart">
noun: תֹם integrity
ConstructChain
noun: לְבָב heart
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with <status="emendation">
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the integrity of his heart">
noun: תֹם integrity
ConstructChain
noun: לְבָב heart
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַנְח he led
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בִ with
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his wise actions">
noun: תְבוּנוֹת understanding
ConstructChain
noun: כַּפָּי hands
suffix-pronoun: ו him
DiscourseUnit [vv. 71-72]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: הֱבִיא he brought
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מֵאַחַר from [looking] after
Object
Nominal
verb-participle: עָלוֹת nursing animals
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לִ to
Object
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: רְעוֹת shepherd
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ
Object
Nominal
Apposition
noun: יַעֲקֹב Jacob
ConstructChain <gloss="his people">
noun: עַמּ people
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: רְעוֹת shepherd <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ
Object
Nominal
Apposition
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
ConstructChain <gloss="his inheritance">
noun: נַחֲלָת inheritance
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּרְע he shepherded
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ according to
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the integrity of his heart">
noun: תֹם integrity
ConstructChain
noun: לְבָב heart
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with <status="emendation">
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the integrity of his heart">
noun: תֹם integrity
ConstructChain
noun: לְבָב heart
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַנְח he led
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בִ with
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his wise actions">
noun: תְבוּנוֹת understanding
ConstructChain
noun: כַּפָּי hands
suffix-pronoun: ו him
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-71-72-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for v. 71
v. 71 – For the compound מֵאַחַ֥ר as both SOURCE and BEHIND, see Hardy 2022, 54-55.
Note for v. 71
v. 71 – For the compound מֵאַחַ֥ר as both SOURCE and BEHIND, see Hardy 2022, 54-55.
Note for v. 72
v. 72 – For the alternative emendation בְּתֹם for the MT's כְּתֹ֣ם, see the ancient versions: "in the innocence/integrity of his heart,"[1] as well as a large number of Hebrew Manuscripts (VTH, vol 4, 376; de-Rossi, Variae Lectiones, vol 4, 55). This is understandable since כ and ב are written very similarly. While both Leningradensis and Aleppo contain כְּתֹ֣ם, Sassoon has בְּתֹ֣ם, and the extant Babylonian manuscripts consistently provide בתם (see, e.g., BL Or 1477; 2373; JTS 611; Neubauer 2484). Weighing up the external evidence, divergence from the OSHB has been preferred, as "He tended them with blameless heart; with skillful hands he led them," (NJPS; see also CEB, CJB, CSB, DHH, ESV, EÜ, GNT, Luther 2017, NABRE, NET, NIV, REB, RVC, SG21, ZÜR), though the KJV's "he fed them according to the integrity of his heart" follows Codex Leningrad (cf. ELB, NASB), as already noted in Midrash Tehillim (וירעם (בתום) [כתום] לבבו). Semantically, both interpretations are plausible. The verb רעה "to shepherd" is accompanied by a כְּ–prepositional phrase of comparison, "as/like" in Isa 40:11 and Jer 3:15. In the latter case, the verb is also modified by "heart," so there may be a harmonization between the two passages in Leningradensis and Aleppo. For the verb רעה "to shepherd" being accompanied by a בְּ–prepositional phrase, "with," see Ezek 34:14, 16; Mic 3:5; 5:5; 7:14.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes to display for this diagram.
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 71
v. 71b-c – The presence of בְּ with רעה "to shepherd" may highlight the physical contact of leading them (so Jenni 1992, 238). In this case, such a construal would be less prominent in constructions without the preposition (e.g., Gen 30:31, 36; 36:24; 37:12; Exod 3:1; 1 Sam 17:15; 25:6; 2 Sam 5:2; 7:7; Isa 61:5; Jer 3:15; 23:2). For other instances with בְּ, see Gen 37:2; 1 Sam 16:11; 17:34. Although some examples seem quite interchangeable (e.g., Gen 37:2, 12), there may be a difference in construal in which רעה את involves a lighter touch, with the emphasis on feeding, while רעה ב, involves intentional and physical guiding (with the rod and staff; Ps 23:4). Alternatively, with אֵת and בְּ– alternation, full accusatives indicate higher transitivity, and thus fuller affectedness (Bekins 2014, 142), while בְּ– indicate lower affectedness, less likely to have undergone a change of state, which may be relevant if both "Jacob" and "Israel" were easily grafted into the Davidic kingship, rather than forcefully subdued (à la Ps 2).
Note for vv. 71-72
v. 71a – This is the only instance of the compound preposition מִן + אַחַר in the Psalms. It is commonly used in the Prophets to refer to following YHWH. So the literal from after (מֵאַחַ֥ר) nursing animals implies following behind them, i.e., looking after them in the context of shepherding, hence the gloss provided here.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.
Note for v. 72
For the verbal alternation in this verse, see the notes in v. 58. The LXX and three revisers all render the verb יַנְחֵם as an aorist. With the pattern established throughout the rest of the psalm, the verb alternation, both with an intended past reference time, is preferred (cf. vv. 29, 36, 58). Alternatively, however, perhaps an initial reading of the yiqtol would indicate ongoing skillful leadership by the Davidic king.
Note for v. 72
For the emendation of בְּ*תֹ֣ם* (MT: כְּתֹ֣ם), see the grammar notes.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes to display for this diagram.
