Psalm 89/Diagrams/31-40
From Psalms: Layer by Layer
vv. 31-33
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| אִם־יַֽעַזְב֣וּ בָ֭נָיו תּוֹרָתִ֑י | 31a | If his descendants reject my instruction |
| וּ֝בְמִשְׁפָּטַ֗י לֹ֣א יֵלֵכֽוּן׃ | 31b | and do not walk according to my rules; |
| אִם־חֻקֹּתַ֥י יְחַלֵּ֑לוּ | 32a | if they dishonor my decrees |
| וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י לֹ֣א יִשְׁמֹֽרוּ׃ | 32b | and do not keep my commands, |
| וּפָקַדְתִּ֣י בְשֵׁ֣בֶט פִּשְׁעָ֑ם | 33a | then I will punish their rebellion with a rod |
| וּבִנְגָעִ֥ים עֲוֺנָֽם׃ | 33b | and their iniquity with wounds. |
Macula
אִם־יַֽעַזְב֣וּ בָ֭נָיו תּוֹרָתִ֑י וּ֝בְמִשְׁפָּטַ֗י לֹ֣א יֵלֵכֽוּן׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 31-33]
Fragment
particle: וּ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: פָקַדְתִּי I will take notice of >> I will punish
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their rebellion">
noun: פִּשְׁע rebellion
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ with
Object
noun: שֵׁבֶט a rod
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: פָקַדְתִּי I will take notice of >> I will punish <status="elided">
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their iniquity">
noun: עֲוֺנ iniquity
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בִ with
Object
noun: נְגָעִים wounds
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: אִם if
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="his descendants">
noun: בָנָי sons >> descendants
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Predicate
verb: יַעַזְבוּ reject
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my instruction">
noun: תּוֹרָת instruction
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יֵלֵכוּן walk
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ in >> according to
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my rules">
noun: מִשְׁפָּט rules
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: אִם if
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְחַלֵּלוּ they profane >> they dishonor
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my decrees">
noun: חֻקֹּת decrees
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשְׁמֹרוּ keep
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my commands">
noun: מִצְוֺת commands
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
DiscourseUnit [vv. 31-33]
Fragment
particle: וּ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: פָקַדְתִּי I will take notice of >> I will punish
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their rebellion">
noun: פִּשְׁע rebellion
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ with
Object
noun: שֵׁבֶט a rod
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: פָקַדְתִּי I will take notice of >> I will punish <status="elided">
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their iniquity">
noun: עֲוֺנ iniquity
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בִ with
Object
noun: נְגָעִים wounds
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: אִם if
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="his descendants">
noun: בָנָי sons >> descendants
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Predicate
verb: יַעַזְבוּ reject
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my instruction">
noun: תּוֹרָת instruction
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יֵלֵכוּן walk
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ in >> according to
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my rules">
noun: מִשְׁפָּט rules
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: אִם if
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְחַלֵּלוּ they profane >> they dishonor
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my decrees">
noun: חֻקֹּת decrees
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשְׁמֹרוּ keep
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my commands">
noun: מִצְוֺת commands
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=vv-31-33-None }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
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Phrase-Level
Note for v. 31
- To "walk in" (בְּ) someone's rules is to "walk according to" (בְּ) those rules (cf. Ps 1:1). ESV: "If his children... do not walk according to my rules" (cf. GNT).
Verbal Notes
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Textual Notes
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v. 34
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וְ֭חַסְדִּי לֹֽא־אָפִ֣יר מֵֽעִמּ֑וֹ | 34a | But I will not annul my loyalty from being with him, |
| וְלֹֽא־אֲ֝שַׁקֵּ֗ר בֶּאֱמוּנָתִֽי׃ | 34b | and I will not deal falsely with my reliability. |
Macula
וְ֭חַסְדִּי לֹֽא־אָפִ֣יר מֵֽעִמּ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־אֲ֝שַׁקֵּ֗ר בֶּאֱמוּנָתִֽי׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 34]
Fragment
particle: וְ but
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָפִיר I will annul
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my loyalty">
noun: חַסְדּ loyalty
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מֵעִמּ from being with
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲשַׁקֵּר I will break faith
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בֶּ with
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my reliability">
noun: אֱמוּנָת reliability
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
DiscourseUnit [v. 34]
Fragment
particle: וְ but
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָפִיר I will annul
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my loyalty">
noun: חַסְדּ loyalty
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מֵעִמּ from being with
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲשַׁקֵּר I will break faith
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בֶּ with
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my reliability">
noun: אֱמוּנָת reliability
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-34-None }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes to display for this diagram.
