Psalm 88 Test Phrase-Level
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Psalm 88/Test/Phrase-Level
Among the Dead
Psalm 88
Psalm 88 Phrase-Level Analysis & Diagrams
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About the Phrasal Layer
Phrasal Visuals for Psalm 88
V. 1
Preferred
V. 2
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 2]
Fragment
Vocative
Apposition
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
ConstructChain <gloss="the god that saves me >> the God of my salvation">
noun: אֱלֹהֵי God
ConstructChain
noun: יְשׁוּעָת salvation
suffix-pronoun: ִי me
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: צָעַקְתִּי I have been crying out
Adverbial <gloss="in the day" y="-20">
noun: יוֹם day
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: צָעַקְתִּי I have been crying out <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: נֶגְדֶּ before
Object
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="at night">
Preposition
preposition: בַ in
Object
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: לַּיְלָה night
Vv. 3-4
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 3-4]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="my prayer">
noun: תְּפִלָּתִ prayer
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate <gloss="may find favor with you">
verb: תָּבוֹא may come
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְפָנֶי before
Object
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Clause
Predicate
verb: הַטֵּה incline
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="your ear">
noun: אָזְנְ ear
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my cry">
noun: רִנָּתִ shout >> cry
suffix-pronoun: י me
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי for
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="I">
noun: נַפְשִׁ soul >> 'personal pronoun'
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate
verb: שָׂבְעָה has one's fill >> is weary
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="of troubles" >
Preposition
preposition: בְ in
Object
noun: רָעוֹת troubles
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="my life">
noun: חַיַּ life
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate
verb: הִגִּיעוּ has reached
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="Sheol">
Preposition
preposition: לִ to
Object
noun: שְׁאוֹל Sheol
V. 5
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 5]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: נֶחְשַׁבְתִּי I have been counted >> I am counted
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עִם with
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="those who go down to the Pit">
Nominal
verb-participle: יוֹרְדֵי going down
Nominal
noun: בוֹר Pit
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: הָיִיתִי I have become
Complement
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="just like a man">
Preposition
preposition: כְּ as
Object
Nominal
noun: גֶבֶר man
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle <status="elided">
particle: אֲשֵׁר that
Clause
Subject
noun: אֱיָל strength
Predicate <gloss="who has no strength">
adverb: אֵין there is no
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <status="elided">
Preposition
preposition: ל to
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him <located="relative clause head">
V. 6
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 6]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: אֲנִי I <status="elided">
Predicate
Complement
adjective: חָפְשִׁי free >> outcast
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="among the dead">
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: מֵּתִים dead ones
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="just like the slain">
Preposition
preposition: כְּמוֹ as
Object
Nominal
noun: חֲלָלִים slain ones
Adjectival
ConstructChain <gloss="who are lying in the tomb">
verb-participle: שֹׁכְבֵי lying
noun: קֶבֶר tomb
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: אֲשֵׁר that
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate <gloss="whom you do not remember anymore">
verb: זְכַרְתָּ you have remembered >> you remember
Object
suffix-pronoun: ם them <located="relative clause head">
adverb: לֹא not
adverb: עוֹד anymore
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
noun: הֵמָּה they
Predicate <gloss="and [who] have been cut off">
verb: נִגְזָרוּ have been cut off
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="from your care">
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
Nominal
ConstructChain
noun: יָּדְ hand >> care
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
V. 7
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 7]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: שַׁתַּ you have put
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the lowest pit" x="-120" y="30">
noun: בוֹר pit
Nominal
adjective: תַּחְתִּיּוֹת lowest
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
noun: מַחֲשַׁכִּים dark places
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בִּ in
Object
noun: מְצֹלוֹת watery depths
Adverbial <status="emendation alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
noun: צַלְמָוֶת deep shadow
V. 8
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 8]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="your outbursts of wrath">
noun: חֲמָתֶ wrath >> outbursts of wrath
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: סָמְכָה has been lying heavily >> have been lying heavily
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עָלַ on
Object
suffix-pronoun: י me
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: עִנִּיתָ you have been afflicting
Adverbial
Nominal <gloss="with all your waves">
quantifier: כָל all
ConstructChain <gloss="your waves">
noun: מִשְׁבָּרֶי waves
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Fragment
particle: סֶּלָה selah
V. 9
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 9]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate <gloss="you have caused to shun me">
verb: הִרְחַקְתָּ you have made distant >> you have caused to shun
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my acquaintances">
verb-participle: מְיֻדָּעַ acquaintances
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִמֶּ from
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִּי me
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: שַׁתַּ you have made
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Complement
noun: תוֹעֵבוֹת abominations >> repulsive
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ to
Object
suffix-pronoun: מוֹ them
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: שַׁתַּ you have made <status='elided'>
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me <status='elided'>
Complement
Nominal
verb-participle: כָּלֻא shut in
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֵצֵא I can get out
adverb: לֹא not
V. 10
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 10]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="my eyes">
noun: עֵינִ eye >> eyes
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate
verb: דָאֲבָה has languished >> have languished
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִנִּי from
Object
noun: עֹנִי misery
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: קְרָאתִי I have been calling
