Psalm 89/Diagrams/9

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v. 9

Hebrew Verse English
יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צְבָא֗וֹת מִֽי־כָֽמ֖וֹךָ 9a YHWH, God of armies, who is like you?
חֲסִ֥ין ׀ יָ֑הּ וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ סְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃ 9b Mighty Yah, [who is like you] with your reliability around you?

Macula

יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צְבָא֗וֹת מִֽי־כָֽמ֖וֹךָ חֲסִ֥ין ׀ יָ֑הּ וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ סְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃



Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 9]
    Fragment
      Vocative
        Apposition
          noun: יְהוָה YHWH
          Nominal
            ConstructChain
              noun: אֱלֹהֵי God
              noun: צְבָאוֹת armies
    Fragment
      Clause
        Subject
          pronoun: מִי who?
        Predicate
          verb: is
          Complement
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כָמוֹ like
              Object
                suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
    Fragment
      Vocative
        Apposition <gloss="Mighty Yah">
          Nominal
            adjective: חֲסִין mighty one
          noun: יָהּ Yah
    Fragment
      ClauseCluster
        Clause <status="elided">
          Subject
            pronoun: מִי who?
          Predicate
            verb: is
            Complement
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: כָמוֹ like
                Object
                  suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
        Conjunction
          conjunction: וֶ and
        Clause
          Subject
            ConstructChain <gloss="your reliability">
              noun: אֱמוּנָתְ reliability
              suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
          Predicate
            verb: is
            Complement
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: סְבִיבוֹתֶי around
                Object
                  suffix-pronoun: ךָ you


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit [v. 9]
    Fragment
      Vocative
        Apposition
          noun: יְהוָה YHWH
          Nominal
            ConstructChain
              noun: אֱלֹהֵי God
              noun: צְבָאוֹת armies
    Fragment
      Clause
        Subject
          pronoun: מִי who?
        Predicate
          verb: is
          Complement
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כָמוֹ like
              Object
                suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
    Fragment
      Vocative
        Apposition <gloss="Mighty Yah">
          Nominal
            adjective: חֲסִין mighty one
          noun: יָהּ Yah
    Fragment
      ClauseCluster
        Clause <status="elided">
          Subject
            pronoun: מִי who?
          Predicate
            verb: is
            Complement
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: כָמוֹ like
                Object
                  suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
        Conjunction
          conjunction: וֶ and
        Clause
          Subject
            ConstructChain <gloss="your reliability">
              noun: אֱמוּנָתְ reliability
              suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
          Predicate
            verb: is
            Complement
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: סְבִיבוֹתֶי around
                Object
                  suffix-pronoun: ךָ you

Copy to display elsewhere 

 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-9-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 9

  • Translations disagree on the line division (and thus on the syntax) of this verse. See, for example, the following translations:
  1. "Who is like you, Lord God of heavenly forces? Mighty Lord, your faithfulness surrounds you!" (CEB; cf. Jerome iuxta Hebr.; Dahood 1968, 308; see v. 9 preferred diagram, though, in addition to reading "Mighty Lord" as a vocative, the preferred diagram sees the question "who is like you" elided in the b-line).
  2. "O Lord God of hosts, who is as mighty as you, O Lord? Your faithfulness surrounds you" (NRSV, cf. NJPS, NLT, ESV, GNT, ELB, HFA, GNB; so also Peshitta, Targum; see v. 9 alternative 2 diagram).
  3. "O Lord God of hosts, who is like you? You are powerful, O Lord, and your truth is around you" (LXX, trans. NETS; cf. NIV, LUT, NGÜ, EÜ, ZÜR; so Baethgen 1904, 275; see v. 9 alternative 3 diagram).
  4. "Lord God of Hosts, who is like you? Your strength and faithfulness, Lord, are all around you" (REB, emending the text to חָסְנְךָ)
  • The Masoretic accents suggest the following line division (cf. de Hoop and Sanders 2022, §6.2): יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צְבָא֗וֹת // מִֽי־כָֽמ֖וֹךָ חֲסִ֥ין ׀ יָ֑הּ // וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ סְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃. According to this division, we would understand the text as NRSV et al. above. Cf. Exod 15:11—מִֽי־כָמֹ֤כָה בָּֽאֵלִם֙ יְהוָ֔ה מִ֥י כָּמֹ֖כָה נֶאְדָּ֣ר בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ.
  • The Septuagint preserves a different line division: יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת מִי־כָמוֹךָ // חֲסִין יָהּ וֶאֱמוּנָתְךָ סְבִיבוֹתֶיךָ. The line division of the Septuagint, which probably preserves an ancient Hebrew line division, is a better fit in the poetic context: every other verse in vv. 2-19 is a two-line verse. If we follow the Septuagint's line division, then there are three options for interpreting the syntax.
    • We could understand the text similar to how the LXX and the NIV have understood it (with an elided 2ms pronoun): "Who is like you, Lord God Almighty? You, Lord, are mighty, and your faithfulness surrounds you" (NIV).
    • We could understand "Yah" (rather than an elided 2ms pronoun) as the subject of the clause: "Yah is mighty, and your faithfulness is all around you." The sudden shift in person within the same line (3rd person "Yah" --> 2nd person "you") is somewhat jarring but not totally unprecedented (see e.g., Gen 49:4c [MT]; Ps 22:9 [MT]).
    • We could understand חֲסִין יָהּ as a vocative, "Mighty Yah" (cf. Jerome iuxta Hebr.: fortissime Domine), resulting in a nice AB//AB parallelism for v. 9. It could be that חֲסִין modifies יָהּ as an adjective, or, more likely, it could be that חֲסִין is a substantival adjective ("mighty one") in apposition to יָהּ: "Mighty one, Yah >> "Mighty Yah." For a substantival adjective functioning as a vocative, see e.g., Ps 32:11 (צַדִּיקִים); Ps 33:1 (צַדִּיקִים); Prov 1:22 (פְּתָיִם).