Lexical Notes
Note for v. 34
- "Loyalty" and "faithfulness" are metonymies for "covenant" (cf. "covenant" in v. 35a). In Lev 26:44, for example, the object of the verb "annul" (הָפֵר) is "covenant," and in Ps 44:18, the object of the verb "deal falsely" (שִׁקַּרְנוּ) is also "covenant."
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 34
- On the prepositional phrase "from [being] with him" (מֵעִמּוֹ), cf. v. 25, where YHWH promised that his loyalty would always be "with him" (עִמּוֹ).
- The bet preposition in the phrase בֶּאֱמוּנָתִי is a bet of "social contact" (Jenni 1992, rubric 263). With the verb שׁקר (piel), it can indicate the person or thing with whom/which someone deals falsely (cf. Ps 44:18—וְלֹֽא־שִׁ֝קַּ֗רְנוּ בִּבְרִיתֶֽךָ)
Verbal Notes
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Textual Notes
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v. 35
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| לֹא־אֲחַלֵּ֥ל בְּרִיתִ֑י | 35a | I will not dishonor my covenant |
| וּמוֹצָ֥א שְׂ֝פָתַ֗י לֹ֣א אֲשַׁנֶּֽה׃ | 35b | or change what has come from my lips. |
Macula
לֹא־אֲחַלֵּ֥ל בְּרִיתִ֑י וּמוֹצָ֥א שְׂ֝פָתַ֗י לֹ֣א אֲשַׁנֶּֽה׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 35]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲחַלֵּל I will profane >> I will dishonor
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my covenant">
noun: בְּרִית covenant
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲשַׁנֶּה I will change
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="what has come from my lips">
noun: מוֹצָא what comes from
noun: שְׂפָת lip
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
DiscourseUnit [v. 35]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲחַלֵּל I will profane >> I will dishonor
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my covenant">
noun: בְּרִית covenant
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲשַׁנֶּה I will change
Adverbial
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="what has come from my lips">
noun: מוֹצָא what comes from
noun: שְׂפָת lip
suffix-pronoun: ַי me
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-35-None }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes to display for this diagram.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes to display for this diagram.
Verbal Notes
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Textual Notes
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vv. 36-38
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| אַ֭חַת נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּי בְקָדְשִׁ֑י | 36a | Once and for all I swear an oath by my holiness: ' |
| אִֽם־לְדָוִ֥ד אֲכַזֵּֽב׃ | 36b | I will not lie to David. |
| זַ֭רְעוֹ לְעוֹלָ֣ם יִהְיֶ֑ה | 37a | His descendants will be forever, |
| וְכִסְא֖וֹ כַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ נֶגְדִּֽי׃ | 37b | and his throne [will be] like the sun before me. |
| כְּ֭יָרֵחַ יִכּ֣וֹן עוֹלָ֑ם | 38a | Like the moon it will be established forever, |
| וְעֵ֥ד בַּ֝שַּׁ֗חַק נֶאֱמָ֥ן סֶֽלָה׃ | 38b | and [like] the witness in heaven [it will be] enduring.'" Selah. |
Macula
אַ֭חַת נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתִּי בְקָדְשִׁ֑י אִֽם־לְדָוִ֥ד אֲכַזֵּֽב׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 36-38]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי I swore an oath
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ by
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my holiness">
noun: קָדְשׁ holiness
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
Nominal
adjective: אַחַת once and for all
Object
ClauseCluster
Clause
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: אִם if
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲכַזֵּב I lie
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
noun: דָוִד David
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="his dynasty">
noun: זַרְע offspring >> dynasty
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Predicate
verb: יִהְיֶה will be
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="forever">
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
noun: עוֹלָם forever
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="his kingdom">
noun: כִסְא throne >> kingdom
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Predicate
verb: יִהְיֶה will be <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: נֶגְדּ before
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Complement
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כַ like
Object
noun: שֶּׁמֶשׁ sun
article: הַ the <status="elided">
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִכּוֹן it will be established
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like
Object
noun: יָרֵחַ moon
Adverbial
Nominal
noun: עוֹלָם forever
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: it will be
Complement
verb-participle: נֶאֱמָן enduring
Adverbial <gloss="like the witness">
