Psalm 78/Diagrams/8

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vv. 71-72

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit [vv. 71-72]
      Fragment
        ClauseCluster
          Clause
            Predicate 
              verb: הֱבִיא he brought
              Object
                suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
              Adverbial
                PrepositionalPhrase 
                  Preposition
                    preposition: מֵאַחַר from [tending] after
                  Object
                    Nominal
                      verb-participle: עָלוֹת nursing animals
              Adverbial
                PrepositionalPhrase 
                  Preposition
                    preposition: לִ to
                  Object
                    ClauseCluster
                      Clause
                        Predicate
                          verb: רְעוֹת shepherd
                          Adverbial
                            PrepositionalPhrase 
                              Preposition
                                preposition: בְּ
                              Object
                                Nominal
                                  Apposition
                                    noun: יַעֲקֹב Jacob
                                    ConstructChain <gloss="his people">
                                      noun: עַמּ people
                                      suffix-pronoun: וֹ him 
                      Conjunction
                        conjunction: וּ and
                      Clause
                        Predicate
                          verb: רְעוֹת shepherd <status="elided">
                          Adverbial
                            PrepositionalPhrase 
                              Preposition
                                preposition: בְ
                              Object
                                Nominal
                                  Apposition
                                    noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
                                    ConstructChain <gloss="his inheritance">
                                      noun: נַחֲלָת inheritance
                                      suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וַ and
          Clause
            Predicate
              verb: יִּרְע he shepherded
              Object
                suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
              Adverbial <status="alternative">
                PrepositionalPhrase 
                  Preposition
                    preposition: כְּ according to
                  Object
                    ConstructChain <gloss="the integrity of his heart">
                      noun: תֹם integrity
                      ConstructChain 
                        noun: לְבָב heart
                        suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
              Adverbial 
                PrepositionalPhrase 
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בְּ with <status="emendation">
                  Object
                    ConstructChain <gloss="the integrity of his heart">
                      noun: תֹם integrity 
                      ConstructChain 
                        noun: לְבָב heart
                        suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וּ and
          Clause
            Predicate 
              verb: יַנְח he led
              Object
                suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
              Adverbial
                PrepositionalPhrase 
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בִ with 
                  Object
                    ConstructChain <gloss="his wise actions">
                      noun: תְבוּנוֹת understanding
                      ConstructChain 
                        noun: כַּפָּי hands
                        suffix-pronoun: ו him

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-71-72-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 71

v. 71 – For the compound מֵאַחַ֥ר as both SOURCE and BEHIND, see Hardy 2022, 54-55.


Note for v. 71

v. 71 – For the compound מֵאַחַ֥ר as both SOURCE and BEHIND, see Hardy 2022, 54-55.


Note for v. 72

v. 72 – For the alternative emendation בְּתֹם for the MT's כְּתֹ֣ם, see the ancient versions: "in the innocence/integrity of his heart,"[1] as well as a large number of Hebrew Manuscripts (VTH, vol 4, 376; de-Rossi, Variae Lectiones, vol 4, 55). This is understandable since כ and ב are written very similarly. While both Leningradensis and Aleppo contain כְּתֹ֣ם, Sassoon has בְּתֹ֣ם, and the extant Babylonian manuscripts consistently provide בתם (see, e.g., BL Or 1477; 2373; JTS 611; Neubauer 2484). Weighing up the external evidence, divergence from the OSHB has been preferred, as "He tended them with blameless heart; with skillful hands he led them," (NJPS; see also CEB, CJB, CSB, DHH, ESV, EÜ, GNT, Luther 2017, NABRE, NET, NIV, REB, RVC, SG21, ZÜR), though the KJV's "he fed them according to the integrity of his heart" follows Codex Leningrad (cf. ELB, NASB). Semantically, both interpretations are plausible. The verb רעה "to shepherd" is accompanied by a כְּ–prepositional phrase of comparison, "as/like" in Isa 40:11 and Jer 3:15. In the latter case, the verb is also modified by "heart," so there may be a harmonization between the two passages in Leningradensis and Aleppo. For the verb רעה "to shepherd" being accompanied by a בְּ–prepositional phrase, "with," see Ezek 34:14, 16; Mic 3:5; 5:5; 7:14.

Lexical Notes

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Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 71

v. 71 – The presence of בְּ with רעה "to shepherd" may highlight the physical contact of leading them (so Jenni 1992, 238). In this case, such a construal would be less prominent in constructions without the preposition (e.g., Gen 30:31, 36; 36:24; 37:12; Exod 3:1; 1 Sam 17:15; 25:6; 2 Sam 5:2; 7:7; Isa 61:5; Jer 3:15; 23:2). For other instances with בְּ, see Gen 37:2; 1 Sam 16:11; 17:34. Although some examples seem quite interchangeable (e.g., Gen 37:2, 12), there may be a difference in construal in which רעה את involves a lighter touch, with the emphasis on feeding, while רעה ב, involves intentional and physical guiding (with the rod and staff; Ps 23:4). Alternatively, with אֵת and בְּ– alternation, full accusatives indicate higher transitivity, and thus fuller affectedness (Bekins 2014, 142), while בְּ– indicate lower affectedness, less likely to have undergone a change of state, which may be relevant if both "Jacob" and "Israel" were easily grafted into the Davidic kingship, rather than forcefully subdued (à la Ps 2).

Verbal Notes

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