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 9

  • The word חָסִין is an adjective (borrowed from Aramaic) meaning "strong" (HALOT, DCH, BDB). See the entry on חסין in CAL. Cf. Amos 2:9: "strong (חָסֹן) as the oaks" (NIV). The Samaritan Aramaic Targum uses this word in its translation of Exod 15:11 (a passage that is very similar to Ps 89:9): "who is like You among the mighty? who is like You mighty (חסינה = נֶאְדָּר) in his holiness?"

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 9

  • The phrase יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹות is an "epithet of God with focus on his being in charge of the host of heavenly beings surrounding his throne, praising him, and carrying out his will on earth; ≈ as an epithet it relates to God's power and control of the cosmos as the divine king and warrior" (SDBH).

Verbal Notes

No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.

Textual Notes

No Textual notes to display for this diagram.

Add Exegetical Note


Alternative 1

(Alternative); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 9 alternatives]
    Fragment <status="alternative">
      ClauseCluster
        Clause
          Subject
            noun: יָהּ Yah
          Predicate
            verb: is
            Complement
              adjective: חֲסִין mighty


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit [v. 9 alternatives]
    Fragment <status="alternative">
      ClauseCluster
        Clause
          Subject
            noun: יָהּ Yah
          Predicate
            verb: is
            Complement
              adjective: חֲסִין mighty