Nominal
noun: עֵד witness
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="in heaven">
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
noun: שַּׁחַק heaven
article: הַ the
Fragment
particle: סֶלָה selah
DiscourseUnit [vv. 36-38]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: נִשְׁבַּעְתִּי I swore an oath
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ by
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my holiness">
noun: קָדְשׁ holiness
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Adverbial
Nominal
adjective: אַחַת once and for all
Object
ClauseCluster
Clause
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: אִם if
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֲכַזֵּב I lie
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
noun: דָוִד David
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="his dynasty">
noun: זַרְע offspring >> dynasty
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Predicate
verb: יִהְיֶה will be
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="forever">
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
noun: עוֹלָם forever
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="his kingdom">
noun: כִסְא throne >> kingdom
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Predicate
verb: יִהְיֶה will be <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: נֶגְדּ before
Object
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Complement
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כַ like
Object
noun: שֶּׁמֶשׁ sun
article: הַ the <status="elided">
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִכּוֹן it will be established
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like
Object
noun: יָרֵחַ moon
Adverbial
Nominal
noun: עוֹלָם forever
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: it will be
Complement
verb-participle: נֶאֱמָן enduring
Adverbial <gloss="like the witness">
Nominal
noun: עֵד witness
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="in heaven">
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
noun: שַּׁחַק heaven
article: הַ the
Fragment
particle: סֶלָה selah
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=vv-36-38-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for v. 36
- Verse 36b is, literally, "If I lie to David..." The apodosis is implied, as is normal in Hebrew oaths (cf. BHRG §45): "If I lie to David (then may I be cursed)" >> "I will not lie to David."
Note for v. 36
- The word אַחַת functions adverbially: "once [and for all]" (KJV, NIV, ESV, NET, CEV, GNT, so LXX: ἅπαξ; see also 2 Kgs 6:10; cf. IBHS §15.2.1f)
Note for v. 38
- For a discussion of the textual and grammatical issues in v. 38, see The Text and Meaning of Psalm89:38b.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes to display for this diagram.
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 36
- The bet preposition in the phrase בְקָדְשִׁי could be a bet of mode, indicating the attribute according to which YHWH swears: "in my holiness" (NLT). More likely, however, his "holiness" is the thing that YHWH swears by: "by my holiness" (NIV, ESV, GNT, NET, cf. LUT, NGÜ, EÜ, ZÜR; so Jenni 1992, rubric 1937; cf. Amos 4:2—נִשְׁבַּ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֤י יְהוִה֙ בְּקָדְשֹׁ֔ו; cf. Jer 51:14—נִשְׁבַּ֛ע יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֹ֖ות בְּנַפְשֹׁ֑ו; Gen 22:16—בִּ֥י נִשְׁבַּ֖עְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה). Whereas humans swear by YHWH's name (e.g., Josh 9:18), YHWH swears by his own name, or, in this case, by his own holiness.
Verbal Notes
Note for vv. 36-38
In the context, the verb "I swear" in v. 36 is probably a performative: "I hereby swear." YHWH seals all of the promises in vv. 22–35 with an oath. On performative qatal, see BHRG §19.2.3; Andrason 2012, §3.
Textual Notes
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Add Exegetical Note
v. 38 - Alternative 1
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 38 alternative 1]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb: will be
Complement
Nominal
noun: עֵד witness
Adjectival
verb-participle: נֶאֱמָן enduring
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
noun: שַּׁחַק heaven
article: הַ the
DiscourseUnit [v. 38 alternative 1]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb: will be
Complement
Nominal
noun: עֵד witness
Adjectival
verb-participle: נֶאֱמָן enduring
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
noun: שַּׁחַק heaven
article: הַ the
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-38-Alternative-1 }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes to display for this diagram.
Note for v. 38
- For a discussion of the textual and grammatical issues in v. 38, see The Text and Meaning of Psalm89:38b.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes to display for this diagram.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes to display for this diagram.
