Psalm 78/Text/Table

Other links: Psalm 78/Admin; Psalm 78/At-a-glance

Note that when verses are numbered with periods (e.g. 1.1, 1.2, it indicates the lineation is based on clauses. Numbering with letters (e.g. 1a, 1b indicates poetic lines.)

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Text (Hebrew)	Verse	Text (CBC)
מַשְׂכִּ֗יל לְאָ֫סָ֥ף	1a	A "maskil." By Asaph.
הַאֲזִינָה עַ֭מִּי תּוֹרָתִ֑י	1b	Listen, my people, to my teaching;
הַטּ֥וּ אָ֝זְנְכֶ֗ם לְאִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃	1c	turn your ear to the words of my mouth.
אֶפְתְּחָ֣ה בְמָשָׁ֣ל פִּ֑י	2a	Let me open up my mouth with a parable;
אַבִּ֥יעָה חִ֝יד֗וֹת מִנִּי־קֶֽדֶם׃	2b	let me pour out puzzling problems from long ago.
אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁ֭מַעְנוּ וַנֵּדָעֵ֑ם	3a	The things which we heard and which we learned
וַ֝אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָֽנוּ׃	3b	and our ancestors told us,
לֹ֤א נְכַחֵ֨ד ׀ מִבְּנֵיהֶ֗ם לְד֥וֹר אַחֲר֗וֹן	4a	we will not hide from their children in the latest generation,
מְֽ֭סַפְּרִים תְּהִלּ֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה	4b	proclaiming the praiseworthy deeds of YHWH
וֶעֱזוּז֥וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָֽׂה׃	4c	and his power and his wonderful deeds which he has accomplished:
וַיָּ֤קֶם עֵד֨וּת ׀ בְּֽיַעֲקֹ֗ב	5a	how he established a testimony among Jacob
וְתוֹרָה֮ שָׂ֤ם בְּיִשְׂרָ֫אֵ֥ל	5b	and set up a teaching among Israel,
אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִ֭וָּה אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֑ינוּ	5c	which he commanded our ancestors
לְ֝הוֹדִיעָ֗ם לִבְנֵיהֶֽם׃	5d	to teach them to their children,
לְמַ֤עַן יֵדְע֨וּ ׀ דּ֣וֹר אַ֭חֲרוֹן	6a	so that the latest generation might know
בָּנִ֣ים יִוָּלֵ֑דוּ	6b	—children who were yet to be born—
יָ֝קֻ֗מוּ וִֽיסַפְּרוּ לִבְנֵיהֶֽם׃	6c	[that] they might begin to tell their children
וְיָשִׂ֥ימוּ בֵֽאלֹהִ֗ים כִּ֫סְלָ֥ם	7a	and they might put their trust in God,
וְלֹ֣א יִ֭שְׁכְּחוּ מַֽעַלְלֵי־אֵ֑ל	7b	[so that] they might not forget God's deeds
וּמִצְוֺתָ֥יו יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃	7c	but might obey his commands
וְלֹ֤א יִהְי֨וּ ׀ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֗ם	8a	and might not be like their ancestors,
דּוֹר֮ סוֹרֵ֪ר וּמֹ֫רֶ֥ה	8b	a stubborn and rebellious generation,
דּ֭וֹר לֹא־הֵכִ֣ין לִבּ֑וֹ	8c	a generation who was not committed in their heart
וְלֹא־נֶאֶמְנָ֖ה אֶת־אֵ֣ל רוּחֽוֹ׃	8d	and whose mind was not faithful to God.
בְּֽנֵי־אֶפְרַ֗יִם נוֹשְׁקֵ֥י רוֹמֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת	9a	Ephraimites, armed [with a bow], archers,
הָ֝פְכ֗וּ בְּי֣וֹם קְרָֽב׃	9b	turned back on a day of battle.
לֹ֣א שָׁ֭מְרוּ בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֑ים	10a	They did not keep the covenant of God
וּ֝בְתוֹרָת֗וֹ מֵאֲנ֥וּ לָלֶֽכֶת׃	10b	and they refused to walk in his teaching,
וַיִּשְׁכְּח֥וּ עֲלִילוֹתָ֑יו	11a	in that they forgot his deeds
וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶרְאָֽם׃	11b	and [they forgot] his wonders which he had shown them.
נֶ֣גֶד אֲ֭בוֹתָם עָ֣שָׂה פֶ֑לֶא	12a	Before their ancestors he performed miracles
בְּאֶ֖רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם שְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃	12b	in the land of Egypt, the region of Zoan.
בָּ֣קַע יָ֭ם וַיַּֽעֲבִירֵ֑ם	13a	He divided the sea and brought them through;
וַֽיַּצֶּב־מַ֥יִם כְּמוֹ־נֵֽד׃	13b	he made the waters stand like a heap.
וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם בֶּעָנָ֣ן יוֹמָ֑ם	14a	He led them by cloud during the day
וְכָל־הַ֝לַּ֗יְלָה בְּא֣וֹר אֵֽשׁ׃	14b	and [he led them] all night by fire light.
יְבַקַּ֣ע צֻ֭רִים בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר	15a	He would split rocks in the wilderness
וַ֝יַּ֗שְׁקְ כִּתְהֹמ֥וֹת רַבָּֽה׃	15b	and provide drinking water abundantly, as from oceans.
וַיּוֹצִ֣א נוֹזְלִ֣ים מִסָּ֑לַע	16a	He would bring streams out from rock
וַיּוֹרֶד כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת מָֽיִם׃	16b	and make water flow down like rivers.
וַיּוֹסִ֣יפוּ ע֭וֹד לַחֲטֹא־ל֑וֹ	17a	But again they sinned against him;
לַֽמְר֥וֹת עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן בַּצִּיָּֽה׃	17b	again they rebelled against the Most High in the desert.
וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵ֥ל בִּלְבָבָ֑ם	18a	They put God to the test in their thoughts,
לִשְׁאָל־אֹ֥כֶל לְנַפְשָֽׁם׃	18b	by asking for food for their throat.
וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים	19a	They spoke against God
אָ֭מְרוּ | הֲי֣וּכַל אֵ֑ל	19b	saying: "Is God able
לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃	19c	to prepare a table in the wilderness?
הֵ֤ן הִכָּה־צ֨וּר ׀ וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מַיִם֮	20a	Since he struck a rock so that waters gushed out
וּנְחָלִ֪ים יִ֫שְׁטֹ֥פוּ	20b	and streams began to flow,
הֲגַם־לֶ֭חֶם יוּכַל תֵּ֑ת	20c	is he able to give bread, too?
אִם־יָכִ֖ין שְׁאֵ֣ר לְעַמּֽוֹ׃	20d	Or can he provide meat for his people?"
לָכֵ֤ן ׀ שָׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֥ר	21a	Therefore, when YHWH heard he became furious;
וְ֭אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָ֣ה בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב	21b	fire flared up against Jacob
וְגַם־אַ֝֗ף עָלָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃	21c	and also anger rose against Israel,
כִּ֤י לֹ֣א הֶ֭אֱמִינוּ בֵּאלֹהִ֑ים	22a	because they had not believed in God
וְלֹ֥א בָ֝טְח֗וּ בִּֽישׁוּעָתֽוֹ׃	22b	and they had not trusted in his provision.
וַיְצַ֣ו שְׁחָקִ֣ים מִמָּ֑עַל	23a	So he ordered clouds from above
וְדַלְתֵ֖י שָׁמַ֣יִם פָּתָֽח׃	23b	and opened heavenly doors;
וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מָ֣ן לֶאֱכֹ֑ל	24a	he rained down upon them manna to eat
וּדְגַן־שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃	24b	and he gave them grain from heaven.
לֶ֣חֶם אַ֭בִּירִים אָ֣כַל אִ֑ישׁ	25a	People ate bread of angels;
צֵידָ֬ה שָׁלַ֖ח לָהֶ֣ם לָשֹֽׂבַע׃	25b	he sent them provisions until they were satisfied.
יַסַּ֣ע קָ֭דִים בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם	26a	He caused an east wind to blow in the sky
וַיְנַהֵ֖ג בְּעֻזּ֣וֹ תֵימָֽן׃	26b	and he drove a south wind with his might.
וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּעָפָ֣ר שְׁאֵ֑ר	27a	So he made meat rain upon them as dust
וּֽכְח֥וֹל יַ֝מִּ֗ים ע֣וֹף כָּנָֽף׃	27b	and [he made] winged birds [rain upon them] as the sand on the seashore,
וַ֭יַּפֵּל בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֵ֑הוּ	28a	and he made them fall inside his camp,
סָ֝בִ֗יב לְמִשְׁכְּנֹתָֽיו׃	28b	all around his tents.
וַיֹּאכְל֣וּ וַיִּשְׂבְּע֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד	29a	So they ate and were completely satisfied;
וְ֝תַֽאֲוָתָ֗ם יָבִ֥א לָהֶֽם׃	29b	when he brought them what they craved.
לֹא־זָר֥וּ מִתַּאֲוָתָ֑ם	30a	They had not turned away from the object of their craving
ע֝֗וֹד אָכְלָ֥ם בְּפִיהֶֽם׃	30b	—their food was still in their mouth—
וְאַ֤ף אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ עָ֘לָ֤ה בָהֶ֗ם	31a	when the anger of God rose against them
וַֽ֭יַּהֲרֹג בְּמִשְׁמַנֵּיהֶ֑ם	31b	and he killed some of their strong men
וּבַחוּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִכְרִֽיעַ׃	31c	and he struck down young men of Israel.
בְּכָל־זֹ֭את חָֽטְאוּ־ע֑וֹד	32a	In spite of this, they sinned again
וְלֹֽא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ בְּנִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו׃	32b	and did not trust in his wonderful deeds,
וַיְכַל־בַּהֶ֥בֶל יְמֵיהֶ֑ם	33a	so he made them spend their days in vain
וּ֝שְׁנוֹתָ֗ם בַּבֶּהָלָֽה׃	33b	and [he made them spend] their years in anguish.
אִם־הֲרָגָ֥ם וּדְרָשׁ֑וּהוּ	34a	Whenever he killed them, then they would seek him
וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל׃	34b	and again look for God.
וַֽ֭יִּזְכְּרוּ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֣ים צוּרָ֑ם	35a	They would remember that God was their rock
וְאֵ֥ל עֶ֝לְיוֹן גֹּאֲלָֽם׃	35b	and [that] God, the Most High, was their redeemer.
וַיְפַתּ֥וּהוּ בְּפִיהֶ֑ם	36a	But they were trying to deceive him with their mouth
וּ֝בִלְשׁוֹנָ֗ם יְכַזְּבוּ־לֽוֹ׃	36b	and with their tongue were lying to him.
וְ֭לִבָּם לֹא־נָכ֣וֹן עִמּ֑וֹ	37a	Their heart was not committed to him
וְלֹ֥א נֶ֝אֶמְנ֗וּ בִּבְרִיתֽוֹ׃	37b	and they were not faithful to his covenant.
וְה֤וּא רַח֨וּם ׀	38a	But he is compassionate.
יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָוֺן֮ וְֽלֹא־יַ֫שְׁחִ֥ית	38b	He forgives iniquity and does not destroy.
וְ֭הִרְבָּה לְהָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑וֹ	38c	He repeatedly turned back his anger.
וְלֹֽא־יָ֝עִיר כָּל־חֲמָתֽוֹ׃	38d	And he would not stir up all his wrath.
וַ֭יִּזְכֹּר כִּי־בָשָׂ֣ר הֵ֑מָּה	39a	He remembered that they were flesh,
ר֥וּחַ ה֝וֹלֵ֗ךְ וְלֹ֣א יָשֽׁוּב׃	39b	a breeze that goes by and will not return.

Cache table

At-a-Glance table

{{Psalm/Table/At-a-glance}}

For more information, see Psalm 78/At-a-glance. There you will see links to change all the section/emotion/speaker/addressee info.

Speaker		Structure At-a-Glance		Text (Hebrew)	Verse	Text (CBC) The Close-but-clear translation (CBC) exists to provide a window into the Hebrew text according to how we understand its syntax and word-to-phrase-level semantics. It is designed to be "close" to the Hebrew, while still being "clear." Specifically, the CBC encapsulates and reflects the following layers of analysis: grammar, lexical semantics, phrase-level semantics, and verbal semantics. It does not reflect our analysis of the discourse or of poetics. It is not intended to be used as a stand-alone translation or base text, but as a supplement to Layer-by-Layer materials to help users make full use of these resources.			Addressee
מַשְׂכִּיל לְאָסָף		1		A "maskil." By Asaph.
מְסַפְּרִים תְּהִלּוֹת יְהוָה וֶעֱזוּזוֹ וְנִפְלְאוֹתָיו		10		proclaiming the praiseworthy deeds of YHWH and his power and his wonderful deeds
אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה׃		11		which he has accomplished:
וַיָּקֶם עֵדוּת בְּיַעֲקֹב		12		how he established a testimony among Jacob
וְתוֹרָה שָׂם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל		13		and set up teaching among Israel,
אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵינוּ		14		which he commanded our ancestors
לְהוֹדִיעָם לִבְנֵיהֶם׃		15		to teach them to their children,
לְמַעַן יֵדְעוּ דּוֹר אַחֲרוֹן		16		so that the latest generation might know
בָּנִים יִוָּלֵדוּ		17		—children who were yet to be born—
יָקֻמוּ		18		[that] they might begin
וִיסַפְּרוּ לִבְנֵיהֶם׃		19		to tell their children
הַאֲזִינָה עַמִּי תּוֹרָתִי		2		Listen, my people, to my teaching;
וְיָשִׂימוּ בֵֽאלֹהִים כִּסְלָם		20		and they might put their trust in God,
וְלֹא יִשְׁכְּחוּ מַֽעַלְלֵי־אֵל		21		[so that] they might not forget God's deeds
וּמִצְוֺתָיו יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃		22		but might obey his commands
וְלֹא יִהְיוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָם דּוֹר סוֹרֵר וּמֹרֶה דּוֹר		23		and might not be like their ancestors, a stubborn and rebellious generation, a generation
לֹא־הֵכִין לִבּוֹ		24		who was not committed in their heart
וְלֹא־נֶאֶמְנָה אֶת־אֵל רוּחֽוֹ׃		25		and whose mind was not faithful to God.
בְּנֵי־אֶפְרַיִם נוֹשְׁקֵי רוֹמֵי־קָשֶׁת הָפְכוּ בְּיוֹם קְרָב׃		26		Ephraimites, armed [with a bow], archers, turned back on a day of battle.
הַטּוּ אָזְנְכֶם לְאִמְרֵי־פִי׃		3		turn your ear to the words of my mouth.
אֶפְתְּחָה בְמָשָׁל פִּי		4		Let me open up my mouth with a parable;
אַבִּיעָה חִידוֹת מִנִּי־קֶדֶם׃		5		let me pour out puzzling problems from long ago.
אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְנוּ		6		The things which we heard,
וַנֵּדָעֵם		7		and we which learned
וַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָנוּ׃		8		and our ancestors told us,
לֹא נְכַחֵד מִבְּנֵיהֶם לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן		9		we will not hide from their children in the latest generation,

Cache table

Participants table

Speaker	Text (Hebrew)	Verse	Text (CBC) The Close-but-clear translation (CBC) exists to provide a window into the Hebrew text according to how we understand its syntax and word-to-phrase-level semantics. It is designed to be "close" to the Hebrew, while still being "clear." Specifically, the CBC encapsulates and reflects the following layers of analysis: grammar, lexical semantics, phrase-level semantics, and verbal semantics. It does not reflect our analysis of the discourse or of poetics. It is not intended to be used as a stand-alone translation or base text, but as a supplement to Layer-by-Layer materials to help users make full use of these resources.		Addressee
מַשְׂכִּיל לְאָסָף	1	A "maskil." By Asaph.
מְסַפְּרִים תְּהִלּוֹת יְהוָה וֶעֱזוּזוֹ וְנִפְלְאוֹתָיו	10	proclaiming the praiseworthy deeds of YHWH and his power and his wonderful deeds
אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה׃	11	which he has accomplished:
וַיָּקֶם עֵדוּת בְּיַעֲקֹב	12	how he established a testimony among Jacob
וְתוֹרָה שָׂם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל	13	and set up teaching among Israel,
אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵינוּ	14	which he commanded our ancestors
לְהוֹדִיעָם לִבְנֵיהֶם׃	15	to teach them to their children,
לְמַעַן יֵדְעוּ דּוֹר אַחֲרוֹן	16	so that the latest generation might know
בָּנִים יִוָּלֵדוּ	17	—children who were yet to be born—
יָקֻמוּ	18	[that] they might begin
וִיסַפְּרוּ לִבְנֵיהֶם׃	19	to tell their children
הַאֲזִינָה עַמִּי תּוֹרָתִי	2	Listen, my people, to my teaching;
וְיָשִׂימוּ בֵֽאלֹהִים כִּסְלָם	20	and they might put their trust in God,
וְלֹא יִשְׁכְּחוּ מַֽעַלְלֵי־אֵל	21	[so that] they might not forget God's deeds
וּמִצְוֺתָיו יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃	22	but might obey his commands
וְלֹא יִהְיוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָם דּוֹר סוֹרֵר וּמֹרֶה דּוֹר	23	and might not be like their ancestors, a stubborn and rebellious generation, a generation
לֹא־הֵכִין לִבּוֹ	24	who was not committed in their heart
וְלֹא־נֶאֶמְנָה אֶת־אֵל רוּחֽוֹ׃	25	and whose mind was not faithful to God.
בְּנֵי־אֶפְרַיִם נוֹשְׁקֵי רוֹמֵי־קָשֶׁת הָפְכוּ בְּיוֹם קְרָב׃	26	Ephraimites, armed [with a bow], archers, turned back on a day of battle.
הַטּוּ אָזְנְכֶם לְאִמְרֵי־פִי׃	3	turn your ear to the words of my mouth.
אֶפְתְּחָה בְמָשָׁל פִּי	4	Let me open up my mouth with a parable;
אַבִּיעָה חִידוֹת מִנִּי־קֶדֶם׃	5	let me pour out puzzling problems from long ago.
אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְנוּ	6	The things which we heard,
וַנֵּדָעֵם	7	and we which learned
וַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָנוּ׃	8	and our ancestors told us,
לֹא נְכַחֵד מִבְּנֵיהֶם לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן	9	we will not hide from their children in the latest generation,

Cache table

Expanded Paraphrase

Using stored expanded paraphrase

Text (Hebrew)	Verse	Expanded Paraphrase
מַשְׂכִּיל לְאָסָף הַאֲזִינָה עַמִּי תּוֹרָתִי הַטּוּ אָזְנְכֶם לְאִמְרֵי־פִי׃	1	A maskil. By Asaph the Levitical singer and head of the family of Levitical musicians, whom David appointed to minister before the Ark of the Covenant in the tent he had established for worship in Zion (1 Chr 16). Listen, my people, to my teaching, as if it was coming from YHWH himself; turn your ear to the words of my mouth.
אֶפְתְּחָה בְמָשָׁל פִּי אַבִּיעָה חִידוֹת מִנִּי־קֶדֶם׃	2	Let me open up my mouth with a parable about how God chose David as our king, which requires wisdom to understand. Listen carefully, because you will need to pay attention until the end to understand it. Let me pour out puzzling problems of the seeming endless cycle of God's patience and covenant faithfulness towards our ancestors, even though they, in their continual unfaithfulness and rebellion, did not deserve it. They are problems from long ago, which our ancestors did not figure out for generations but were commanded to pass on to us.
אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְנוּ וַנֵּדָעֵם וַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָנוּ׃	3	The things which we heard, and which we learned and our ancestors told us —you and I both know them,
לֹא נְכַחֵד מִבְּנֵיהֶם לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן מְסַפְּרִים תְּהִלּוֹת יְהוָה וֶעֱזוּזוֹ וְנִפְלְאוֹתָיו אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה׃	4	we will not hide from their children in the latest generation, that is, the present generation, proclaiming the praiseworthy deeds of YHWH and his power and his wonderful deeds which he has accomplished:
וַיָּקֶם עֵדוּת בְּיַעֲקֹב וְתוֹרָה שָׂם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵינוּ לְהוֹדִיעָם לִבְנֵיהֶם׃	5	Let me offer some background on how he established a testimony among Jacob and set up a teaching among Israel, which he commanded our ancestors to teach them to their children,
לְמַעַן יֵדְעוּ דּוֹר אַחֲרוֹן בָּנִים יִוָּלֵדוּ יָקֻמוּ וִיסַפְּרוּ לִבְנֵיהֶם׃	6	so that the latest —that is, the present— generation might know —children who were yet to be born — [that] they might begin to tell their children
וְיָשִׂימוּ בֵֽאלֹהִים כִּסְלָם וְלֹא יִשְׁכְּחוּ מַֽעַלְלֵי־אֵל וּמִצְוֺתָיו יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃	7	and they might put their trust in God, [so that] they might not forget God's deeds but might obey his commands
וְלֹא יִהְיוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָם דּוֹר סוֹרֵר וּמֹרֶה דּוֹר לֹא־הֵכִין לִבּוֹ וְלֹא־נֶאֶמְנָה אֶת־אֵל רוּחֽוֹ׃	8	and might not be like their ancestors, a stubborn and rebellious generation, a generation who did not keep their heart committed and whose mind was not faithful to God, in that their will and intentions were not aligned to YHWH's will and intentions.
בְּנֵי־אֶפְרַיִם נוֹשְׁקֵי רוֹמֵי־קָשֶׁת הָפְכוּ בְּיוֹם קְרָב׃	9	The same ancestors who were unfaithful were charged with passing on these historical lessons. It all came to a head when Ephraimites, armed [with a bow], archers with a reputation for fierceness in war, actually turned back on a day of battle. But how did they get to that point?
לֹא שָׁמְרוּ בְּרִית אֱלֹהִים וּבְתוֹרָתוֹ מֵאֲנוּ לָלֶכֶת׃	10	Their defeat was not on account of a superior opponent, but because they did not keep the covenant of God and covenantal unfaithfulness results in military defeat. They refused to walk in and live by his teaching, which expresses YHWH's covenant expectations and stipulations,
וַיִּשְׁכְּחוּ עֲלִילוֹתָיו וְנִפְלְאוֹתָיו אֲשֶׁר הֶרְאָם׃	11	in that they forgot his deeds and [they forgot] his wonders which he had shown them for centuries.
נֶגֶד אֲבוֹתָם עָשָׂה פֶלֶא בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם שְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃	12	In front of their ancestors and ours he performed miracles in the land of Egypt, the region of Zoan where they were building store cities as slaves.
בָּקַע יָם וַיַּעֲבִירֵם וַיַּצֶּב־מַיִם כְּמוֹ־נֵד׃	13	And after all his miracles in Egypt, he divided the sea and brought them through; he made the waters stand like a heap, making their crossing secure and without risk.
וַיַּנְחֵם בֶּעָנָן יוֹמָם וְכָל־הַלַּיְלָה בְּאוֹר אֵֽשׁ׃	14	He led them by cloud during the day and [he led them ] all night by fire light.
יְבַקַּע צֻרִים בַּמִּדְבָּר וַיַּשְׁקְ כִּתְהֹמוֹת רַבָּֽה׃	15	He would split rocks in the wilderness of all places and provide drinking water abundantly, as from oceans.
וַיּוֹצִא נוֹזְלִים מִסָּלַע וַיּוֹרֶד כַּנְּהָרוֹת מָֽיִם׃	16	He would bring streams out from rock and make water flow down like rivers.
וַיּוֹסִיפוּ עוֹד לַחֲטֹא־לוֹ לַמְרוֹת עֶלְיוֹן בַּצִּיָּה׃	17	But again, even in those times, just as the Ephraimites would continue to do, they sinned against him; again they rebelled against the Most High in the desert.
וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵל בִּלְבָבָם לִשְׁאָל־אֹכֶל לְנַפְשָׁם׃	18	They put God to the test in their thoughts, by asking for food for their throat.
וַיְדַבְּרוּ בֵּֽאלֹהִים אָמְרוּ הֲיוּכַל אֵל לַעֲרֹךְ שֻׁלְחָן בַּמִּדְבָּר׃	19	They spoke against God, saying: "Is God not able to prepare a table in the wilderness, a substantial meal with us as his guests?
הֵן הִכָּה־צוּר וַיָּזוּבוּ מַיִם וּנְחָלִים יִשְׁטֹפוּ הֲגַם־לֶחֶם יוּכַל תֵּת אִם־יָכִין שְׁאֵר לְעַמּוֹ׃	20	Since he struck a rock so that waters gushed out and streams began to flow, is he not able to give bread, too? Or can he not provide meat for his people? He's the God who brought us out of Egypt; surely if we open our mouth, he will fill it? (Ps 81:11)."
לָכֵן שָׁמַע יְהוָה וַיִּתְעַבָּר וְאֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָה בְיַעֲקֹב וְגַם־אַף עָלָה בְיִשְׂרָאֵל׃	21	Therefore, when YHWH heard he became furious that they would doubt him; fire flared up against Jacob and also anger rose against Israel,
כִּי לֹא הֶאֱמִינוּ בֵּאלֹהִים וְלֹא בָטְחוּ בִּישׁוּעָתוֹ׃	22	because they had not believed in God and they had not trusted in his provision.
וַיְצַו שְׁחָקִים מִמָּעַל וְדַלְתֵי שָׁמַיִם פָּתָח׃	23	So, even when he brought them what they asked for, they still did not trust him and in their lack of faith they brought his anger upon them once again again. This was when he ordered clouds from above and opened heavenly doors;
וַיַּמְטֵר עֲלֵיהֶם מָן לֶאֱכֹל וּדְגַן־שָׁמַיִם נָתַן לָמוֹ׃	24	he rained down upon them manna to eat and he gave them grain from heaven.
לֶחֶם אַבִּירִים אָכַל אִישׁ צֵידָה שָׁלַח לָהֶם לָשֹׂבַע׃	25	People ate bread of angels, meaning it was sent directly from heaven; he sent them provisions until they were satisfied and did not need any more.
יַסַּע קָדִים בַּשָּׁמָיִם וַיְנַהֵג בְּעֻזּוֹ תֵימָן׃	26	He caused an east wind to blow in the sky and he drove a south wind with his might.
וַיַּמְטֵר עֲלֵיהֶם כֶּעָפָר שְׁאֵר וּכְחוֹל יַמִּים עוֹף כָּנָף׃	27	So he made meat rain upon them, immeasurable like dust and [he made] winged birds [rain upon them] like the sand on the seashore,
וַיַּפֵּל בְּקֶרֶב מַחֲנֵהוּ סָבִיב לְמִשְׁכְּנֹתָיו׃	28	and he made them fall inside his camp, all around his tents, so they did not even have to work for it or go anywhere to attain it.
וַיֹּאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׂבְּעוּ מְאֹד וְתַֽאֲוָתָם יָבִא לָהֶֽם׃	29	So they ate and were completely satisfied when he brought them what they craved. This was all they needed, but they did not trust him to provide another meal, so they kept on eating and gorged themselves even beyond satisfaction.
לֹא־זָרוּ מִתַּאֲוָתָם עוֹד אָכְלָם בְּפִיהֶֽם׃	30	They had not turned away from trying to satisfy themselves with the object of their craving rather than being satisfied in their trust in YHWH, who provided for their needs. Their food was still in their mouth, even though they were more than full,
וְאַף אֱלֹהִים עָלָה בָהֶם וַיַּהֲרֹג בְּמִשְׁמַנֵּיהֶם וּבַחוּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הִכְרִיעַ׃	31	when the anger of God rose against them and he killed some of their strong men, whose obsession with food, even when God granted it, still could not save them when they abandoned God, and he struck down young men of Israel. So that place became called "Graves of Craving" (Num 11:34).
בְּכָל־זֹאת חָטְאוּ־עוֹד וְלֹֽא־הֶאֱמִינוּ בְּנִפְלְאוֹתָיו׃	32	In spite of this, they sinned again by treating YHWH with contempt and refusing to believe in him (Num 14:11) when the spies returned from the land with a negative report (Num 13) and did not trust in his wonderful deeds that he had already performed among them.
וַיְכַל־בַּהֶבֶל יְמֵיהֶם וּשְׁנוֹתָם בַּבֶּהָלָה׃	33	So he made them spend their days in vain and [he made them spend] their years in anguish, wandering around the desert for a generation—one year for every day they spied out the land (Num 14:34).
אִם־הֲרָגָם וּדְרָשׁוּהוּ וְשָׁבוּ וְשִׁחֲרוּ־אֵל׃	34	Throughout this time, when he was providing for their every need — their sandals didn't even wear out! — they would still sin. Judgment was sometimes death, and, whenever he killed them, then they would seek him and again look for God.
וַיִּזְכְּרוּ כִּי־אֱלֹהִים צוּרָם וְאֵל עֶלְיוֹן גֹּאֲלָם׃	35	They would remember that God was their rock, providing for the needs of his people, no matter their circumstances, and [that] God, the Most High, was their redeemer, who had brought them out of Egypt.
וַיְפַתּוּהוּ בְּפִיהֶם וּבִלְשׁוֹנָם יְכַזְּבוּ־לוֹ׃	36	But their repentance was not sincere, since they were only trying to deceive him with their mouth and with their tongue were lying to him.
וְלִבָּם לֹא־נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ וְלֹא נֶאֶמְנוּ בִּבְרִיתוֹ׃	37	Their heart was not committed to him and they were not faithful to his covenant that he had established with them in the wilderness.
וְהוּא רַחוּם יְכַפֵּר עָוֺן וְלֹא־יַשְׁחִית וְהִרְבָּה לְהָשִׁיב אַפּוֹ וְלֹֽא־יָעִיר כָּל־חֲמָתוֹ׃	38	But he is compassionate. He forgives iniquity and does not destroy. Back then he repeatedly turned back his anger. And he would not stir up all his wrath.
וַיִּזְכֹּר כִּי־בָשָׂר הֵמָּה רוּחַ הוֹלֵךְ וְלֹא יָשׁוּב׃	39	He remembered that they were mortal flesh, just as ephemeral as a breeze that goes by and will not return.
כַּמָּה יַמְרוּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּר יַעֲצִיבוּהוּ בִּֽישִׁימוֹן׃	40	Nevertheless, how often did they rebel against him in the wilderness! [How often] did they grieve him in the desert!
וַיָּשׁוּבוּ וַיְנַסּוּ אֵל וּקְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל הִתְווּ׃	41	Again they put God to the test and they provoked the Holy One of Israel
לֹא־זָכְרוּ אֶת־יָדוֹ יוֹם אֲֽשֶׁר־פָּדָם מִנִּי־צָר׃	42	when they not only forgot his miraculous deeds in the wilderness, but also did not remember his strength as their redeemer; [they did not remember] the day in which he saved them from an adversary.
אֲשֶׁר־שָׂם בְּמִצְרַיִם אֹתוֹתָיו וּמוֹפְתָיו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹעַן׃	43	[They did not remember the day] in which he displayed his signs in Egypt and [displayed] his miracles in the region of Zoan showing that he had the power and willingness to faithfully lead his covenant people, but also showing he had the power and willingness to completely destroy their enemies, which could have ultimately been their end, too —
וַיַּהֲפֹךְ לְדָם יְאֹרֵיהֶם וְנֹזְלֵיהֶם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיוּן׃	44	how he turned their rivers into blood and they could not drink [from] their streams even though naturally they should have had water in abundance.
יְשַׁלַּח בָּהֶם עָרֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵם וּצְפַרְדֵּעַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵם׃	45	He sent a swarm of insects among them and it devoured them; [he sent] a plague of frogs [among them] and it destroyed them.
וַיִּתֵּן לֶחָסִיל יְבוּלָם וִיגִיעָם לָאַרְבֶּה׃	46	He gave their crops to young locusts and [he gave ] the fruit of their labor to locusts.
יַהֲרֹג בַּבָּרָד גַּפְנָם וְשִׁקְמוֹתָם בַּֽחֲנָמַל׃	47	He killed their vines with hail and [he killed ] their sycamore trees with frost.
וַיַּסְגֵּר לַבָּרָד בְּעִירָם וּמִקְנֵיהֶם לָרְשָׁפִים׃	48	He gave their livestock over to hail and [he gave] their herds [over] to lightning, so they had nothing left to eat, even though naturally they should have had food in abundance.
יְשַׁלַּח־בָּם חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ עֶבְרָה וָזַעַם וְצָרָה מִשְׁלַחַת מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים׃	49	He sent among them the wrath of his anger: fury and indignation and trouble, by a deputation of angels bringing disaster, the Passover destroyer (Exod 12:23), as if it were YHWH himself (Exod 11:4; 12:12, 23).
יְפַלֵּס נָתִיב לְאַפּוֹ לֹא־חָשַׂךְ מִמָּוֶת נַפְשָׁם וְחַיָּתָם לַדֶּבֶר הִסְגִּיר׃	50	He cleared a path for his anger and went for them, instead of turning back his anger as he would do with our ancestors; he did not spare their soul from death but gave their life over to plague.
וַיַּךְ כָּל־בְּכוֹר בְּמִצְרָיִם רֵאשִׁית אוֹנִים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָם׃	51	He killed every firstborn in Egypt, the firstfruits of strength among the tents of Ham,
וַיַּסַּע כַּצֹּאן עַמּוֹ וַיְנַהֲגֵם כַּעֵדֶר בַּמִּדְבָּר׃	52	but they also did not remember how he had dealt with their enemies like this in order to redeem a people for himself, such that after completely destroying the Egyptians he led out his people from Egypt like a flock and guided them in the wilderness like a herd —already incredibly numerous but at risk of being scattered.
וַיַּנְחֵם לָבֶטַח וְלֹא פָחָדוּ וְאֶת־אוֹיְבֵיהֶם כִּסָּה הַיָּם׃	53	He led them securely out of their slavemasters' land and they were not afraid, but the sea covered their enemies when YHWH stirred up all his wrath and YHWH destroyed them.
וַיְבִיאֵם אֶל־גְּבוּל קָדְשׁוֹ הַר־ זֶה קָנְתָה יְמִינוֹ׃	54	This is something he was unwilling to do to our ancestors. Rather, he brought them all the way through the wilderness, as we discussed above, to his holy territory, the hill-country which his right hand had acquired and prepared for his people.
וַיְגָרֶשׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶם גּוֹיִם וַיַּפִּילֵם בְּחֶבֶל נַחֲלָה וַיַּשְׁכֵּן בְּאָהֳלֵיהֶם שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃	55	He drove out nations from their presence, nations who were much bigger and stronger than they were (Deut 7:1), and allotted them as an inheritance by measurement; he let the clans of Israel live in their dwelling places.
וַיְנַסּוּ וַיַּמְרוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִים עֶלְיוֹן וְעֵדוֹתָיו לֹא שָׁמָרוּ׃	56	But even then, again they rebelliously put God, the Most High, to the test, and they did not observe his testimonies, paying attention to everything they heard YHWH had accomplished,
וַיִּסֹּגוּ וַיִּבְגְּדוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָם נֶהְפְּכוּ כְּקֶשֶׁת רְמִיָּה׃	57	but they, too, went astray and acted unfaithfully, like their ancestors. They became like a slack bow, which is good for nothing in battle and cannot be trusted—useless, covenantally dysfunctional in their continual rebellion despite YHWH's continual patience. They had hit rock bottom and there was no coming back from this on the part of Israel's leadership, especially that of the Shiloh temple, which was situated in Ephraim and had been the place chosen for centralized worship since YHWH had given them the land (Josh 18).
וַיַּכְעִיסוּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָם וּבִפְסִילֵיהֶם יַקְנִיאוּהוּ׃	58	They made him angry with their high places of worship of idols all over the hill country, not respecting centralized worship, and with their carved images of false gods they made him jealous.
שָׁמַע אֱלֹהִים וַיִּתְעַבָּר וַיִּמְאַס מְאֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל׃	59	God heard their impure and tainted worship, just as he heard their grumbling in the wilderness all those years previously, and he became furious, so that this time he completely rejected Israel's current leadership
וַיִּטֹּשׁ מִשְׁכַּן שִׁלוֹ אֹהֶל שִׁכֵּן בָּאָדָם׃	60	and he abandoned the tabernacle at Shiloh, the tent which he had set up especially to dwell among mankind.
וַיִּתֵּן לַשְּׁבִי עֻזּוֹ וְתִפְאַרְתּוֹ בְיַד־צָר׃	61	After the battle of Aphek (1 Sam 4) he gave his strength, the Ark of the Covenant, into captivity and [he gave] his glory into the possession of an adversary. Having allowed the Ark to be taken into captivity, he also expressed that his own strength and glory were out of reach for his people, and thus, in their covenant unfaithfulness, they could expect military defeat.
וַיַּסְגֵּר לַחֶרֶב עַמּוֹ וּבְנַחֲלָתוֹ הִתְעַבָּר׃	62	So, he gave his people over to the sword and against his inheritance he raged .
בַּחוּרָיו אָכְלָה־אֵשׁ וּבְתוּלֹתָיו לֹא הוּלָּלוּ׃	63	Fire consumed his young men and his young women were not sung to, since they had no one to marry and no one with whom they could enjoy wedding songs.
כֹּהֲנָיו בַּחֶרֶב נָפָלוּ וְאַלְמְנֹתָיו לֹא תִבְכֶּינָה׃	64	His priests fell by the sword and his widows could not mourn, since their enemies did not give them the opportunity.
וַיִּקַץ כְּיָשֵׁן אֲדֹנָי כְּגִבּוֹר מִתְרוֹנֵן מִיָּיִן׃	65	Now, having been inactive throughout the defeat of Shiloh and end of Eli's priestly line, the Lord arose like one who had been asleep to carry out vengeance for his people, like a warrior shouting from [the effects of] wine,
וַיַּךְ־צָרָיו אָחוֹר חֶרְפַּת עוֹלָם נָתַן לָמוֹ׃	66	and he struck back his adversaries, all of the Philistines and Canaanites people who would rise up against them between the time of Judges and king David's reign. He gave them eternal shame, such that they would not rise up again.
וַיִּמְאַס בְּאֹהֶל יוֹסֵף וּֽבְשֵׁבֶט אֶפְרַיִם לֹא בָחָר׃	67	But, at the same time, he rejected the tent of Joseph and did not choose the clan of Ephraim, who had proven themselves covenantally dysfunctional and unworthy to administer either YHWH's priesthood or monarchy,
וַיִּבְחַר אֶת־שֵׁבֶט יְהוּדָה אֶת־הַר צִיּוֹן אֲשֶׁר אָהֵב׃	68	but once and for all he chose the clan of Judah, Mount Zion which he loves"more than all the dwelling places of Jacob" (Ps 87:2),
וַיִּבֶן כְּמוֹ־רָמִים מִקְדָּשׁוֹ כְּאֶרֶץ יְסָדָהּ לְעוֹלָם׃	69	and, Zion being where his earthly king would rule, he built his holy place like heaven, like the earth which he has established forever and will not be shaken, such that, unlike abandoned Shiloh, its continued existence is a sign of YHWH's faithful promises that his chosen king's rule will not be shaken either.
וַיִּבְחַר בְּדָוִד עַבְדּוֹ וַיִּקָּחֵהוּ מִמִּכְלְאֹת צֹאן׃	70	YHWH passed on the role of shepherding the people to his earthly king. For this role, he chose David, his servant, not an Ephraimite, and took him from working as a shepherd in a sheep pen.
מֵאַחַר עָלוֹת הֱבִיאוֹ לִרְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֹ וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל נַחֲלָתוֹ׃	71	From [looking] after nursing animals he brought him to shepherd none other than Jacob, his people, and [to shepherd] Israel, who were still his inheritance despite the rejection of their previous leadership, but who were just as vulnerable and in need of protection as nursing animals, so that they would continue in covenant faithfulness.
וַיִּרְעֵם *בְּ*תֹם לְבָבוֹ וּבִתְבוּנוֹת כַּפָּיו יַנְחֵם׃	72	He shepherded them with the integrity of his heart and with his wise actions he led them, so that they would never again become a covenantally dysfunctional slack bow.