Add Exegetical Note
Appendix
Files
Diagrams
Notes
- Grammar.V. 1.142421
- Grammar.V. 10.856105
- Grammar.V. 11.741627
- Grammar.V. 12.885665
- Grammar.V. 17.600763
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- Grammar.V. 28.567213
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- Grammar.V. 32.760091
- Grammar.V. 34.837458
- Grammar.V. 36.822732
- Grammar.V. 39.7727
- Grammar.V. 3a.555136
- Grammar.V. 41.706414
- Grammar.V. 49.683964
- Grammar.V. 50.51497
- Grammar.V. 9.179548
- Grammar.V. 9.257459
- Grammar.Vv. 13-14.484033
- Grammar.Vv. 15.425807
- Grammar.Vv. 3-4.239598
- Grammar.Vv. 47-48.833138
- Grammar.Vv. 5-8.672193
- Grammar.v. 12.333926
- Grammar.v. 12.628604
- Grammar.v. 31.624770
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- Grammar.v. 42.464194
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- Grammar.v. 55.588213
- Grammar.v. 56.855625
- Grammar.v. 60.389634
- Grammar.v. 64.710118
- Grammar.v. 68.327932
- Grammar.v. 69.814644
- Grammar.v. 69.833981
- Grammar.v. 69a.64577
- Grammar.v. 69b.665636
- Grammar.v. 71.289893
- Grammar.v. 72.315425
- Grammar.v. 8.676290
- Grammar.vv. 21-22.268361
- Grammar.vv. 63-64.711824
- Grammar.vv. 71.447591
- Grammar.vv. 72.9098
- Lexical.V. 13.417473
- Lexical.V. 16.951919
- Lexical.V. 28.690178
- Lexical.V. 29.39767
- Lexical.V. 33.439894
- Lexical.V. 34.227161
- Lexical.V. 40.321522
- Lexical.V. 41.576410
- Lexical.V. 46.253400
- Lexical.V. 47.526706
- Lexical.V. 47.816095
- Lexical.V. 47.870775
- Lexical.V. 48.50141
- Lexical.V. 51.729929
- Lexical.v. 12.715237
- Lexical.v. 15.330857
- Lexical.v. 20.300801
- Lexical.v. 25.480527
- Lexical.v. 31.846026
- Lexical.v. 32.620497
- Lexical.v. 36.655733
- Lexical.v. 39.360776
- Lexical.v. 43.943291
- Lexical.v. 49.367959
- Lexical.v. 54.935896
- Lexical.v. 55.605314
- Lexical.v. 57.320703
- Lexical.v. 57.885972
- Lexical.v. 61.391700
- Lexical.v. 64.201697
- Lexical.v. 65.579388
- Lexical.v. 66.240586
- Lexical.v. 67.998731
- Lexical.v. 7.172068
- Lexical.v. 7.568462
- Lexical.v. 8.623278
- Lexical.vv. 21-22.146086
- Lexical.vv. 21-22.547752
- Lexical.vv. 21-22.997862
- Lexical.vv. 67-70.495489
- Phrasal.V. 14.778101
- Phrasal.V. 14.863017
- Phrasal.V. 14.909224
- Phrasal.V. 15.402091
- Phrasal.V. 16.305229
- Phrasal.V. 27.17093
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- Phrasal.V. 28.435429
- Phrasal.V. 33.607554
- Phrasal.V. 34.379869
- Phrasal.V. 36.750609
- Phrasal.V. 37.208950
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- Phrasal.V. 38.185771
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- Phrasal.V. 48.574563
- Phrasal.V. 51.328780
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- Phrasal.Vv. 47-48.492276
- Phrasal.v. 1.257490
- Phrasal.v. 1.364985
- Phrasal.v. 1.972397
- Phrasal.v. 17.102829
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- Phrasal.v. 53.508578
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- Phrasal.v. 59.161082
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- Phrasal.v. 61.788735
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- Phrasal.v. 7.624387
- Phrasal.v. 71.680895
- Phrasal.v. 8.323896
- Phrasal.v. 8.795349
- Phrasal.v. 9.235459
- Phrasal.vv. 67-70.887990
- Verbal.v. 11.221785
- Verbal.v. 11.602994
- Verbal.v. 14.20316
- Verbal.v. 15.537593
- Verbal.v. 16.243383
- Verbal.v. 19.593594
- Verbal.v. 20.332525
- Verbal.v. 20.612891
- Verbal.v. 26.281939
- Verbal.v. 29.433596
- Verbal.v. 34.194556
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- Verbal.v. 38.25018
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- Verbal.v. 5.221241
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- Verbal.v. 55.239545
- Verbal.v. 56.999975
- Verbal.v. 58.207498
- Verbal.v. 59.350387
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- Verbal.v. 63.872558
- Verbal.v. 64.349655
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- Verbal.v. 67.885880
- Verbal.v. 68.676677
- Verbal.v. 68.770748
- Verbal.v. 69.462163
- Verbal.v. 70.863288
- Verbal.v. 72.113137
- Verbal.v. 72.119478
- Verbal.v. 8.109937
- Verbal.v. 8.776243
- Verbal.v. 9.357559
- Verbal.v. 9.551787
- Verbal.vv. 21-22.112518
- Verbal.vv. 71-72.907824
Approvals
Current Grammar status is not set for version not set. Current Lexical status is not set for version not set.
References
- ↑ They read ἐν τῇ ἀκακίᾳ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ, in simplicitate cordis sui, בשלימות ליבביה, and ܒܣܘܟܠܐ ܕܐ̈ܝܕܘܗܝ. Aquila and Symmachus follow the MT, however, with κατὰ τὴν ἁπλότητα τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ.