Psalm 89/Diagrams/10

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v. 10

Hebrew Verse English
אַתָּ֣ה מ֭וֹשֵׁל בְּגֵא֣וּת הַיָּ֑ם 10a You rule over the swelling of the sea.
בְּשׂ֥וֹא גַ֝לָּ֗יו אַתָּ֥ה תְשַׁבְּחֵֽם׃ 10b When its waves rise up, you control them.

Macula

אַתָּ֣ה מ֭וֹשֵׁל בְּגֵא֣וּת הַיָּ֑ם בְּשׂ֥וֹא גַ֝לָּ֗יו אַתָּ֥ה תְשַׁבְּחֵֽם׃



Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 10]
    Fragment
      Clause
        Subject
          pronoun: אַתָּה you
        Predicate
          verb-participle: מוֹשֵׁל rule
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בְּ over
              Object
                ConstructChain <gloss="the swelling of the sea">
                  noun: גֵאוּת swelling
                  Nominal
                    noun: יָּם sea
                    article: הַ the
    Fragment
      Clause
        Subject
          pronoun: אַתָּה you
        Predicate
          verb: תְשַׁבְּח control
          Object
            suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="when its waves rise up">
              Preposition
                preposition: בְּ when
              Object
                Clause
                  Subject
                    ConstructChain 
                      noun: גַלָּי waves
                      suffix-pronoun: ו it
                  Predicate
                    verb-infinitive: שׂוֹא lifting up


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit [v. 10]
    Fragment
      Clause
        Subject
          pronoun: אַתָּה you
        Predicate
          verb-participle: מוֹשֵׁל rule
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בְּ over
              Object
                ConstructChain <gloss="the swelling of the sea">
                  noun: גֵאוּת swelling
                  Nominal
                    noun: יָּם sea
                    article: הַ the
    Fragment
      Clause
        Subject
          pronoun: אַתָּה you
        Predicate
          verb: תְשַׁבְּח control
          Object
            suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="when its waves rise up">
              Preposition
                preposition: בְּ when
              Object
                Clause
                  Subject
                    ConstructChain 
                      noun: גַלָּי waves
                      suffix-pronoun: ו it
                  Predicate
                    verb-infinitive: שׂוֹא lifting up

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-10-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 10

  • The form שׂוֹא is unique in the Bible. Most interpreters understand it to be an infinitive construct from the common verb נשׂא ("rise"): "when its waves rise, you still them" (ESV; cf. KJV, NIV) >> "When its waves surge, you calm them" (NET). Elsewhere, however, the infinitive construct of נשׂא is usually שֵׂאת and sometimes נְשֹׂא, but never שׂוֹא (cf. GKC 76b). Furthermore, the qal of נשׂא is usually transitive ("to lift something"), whereas here it is intransitive or reflexive ("to be lifted, to lift themselves;" cf. Rashi: "= בהנשא גליו"; Ibn Ezra and Radak: "=בהתרומם;" Targum: מִתְנַטְלִין גַלוֹי) (though for examples of intransitive נשׂא qal, see e.g., Ps 24:9b; Nah 1:5). For these reasons, some interpreters emend בְּשׂוֹא ("at the rising") to בִּשְׁאֹן ("at the roaring," BHS, HALOT; so NEB; cf. the phrase שְׁאֹון גַּלֵּיהֶם in Ps 65:8; see also Isa 17:12; Jer 51:55). It is possible that the Septuagint supports this reading (בִּשְׁאֹן). The Septuagint uses the noun σάλος, which refers to the "surge" or "rolling swell of the sea" (Liddell, Scott, Jones, et al., 1996, 1582): "and the surge of its waves you calm" (LXX, trans. NETS). It is also possible, however, that the Septuagint is giving a dynamic equivalent of בְּשׂוֹא (so also Symmachus, Jerome [iuxta Hebr.]). In either case—whether the waves are "rising" or "roaring"—there is little difference in meaning.

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 10

  • The verb שׁבח (piel) in v. 10b means to "calm" or "still" (so BDB, HALOT, DCH, cf. Prov 29:11; Ps 65:8 [hiphil]). LXX: καταπραΰνεις, "soften down, appease" (LSJ).

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Verbal Notes

Verbal Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 10

The participle indicates continuous action (cf. BHRG §20.3.3). YHWH is the ruler of the sea, and he is constantly governing its swelling.

Textual Notes

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