Copy to display elsewhere 

 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-9-Alternative-1 }}

Grammar Notes

No Grammar notes to display for this diagram. Other notes for v. 9

Note for v. 9

Associate with v-9-Alternative-1
  • Translations disagree on the line division (and thus on the syntax) of this verse. See, for example, the following translations:
  1. "Who is like you, Lord God of heavenly forces? Mighty Lord, your faithfulness surrounds you!" (CEB; cf. Jerome iuxta Hebr.; Dahood 1968, 308; see v. 9 preferred diagram, though, in addition to reading "Mighty Lord" as a vocative, the preferred diagram sees the question "who is like you" elided in the b-line).
  2. "O Lord God of hosts, who is as mighty as you, O Lord? Your faithfulness surrounds you" (NRSV, cf. NJPS, NLT, ESV, GNT, ELB, HFA, GNB; so also Peshitta, Targum; see v. 9 alternative 2 diagram).
  3. "O Lord God of hosts, who is like you? You are powerful, O Lord, and your truth is around you" (LXX, trans. NETS; cf. NIV, LUT, NGÜ, EÜ, ZÜR; so Baethgen 1904, 275; see v. 9 alternative 3 diagram).
  4. "Lord God of Hosts, who is like you? Your strength and faithfulness, Lord, are all around you" (REB, emending the text to חָסְנְךָ)
  • The Masoretic accents suggest the following line division (cf. de Hoop and Sanders 2022, §6.2): יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צְבָא֗וֹת // מִֽי־כָֽמ֖וֹךָ חֲסִ֥ין ׀ יָ֑הּ // וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ סְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃. According to this division, we would understand the text as NRSV et al. above. Cf. Exod 15:11—מִֽי־כָמֹ֤כָה בָּֽאֵלִם֙ יְהוָ֔ה מִ֥י כָּמֹ֖כָה נֶאְדָּ֣ר בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ.
  • The Septuagint preserves a different line division: יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת מִי־כָמוֹךָ // חֲסִין יָהּ וֶאֱמוּנָתְךָ סְבִיבוֹתֶיךָ. The line division of the Septuagint, which probably preserves an ancient Hebrew line division, is a better fit in the poetic context: every other verse in vv. 2-19 is a two-line verse. If we follow the Septuagint's line division, then there are three options for interpreting the syntax.
    • We could understand the text similar to how the LXX and the NIV have understood it (with an elided 2ms pronoun): "Who is like you, Lord God Almighty? You, Lord, are mighty, and your faithfulness surrounds you" (NIV).
    • We could understand "Yah" (rather than an elided 2ms pronoun) as the subject of the clause: "Yah is mighty, and your faithfulness is all around you." The sudden shift in person within the same line (3rd person "Yah" --> 2nd person "you") is somewhat jarring but not totally unprecedented (see e.g., Gen 49:4c [MT]; Ps 22:9 [MT]).
    • We could understand חֲסִין יָהּ as a vocative, "Mighty Yah" (cf. Jerome iuxta Hebr.: fortissime Domine), resulting in a nice AB//AB parallelism for v. 9. It could be that חֲסִין modifies יָהּ as an adjective, or, more likely, it could be that חֲסִין is a substantival adjective ("mighty one") in apposition to יָהּ: "Mighty one, Yah >> "Mighty Yah." For a substantival adjective functioning as a vocative, see e.g., Ps 32:11 (צַדִּיקִים); Ps 33:1 (צַדִּיקִים); Prov 1:22 (פְּתָיִם).

Lexical Notes

No Lexical notes to display for this diagram. Other notes for v. 9

Note for v. 9

Associate with v-9-Alternative-1
  • The word חָסִין is an adjective (borrowed from Aramaic) meaning "strong" (HALOT, DCH, BDB). See the entry on חסין in CAL. Cf. Amos 2:9: "strong (חָסֹן) as the oaks" (NIV). The Samaritan Aramaic Targum uses this word in its translation of Exod 15:11 (a passage that is very similar to Ps 89:9): "who is like You among the mighty? who is like You mighty (חסינה = נֶאְדָּר) in his holiness?"

Phrase-Level

No Phrasal notes to display for this diagram. Other notes for v. 9

Note for v. 9

Associate with v-9-Alternative-1
  • The phrase יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹות is an "epithet of God with focus on his being in charge of the host of heavenly beings surrounding his throne, praising him, and carrying out his will on earth; ≈ as an epithet it relates to God's power and control of the cosmos as the divine king and warrior" (SDBH).

Verbal Notes

No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.

Textual Notes

No Textual notes to display for this diagram.

Add Exegetical Note


Alternative 2

(Alternative); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit <status="alternative">
    Fragment
      Clause
        Subject
          pronoun: מִי who?
        Predicate
          verb: is
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כָמוֹ like
              Object
                suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
          Complement
            adjective: חֲסִין mighty
    Fragment <status="alternative">
      Vocative
        noun: יָהּ Yah


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit <status="alternative">
    Fragment
      Clause
        Subject
          pronoun: מִי who?
        Predicate
          verb: is
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כָמוֹ like
              Object
                suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
          Complement
            adjective: חֲסִין mighty
    Fragment <status="alternative">
      Vocative
        noun: יָהּ Yah

Copy to display elsewhere 

 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-9-Alternative-2 }}

Grammar Notes

No Grammar notes to display for this diagram. Other notes for v. 9

Note for v. 9

Associate with v-9-Alternative-2
  • Translations disagree on the line division (and thus on the syntax) of this verse. See, for example, the following translations:
  1. "Who is like you, Lord God of heavenly forces? Mighty Lord, your faithfulness surrounds you!" (CEB; cf. Jerome iuxta Hebr.; Dahood 1968, 308; see v. 9 preferred diagram, though, in addition to reading "Mighty Lord" as a vocative, the preferred diagram sees the question "who is like you" elided in the b-line).
  2. "O Lord God of hosts, who is as mighty as you, O Lord? Your faithfulness surrounds you" (NRSV, cf. NJPS, NLT, ESV, GNT, ELB, HFA, GNB; so also Peshitta, Targum; see v. 9 alternative 2 diagram).
  3. "O Lord God of hosts, who is like you? You are powerful, O Lord, and your truth is around you" (LXX, trans. NETS; cf. NIV, LUT, NGÜ, EÜ, ZÜR; so Baethgen 1904, 275; see v. 9 alternative 3 diagram).
  4. "Lord God of Hosts, who is like you? Your strength and faithfulness, Lord, are all around you" (REB, emending the text to חָסְנְךָ)
  • The Masoretic accents suggest the following line division (cf. de Hoop and Sanders 2022, §6.2): יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צְבָא֗וֹת // מִֽי־כָֽמ֖וֹךָ חֲסִ֥ין ׀ יָ֑הּ // וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ סְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃. According to this division, we would understand the text as NRSV et al. above. Cf. Exod 15:11—מִֽי־כָמֹ֤כָה בָּֽאֵלִם֙ יְהוָ֔ה מִ֥י כָּמֹ֖כָה נֶאְדָּ֣ר בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ.
  • The Septuagint preserves a different line division: יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת מִי־כָמוֹךָ // חֲסִין יָהּ וֶאֱמוּנָתְךָ סְבִיבוֹתֶיךָ. The line division of the Septuagint, which probably preserves an ancient Hebrew line division, is a better fit in the poetic context: every other verse in vv. 2-19 is a two-line verse. If we follow the Septuagint's line division, then there are three options for interpreting the syntax.
    • We could understand the text similar to how the LXX and the NIV have understood it (with an elided 2ms pronoun): "Who is like you, Lord God Almighty? You, Lord, are mighty, and your faithfulness surrounds you" (NIV).
    • We could understand "Yah" (rather than an elided 2ms pronoun) as the subject of the clause: "Yah is mighty, and your faithfulness is all around you." The sudden shift in person within the same line (3rd person "Yah" --> 2nd person "you") is somewhat jarring but not totally unprecedented (see e.g., Gen 49:4c [MT]; Ps 22:9 [MT]).
    • We could understand חֲסִין יָהּ as a vocative, "Mighty Yah" (cf. Jerome iuxta Hebr.: fortissime Domine), resulting in a nice AB//AB parallelism for v. 9. It could be that חֲסִין modifies יָהּ as an adjective, or, more likely, it could be that חֲסִין is a substantival adjective ("mighty one") in apposition to יָהּ: "Mighty one, Yah >> "Mighty Yah." For a substantival adjective functioning as a vocative, see e.g., Ps 32:11 (צַדִּיקִים); Ps 33:1 (צַדִּיקִים); Prov 1:22 (פְּתָיִם).

Lexical Notes

No Lexical notes to display for this diagram. Other notes for v. 9

Note for v. 9

Associate with v-9-Alternative-2
  • The word חָסִין is an adjective (borrowed from Aramaic) meaning "strong" (HALOT, DCH, BDB). See the entry on חסין in CAL. Cf. Amos 2:9: "strong (חָסֹן) as the oaks" (NIV). The Samaritan Aramaic Targum uses this word in its translation of Exod 15:11 (a passage that is very similar to Ps 89:9): "who is like You among the mighty? who is like You mighty (חסינה = נֶאְדָּר) in his holiness?"

Phrase-Level

No Phrasal notes to display for this diagram. Other notes for v. 9

Note for v. 9

Associate with v-9-Alternative-2
  • The phrase יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹות is an "epithet of God with focus on his being in charge of the host of heavenly beings surrounding his throne, praising him, and carrying out his will on earth; ≈ as an epithet it relates to God's power and control of the cosmos as the divine king and warrior" (SDBH).

Verbal Notes

No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.

Textual Notes

No Textual notes to display for this diagram.

Add Exegetical Note


Alternative 3

(Alternative); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit <status="alternative">
    Fragment 
      Clause
        Subject
          pronoun: אַתָּה you <status="elided">
        Predicate
          verb: are
          Complement
            adjective: חֲסִין mighty
    Fragment <status="alternative">
      Vocative
        noun: יָהּ Yah


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit <status="alternative">
    Fragment 
      Clause
        Subject
          pronoun: אַתָּה you <status="elided">
        Predicate
          verb: are
          Complement
            adjective: חֲסִין mighty
    Fragment <status="alternative">
      Vocative
        noun: יָהּ Yah