Verbal Notes
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Note for vv. 36-38
In the context, the verb "I swear" in v. 36 is probably a performative: "I hereby swear." YHWH seals all of the promises in vv. 22–35 with an oath. On performative qatal, see BHRG §19.2.3; Andrason 2012, §3.
Textual Notes
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Add Exegetical Note
v. 38 - Alternative 2
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 38 alternative 1]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
Nominal
noun: עֵד witness
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
noun: שַּׁחַק heaven
article: הַ the
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
verb-participle: נֶאֱמָן reliable
DiscourseUnit [v. 38 alternative 1]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Subject
Nominal
noun: עֵד witness
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
noun: שַּׁחַק heaven
article: הַ the
Predicate
verb: is
Complement
verb-participle: נֶאֱמָן reliable
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-38-Alternative-2 }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes to display for this diagram.
Note for v. 38
- For a discussion of the textual and grammatical issues in v. 38, see The Text and Meaning of Psalm89:38b.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes to display for this diagram.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes to display for this diagram.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.
Note for vv. 36-38
In the context, the verb "I swear" in v. 36 is probably a performative: "I hereby swear." YHWH seals all of the promises in vv. 22–35 with an oath. On performative qatal, see BHRG §19.2.3; Andrason 2012, §3.
Textual Notes
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v. 38 - Alternative 3
(Alternative); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 38 alternative 3]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb: will be
Complement
verb-participle: נֶאֱמָן reliable
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="as long as heaven remains">
Preposition
preposition: בְּ while <status="emendation">
Object
Clause
Subject
Nominal
noun: שַּׁחַק heaven
article: הַ the
Predicate
verb: is
Adverbial
adverb: עוֹד still <status="revocalization">
DiscourseUnit [v. 38 alternative 3]
Fragment <status="alternative">
Clause
Predicate
verb: will be
Complement
verb-participle: נֶאֱמָן reliable
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="as long as heaven remains">
Preposition
preposition: בְּ while <status="emendation">
Object
Clause
Subject
Nominal
noun: שַּׁחַק heaven
article: הַ the
Predicate
verb: is
Adverbial
adverb: עוֹד still <status="revocalization">
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-38-Alternative-3 }}
Grammar Notes
No Grammar notes to display for this diagram.
Note for v. 38
- For a discussion of the textual and grammatical issues in v. 38, see The Text and Meaning of Psalm89:38b.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes to display for this diagram.
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes to display for this diagram.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.
Note for vv. 36-38
In the context, the verb "I swear" in v. 36 is probably a performative: "I hereby swear." YHWH seals all of the promises in vv. 22–35 with an oath. On performative qatal, see BHRG §19.2.3; Andrason 2012, §3.
Textual Notes
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v. 39
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| וְאַתָּ֣ה זָ֭נַחְתָּ וַתִּמְאָ֑ס | 39a | But you have rejected and refused! |
| הִ֝תְעַבַּ֗רְתָּ עִם־מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃ | 39b | You have become furious with your anointed one. |
Macula
וְאַתָּ֣ה זָ֭נַחְתָּ וַתִּמְאָ֑ס הִ֝תְעַבַּ֗רְתָּ עִם־מְשִׁיחֶֽךָ׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 39]
Fragment
particle: וְ but
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
pronoun: אַתָּה you
Predicate
verb: זָנַחְתָּ have rejected
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: תִּמְאָס refused
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: הִתְעַבַּרְתָּ you have become furious
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עִם with
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="your anointed one">
noun: מְשִׁיחֶ anointed one
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
DiscourseUnit [v. 39]
Fragment
particle: וְ but
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
pronoun: אַתָּה you
Predicate
verb: זָנַחְתָּ have rejected
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: תִּמְאָס refused
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: הִתְעַבַּרְתָּ you have become furious
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עִם with
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="your anointed one">
noun: מְשִׁיחֶ anointed one
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-39-None }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
Note for v. 39
- The verb הִתְעַבַּרְתָּ is a relatively rare word for anger: "state in which deities experience deep anger" (SDBH; cf. Ps 78:21, 59, 62; cf. the noun עֶבְרָה). "Within the wider OT word field 'anger, wrath,' as covered by several other terms as well (ʾap̱, ḥēmâ, ḥārôn, zaʿam, zaʿap̱, qeṣep̱, kaʿas), ʿeḇrâ probably evokes specifically the element of unbridled emotion within anger as manifested in corresponding actions" (TDOT). Hence the gloss: "become furious."
Phrase-Level
No Phrasal notes to display for this diagram.
Verbal Notes
Note for v. 39
This section (vv. 39-46) is dominated by qatal verbs. They are glossed as present perfects because, although they refer to past events, the focus is on their present significance.
Note for v. 39
On the wayyiqtol, see the note on v. 20.
Textual Notes
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v. 40
| Hebrew | Verse | English |
|---|---|---|
| נֵ֭אַרְתָּה בְּרִ֣ית עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ | 40a | You have renounced the covenant with your servant. |
| חִלַּ֖לְתָּ לָאָ֣רֶץ נִזְרֽוֹ׃ | 40b | You have thrown his crown down to the ground as something profane. |
Macula
נֵ֭אַרְתָּה בְּרִ֣ית עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ חִלַּ֖לְתָּ לָאָ֣רֶץ נִזְרֽוֹ׃
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 40]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: נֵאַרְתָּה you have renounced
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the covenant with your servant">
noun: בְּרִית covenant
noun: עַבְדֶּ servant
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: חִלַּלְתָּ you have thrown as something profane
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his crown">
noun: נִזְר crown
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="down to the ground">
Preposition
preposition: לָ towards
Object
noun: אָרֶץ earth
article: הָ the <status="elided">
DiscourseUnit [v. 40]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: נֵאַרְתָּה you have renounced
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the covenant with your servant">
noun: בְּרִית covenant
noun: עַבְדֶּ servant
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: חִלַּלְתָּ you have thrown as something profane
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his crown">
noun: נִזְר crown
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="down to the ground">
Preposition
preposition: לָ towards
Object
noun: אָרֶץ earth
article: הָ the <status="elided">
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-40-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for v. 40
- Note the unusual long spelling of נֵאַרְתָּה (instead of נֵאַרְתָּ) (cf. JM §121f, who notes that the long form occurs "sporadically for no apparent reason").
Lexical Notes
Note for v. 40
- "repudiate" (so HALOT; cf. Lam 2:7 [also collocated with זנח]). Cf. LXX: "you renounced (κατέστρεψας) the covenant" (trans. NETS).
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 40
- The phrase לָאָרֶץ, which occurs in v. 40 and v. 45, means "down to the ground" (HALOT; cf. Pss 7:6; 143:3; esp. Ps 74:7—לָ֝אָ֗רֶץ חִלְּל֥וּ מִֽשְׁכַּן־שְׁמֶֽךָ). In v. 40, it implies some verb of motion. Some translations add a verb of motion in addition to the abstract verb "profaned" (חלל). See e.g., KJV: "thou hast profaned his crown by casting it to the ground" (KJV). So Radak: חללת אותו והפלת אותו לארץ. But it is also possible that motion is implied in the verb "profane" itself. See e.g., Ezek 28:16—"I cast you as a profane thing (וָאֶחַלֶּלְךָ) from the mountain of God (מֵהַר אֱלֹהִים)" (NRSV).
Note for v. 40
- The construct chain בְּרִית עַבְדֶּךָ ("the covenant of your servant") is probably elliptical for בְּרִיתְךָ אֶת־עַבְדֶּךָ ("your covenant with your servant") (e.g., Jer 33:21 בְּרִיתִי … אֶת־דָּוִד עַבְדִּי; cf. בְּרִית אֲבֹתֶיךָ in Deut 4:31; cf. Targum: קיים דעם עבדך).
Verbal Notes
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Textual Notes
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Add Exegetical Note
Appendix
Files
Diagrams
Notes
- Grammar.v. 10.207897
- Grammar.v. 13.876028
- Grammar.v. 16.531942
- Grammar.v. 17.360581
- Grammar.v. 18.684345
- Grammar.v. 19.678482
- Grammar.v. 2.138915
- Grammar.v. 20.368600
- Grammar.v. 20.559180
- Grammar.v. 22.285615
- Grammar.v. 29.548204
- Grammar.v. 30.345337
- Grammar.v. 30.600943
- Grammar.v. 30.808163
- Grammar.v. 36.408372
- Grammar.v. 36.658719
- Grammar.v. 38.722784
- Grammar.v. 40.513963
- Grammar.v. 44.125264
- Grammar.v. 44.881728
- Grammar.v. 45.44562
- Grammar.v. 45.857278
- Grammar.v. 47.60751
- Grammar.v. 47.730644
- Grammar.v. 48.277131
- Grammar.v. 48.714468
- Grammar.v. 49.757993
- Grammar.v. 50.157084
- Grammar.v. 51.619282
- Grammar.v. 52.664625
- Grammar.v. 8.273344
- Grammar.v. 8.659972
- Grammar.v. 9.352959
- Grammar.vv. 3-5.687627
- Grammar.vv. 3-5.69361
- Lexical.v. 1.873868
- Lexical.v. 10.924159
- Lexical.v. 11.74540
- Lexical.v. 13.388041
- Lexical.v. 15.180206
- Lexical.v. 16.541812
- Lexical.v. 16.80987
- Lexical.v. 17.903245
- Lexical.v. 20.777950
- Lexical.v. 21.304115
- Lexical.v. 23.938186
- Lexical.v. 26.524079
- Lexical.v. 28.375337
- Lexical.v. 34.935681
- Lexical.v. 39.509588
- Lexical.v. 4.712945
- Lexical.v. 40.561110
- Lexical.v. 44.131914
- Lexical.v. 45.247038
- Lexical.v. 49.362315
- Lexical.v. 52.736397
- Lexical.v. 6.110242
- Lexical.v. 6.468441
- Lexical.v. 7.583345
- Lexical.v. 9.66764
- Lexical.vv. 2, 3, 6, 9, 25, 34, 50.688169
- Lexical.vv. 2-3, 15, 20, 25, 29, 34, 50.954496
- Lexical.vv. 3, 5.147233
- Lexical.vv. 5, 15, 30, 37, 45.925579
- Lexical.vv. 6, 8.993353
- Lexical.vv. 7, 38.318143
- Phrasal.v. 11.41283
- Phrasal.v. 11.42923
- Phrasal.v. 12.961786
- Phrasal.v. 13.502928
- Phrasal.v. 14.998124
- Phrasal.v. 16.197750
- Phrasal.v. 17.166173
- Phrasal.v. 18.364801
- Phrasal.v. 18.453828
- Phrasal.v. 2.59062
- Phrasal.v. 20.338748
- Phrasal.v. 20.884315
- Phrasal.v. 21.69202
- Phrasal.v. 22.424133
- Phrasal.v. 23.255016
- Phrasal.v. 23.614058
- Phrasal.v. 24.540677
- Phrasal.v. 25.958066
- Phrasal.v. 27.516881
- Phrasal.v. 28.843225
- Phrasal.v. 29.938624
- Phrasal.v. 31.253936
- Phrasal.v. 34.948581
- Phrasal.v. 36.359953
- Phrasal.v. 4.983719
- Phrasal.v. 40.216648
- Phrasal.v. 40.781903
- Phrasal.v. 41.283078
- Phrasal.v. 42.435649
- Phrasal.v. 44.750881
- Phrasal.v. 45.776814
- Phrasal.v. 47.295098
- Phrasal.v. 48.828590
- Phrasal.v. 49.485743
- Phrasal.v. 7.289739
- Phrasal.v. 7.706763
- Phrasal.v. 8.925215
- Phrasal.v. 9.923290
- Verbal.v. 10.568289
- Verbal.v. 16.878489
- Verbal.v. 2.441395
- Verbal.v. 20.778986
- Verbal.v. 29.233482
- Verbal.v. 39.103704
- Verbal.v. 39.159884
- Verbal.v. 44.465299
- Verbal.v. 53.890660
- Verbal.v. 6.907002
- Verbal.vv. 21-22.416209
- Verbal.vv. 3-5.446520
- Verbal.vv. 3-5.85994
- Verbal.vv. 36-38.806886
- Verbal.vv. 7-8.16568
- Verbal.vv. 7-8.272262
Approvals
Current Grammar status is not set for version not set. Current Lexical status is not set for version not set.