Object
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="every day">
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
quantifier: כָל every
noun: יוֹם day
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: שִׁטַּחְתִּי I have been spreading out
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my hands">
noun: כַפָּ hands
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: אֵלֶי to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
V. 11
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 11]
Fragment
particle: הֲ (interrogative particle)
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תַּעֲשֶׂה you perform
Object
noun: פֶּלֶא wonder >> wonders
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ for
Object
Nominal
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: מֵּתִים dead ones
Fragment
particle: אִם (interrogative particle)
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: רְפָאִים departed spirits
Predicate <gloss="rise up to praise you">
Predicate
verb: יָקוּמוּ rise up
Conjunction
conjunction:
Predicate
verb: יוֹדוּ [and] praise >> to praise
Object
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Fragment
particle: סֶּלָה selah
V. 12
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 12]
Fragment
particle: הַ (interrogative particle)
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="your faithful love">
noun: חַסְדֶּ faithful love
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: יְסֻפַּר is recounted
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
Nominal
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: קֶּבֶר tomb
Conjunction
conjunction: וֶ <status="elided">
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="your faithfulness">
noun: אֱמוּנָתְ faithfulness
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: תְּסֻפַּר is recounted <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בָּ in
Object
Nominal
article: הָ the <status="elided">
noun: אֲבַדּוֹן place of destruction
V. 13
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 13]
Fragment
particle: הֲ /interrogative particle\
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="your wonders">
noun: פִּלְאֶ wonder >> wonders
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: יִוָּדַע can be known
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
Nominal
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: חֹשֶׁךְ darkness >> dark region
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="your righteousness">
noun: צִדְקָתְ righteousness
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: תִּוָּדַע can be known <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the land of oblivion">
noun: אֶרֶץ land
noun: נְשִׁיָּה oblivion
V. 14
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 14]
Fragment
particle: וַ but
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: אֲנִי I
Predicate
verb: שִׁוַּעְתִּי have been crying out for help
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: אֵלֶי to
Object
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="my prayer">
noun: תְּֽפִלָּתִ prayer
suffix-pronoun: י me
Predicate
verb: תְקַדְּמֶ will keep welcoming
Object
suffix-pronoun: ךָּ you
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַ in
Object
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: בֹּקֶר morning
V. 15
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 15]
Fragment
Vocative
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תִּזְנַח you keep rejecting
adverb: לָמָה why
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="me">
noun: נַפְשִׁ soul >> 'personal pronoun'
suffix-pronoun: י me
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: תַּסְתִּיר you keep hiding
adverb: לָמָה why <status='elided'>
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="your face">
noun: פָּנֶי face
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִמֶּ from
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִּי me
V. 16
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 16]
Fragment [v. 16a]
Clause
Subject
noun: אֲנִי I
Predicate
Complement
adjective: עָנִי am afflicted >> have been afflicted
conjunction: וְ and
verb-participle: גוֵעַ am close to death >> have been close to death
conjunction:
verb-participle: יָגֵעַ am weary >> have been weary <status="alternative emendation">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
noun: נֹּעַר youth
Fragment [v. 16b]
Clause
Predicate
verb: נָשָׂאתִי I have been bearing >> I have been suffering
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="your terrifying assaults">
noun: אֵמֶי terrors >> terrifying assaults
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Fragment [v. 16c]
Clause
Predicate
verb: אֶפּוֹרָה I keep being torn apart <status="emendation">
verb: אָפוּגָה I keep being numb <status="alternative emendation">
verb: אָפוּנָה <status="alternative">
V. 17
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 17]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="your outbursts of wrath">
noun: חֲרוֹנֶי wrath >> outbursts of wrath
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate <gloss="have been sweeping over me" x="-130" y="-60">
verb: עָבְרוּ have been sweeping over
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עָלַ on
Object
suffix-pronoun: י me
Fragment
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="your terrifying assaults">
noun: בִּעוּתֶי terrors >> terrifying assaults
suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
Predicate
verb: צִמְּתוּ have been destroying <status="emendation" suffix="נִי">
verb: צִמְּתוּתֻ <status="alternative" suffix="נִי">
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
V. 18
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 18]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: סַבּוּ they have been surrounding
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִי me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כַ like
Object
article: הַ the <status="elided">
noun: מַּיִם water
Adverbial <gloss="all the time >> constantly" x="-90" y="-20">
Nominal
quantifier: כָּל all
article: הַ the
noun: יּוֹם day
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: הִקִּיפוּ they have been closing in
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עָלַ on
Object
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
adverb: יָחַד together
V. 19
Preferred
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 19]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate <gloss="you have caused to shun me">
verb: הִרְחַקְתָּ you have made distant >> you have caused to shun
Object <gloss="all my friends and companions">
Nominal
verb-participle: אֹהֵב friend
Conjunction
conjunction: וָ and
noun: רֵעַ companion
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִמֶּ from
Object
suffix-pronoun: נִּי me
Fragment
Clause
Predicate <gloss="you have caused to shun distres">
verb: הִרְחַקְתָּ you have made distant >> you have caused to shun <status="elided">
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="my acquaintances">
verb-participle: מְיֻדָּעַ acquaintances
suffix-pronoun: י me
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase <status="revocalization">
Preposition
preposition: מֵ from
Object
noun: חֹשֶׁךְ darkness >> distress
Adverbial <status="alternative">
noun: מַחְשָׁךְ into darkness