Copy to display elsewhere 

 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-9-Alternative-3 }}

Grammar Notes

No Grammar notes to display for this diagram. Other notes for v. 9

Note for v. 9

Associate with v-9-Alternative-3
  • Translations disagree on the line division (and thus on the syntax) of this verse. See, for example, the following translations:
  1. "Who is like you, Lord God of heavenly forces? Mighty Lord, your faithfulness surrounds you!" (CEB; cf. Jerome iuxta Hebr.; Dahood 1968, 308; see v. 9 preferred diagram, though, in addition to reading "Mighty Lord" as a vocative, the preferred diagram sees the question "who is like you" elided in the b-line).
  2. "O Lord God of hosts, who is as mighty as you, O Lord? Your faithfulness surrounds you" (NRSV, cf. NJPS, NLT, ESV, GNT, ELB, HFA, GNB; so also Peshitta, Targum; see v. 9 alternative 2 diagram).
  3. "O Lord God of hosts, who is like you? You are powerful, O Lord, and your truth is around you" (LXX, trans. NETS; cf. NIV, LUT, NGÜ, EÜ, ZÜR; so Baethgen 1904, 275; see v. 9 alternative 3 diagram).
  4. "Lord God of Hosts, who is like you? Your strength and faithfulness, Lord, are all around you" (REB, emending the text to חָסְנְךָ)
  • The Masoretic accents suggest the following line division (cf. de Hoop and Sanders 2022, §6.2): יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֱלֹ֘הֵ֤י צְבָא֗וֹת // מִֽי־כָֽמ֖וֹךָ חֲסִ֥ין ׀ יָ֑הּ // וֶ֝אֱמֽוּנָתְךָ֗ סְבִיבוֹתֶֽיךָ׃. According to this division, we would understand the text as NRSV et al. above. Cf. Exod 15:11—מִֽי־כָמֹ֤כָה בָּֽאֵלִם֙ יְהוָ֔ה מִ֥י כָּמֹ֖כָה נֶאְדָּ֣ר בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ.
  • The Septuagint preserves a different line division: יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאוֹת מִי־כָמוֹךָ // חֲסִין יָהּ וֶאֱמוּנָתְךָ סְבִיבוֹתֶיךָ. The line division of the Septuagint, which probably preserves an ancient Hebrew line division, is a better fit in the poetic context: every other verse in vv. 2-19 is a two-line verse. If we follow the Septuagint's line division, then there are three options for interpreting the syntax.
    • We could understand the text similar to how the LXX and the NIV have understood it (with an elided 2ms pronoun): "Who is like you, Lord God Almighty? You, Lord, are mighty, and your faithfulness surrounds you" (NIV).
    • We could understand "Yah" (rather than an elided 2ms pronoun) as the subject of the clause: "Yah is mighty, and your faithfulness is all around you." The sudden shift in person within the same line (3rd person "Yah" --> 2nd person "you") is somewhat jarring but not totally unprecedented (see e.g., Gen 49:4c [MT]; Ps 22:9 [MT]).
    • We could understand חֲסִין יָהּ as a vocative, "Mighty Yah" (cf. Jerome iuxta Hebr.: fortissime Domine), resulting in a nice AB//AB parallelism for v. 9. It could be that חֲסִין modifies יָהּ as an adjective, or, more likely, it could be that חֲסִין is a substantival adjective ("mighty one") in apposition to יָהּ: "Mighty one, Yah >> "Mighty Yah." For a substantival adjective functioning as a vocative, see e.g., Ps 32:11 (צַדִּיקִים); Ps 33:1 (צַדִּיקִים); Prov 1:22 (פְּתָיִם).

Lexical Notes

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Note for v. 9

Associate with v-9-Alternative-3
  • The word חָסִין is an adjective (borrowed from Aramaic) meaning "strong" (HALOT, DCH, BDB). See the entry on חסין in CAL. Cf. Amos 2:9: "strong (חָסֹן) as the oaks" (NIV). The Samaritan Aramaic Targum uses this word in its translation of Exod 15:11 (a passage that is very similar to Ps 89:9): "who is like You among the mighty? who is like You mighty (חסינה = נֶאְדָּר) in his holiness?"

Phrase-Level

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Note for v. 9

Associate with v-9-Alternative-3
  • The phrase יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹות is an "epithet of God with focus on his being in charge of the host of heavenly beings surrounding his throne, praising him, and carrying out his will on earth; ≈ as an epithet it relates to God's power and control of the cosmos as the divine king and warrior" (SDBH).

Verbal Notes

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Textual Notes

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