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Hebrew	Verse	English
מַשְׂכִּיל לְאָסָף הַאֲזִינָה עַמִּי תּוֹרָתִי הַטּוּ אָזְנְכֶם לְאִמְרֵי־פִי׃	1	A maskil. By Asaph. Listen, my people, to my teaching; turn your ear to the words of my mouth.
אֶפְתְּחָה בְמָשָׁל פִּי אַבִּיעָה חִידוֹת מִנִּי־קֶדֶם׃	2	Let me open up my mouth with a parable; let me pour out puzzling problems from long ago.
אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְנוּ וַנֵּדָעֵם וַאֲבוֹתֵינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָנוּ׃	3	The things which we heard, and which we learned and our ancestors told us,
לֹא נְכַחֵד מִבְּנֵיהֶם לְדוֹר אַחֲרוֹן מְסַפְּרִים תְּהִלּוֹת יְהוָה וֶעֱזוּזוֹ וְנִפְלְאוֹתָיו אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה׃	4	we will not hide from their children in the latest generation, proclaiming the praiseworthy deeds of YHWH and his power and his wonderful deeds which he has accomplished:
וַיָּקֶם עֵדוּת בְּיַעֲקֹב וְתוֹרָה שָׂם בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר צִוָּה אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵינוּ לְהוֹדִיעָם לִבְנֵיהֶם׃	5	how he established a testimony among Jacob and set up a teaching among Israel, which he commanded our ancestors to teach them to their children,
לְמַעַן יֵדְעוּ דּוֹר אַחֲרוֹן בָּנִים יִוָּלֵדוּ יָקֻמוּ וִיסַפְּרוּ לִבְנֵיהֶם׃	6	so that the latest generation might know —children who were yet to be born— [that] they might begin to tell their children
וְיָשִׂימוּ בֵֽאלֹהִים כִּסְלָם וְלֹא יִשְׁכְּחוּ מַֽעַלְלֵי־אֵל וּמִצְוֺתָיו יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃	7	and they might put their trust in God, [so that] they might not forget God's deeds but might obey his commands
וְלֹא יִהְיוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָם דּוֹר סוֹרֵר וּמֹרֶה דּוֹר לֹא־הֵכִין לִבּוֹ וְלֹא־נֶאֶמְנָה אֶת־אֵל רוּחֽוֹ׃	8	and might not be like their ancestors, a stubborn and rebellious generation, a generation who did not keep their heart committed and whose mind was not faithful to God.
בְּנֵי־אֶפְרַיִם נוֹשְׁקֵי רוֹמֵי־קָשֶׁת הָפְכוּ בְּיוֹם קְרָב׃	9	Ephraimites, armed [with a bow], archers, turned back on a day of battle.
לֹא שָׁמְרוּ בְּרִית אֱלֹהִים וּבְתוֹרָתוֹ מֵאֲנוּ לָלֶכֶת׃	10	They did not keep the covenant of God and they refused to walk in his teaching,
וַיִּשְׁכְּחוּ עֲלִילוֹתָיו וְנִפְלְאוֹתָיו אֲשֶׁר הֶרְאָם׃	11	in that they forgot his deeds and [they forgot] his wonders which he had shown them.
נֶגֶד אֲבוֹתָם עָשָׂה פֶלֶא בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם שְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃	12	In front of their ancestors he performed miracles in the land of Egypt, the region of Zoan.
בָּקַע יָם וַיַּעֲבִירֵם וַיַּצֶּב־מַיִם כְּמוֹ־נֵד׃	13	He divided the sea and brought them through; he made the waters stand like a heap.
וַיַּנְחֵם בֶּעָנָן יוֹמָם וְכָל־הַלַּיְלָה בְּאוֹר אֵֽשׁ׃	14	He led them by cloud during the day and [he led them] all night by fire light.
יְבַקַּע צֻרִים בַּמִּדְבָּר וַיַּשְׁקְ כִּתְהֹמוֹת רַבָּֽה׃	15	He would split rocks in the wilderness and provide drinking water abundantly, as from oceans.
וַיּוֹצִא נוֹזְלִים מִסָּלַע וַיּוֹרֶד כַּנְּהָרוֹת מָֽיִם׃	16	He would bring streams out from rock and make water flow down like rivers.
וַיּוֹסִיפוּ עוֹד לַחֲטֹא־לוֹ לַמְרוֹת עֶלְיוֹן בַּצִּיָּה׃	17	But again they sinned against him; again they rebelled against the Most High in the desert.
וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵל בִּלְבָבָם לִשְׁאָל־אֹכֶל לְנַפְשָׁם׃	18	They put God to the test in their thoughts, by asking for food for their throat.
וַיְדַבְּרוּ בֵּֽאלֹהִים אָמְרוּ הֲיוּכַל אֵל לַעֲרֹךְ שֻׁלְחָן בַּמִּדְבָּר׃	19	They spoke against God saying: Is God not able to prepare a table in the wilderness?
הֵן הִכָּה־צוּר וַיָּזוּבוּ מַיִם וּנְחָלִים יִשְׁטֹפוּ הֲגַם־לֶחֶם יוּכַל תֵּת אִם־יָכִין שְׁאֵר לְעַמּוֹ׃	20	Since he struck a rock so that waters gushed out and streams began to flow, is he not able to give bread, too? Or can he not provide meat for his people?
לָכֵן שָׁמַע יְהוָה וַיִּתְעַבָּר וְאֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָה בְיַעֲקֹב וְגַם־אַף עָלָה בְיִשְׂרָאֵל׃	21	Therefore, when YHWH heard he became furious; fire flared up against Jacob and also anger rose against Israel,
כִּי לֹא הֶאֱמִינוּ בֵּאלֹהִים וְלֹא בָטְחוּ בִּישׁוּעָתוֹ׃	22	because they had not believed in God and they had not trusted in his provision.
וַיְצַו שְׁחָקִים מִמָּעַל וְדַלְתֵי שָׁמַיִם פָּתָח׃	23	So he ordered clouds from above and opened heavenly doors;
וַיַּמְטֵר עֲלֵיהֶם מָן לֶאֱכֹל וּדְגַן־שָׁמַיִם נָתַן לָמוֹ׃	24	he rained down upon them manna to eat and he gave them grain from heaven.
לֶחֶם אַבִּירִים אָכַל אִישׁ צֵידָה שָׁלַח לָהֶם לָשֹׂבַע׃	25	People ate bread of angels; he sent them provisions until they were satisfied.
יַסַּע קָדִים בַּשָּׁמָיִם וַיְנַהֵג בְּעֻזּוֹ תֵימָן׃	26	He caused an east wind to blow in the sky and he drove a south wind with his might.
וַיַּמְטֵר עֲלֵיהֶם כֶּעָפָר שְׁאֵר וּכְחוֹל יַמִּים עוֹף כָּנָף׃	27	So he made meat rain upon them like dust and [he made] winged birds [rain upon them] like the sand on the seashore,
וַיַּפֵּל בְּקֶרֶב מַחֲנֵהוּ סָבִיב לְמִשְׁכְּנֹתָיו׃	28	and he made them fall inside his camp, all around his tents.
וַיֹּאכְלוּ וַיִּשְׂבְּעוּ מְאֹד וְתַֽאֲוָתָם יָבִא לָהֶֽם׃	29	So they ate and were completely satisfied when he brought them what they craved.
לֹא־זָרוּ מִתַּאֲוָתָם עוֹד אָכְלָם בְּפִיהֶֽם׃	30	They had not turned away from the object of their craving —their food was still in their mouth—
וְאַף אֱלֹהִים עָלָה בָהֶם וַיַּהֲרֹג בְּמִשְׁמַנֵּיהֶם וּבַחוּרֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל הִכְרִיעַ׃	31	when the anger of God rose against them and he killed some of their strong men and he struck down young men of Israel.
בְּכָל־זֹאת חָטְאוּ־עוֹד וְלֹֽא־הֶאֱמִינוּ בְּנִפְלְאוֹתָיו׃	32	In spite of this, they sinned again and did not trust in his wonderful deeds,
וַיְכַל־בַּהֶבֶל יְמֵיהֶם וּשְׁנוֹתָם בַּבֶּהָלָה׃	33	so he made them spend their days in vain and [he made them spend] their years in anguish.
אִם־הֲרָגָם וּדְרָשׁוּהוּ וְשָׁבוּ וְשִׁחֲרוּ־אֵל׃	34	Whenever he killed them, then they would seek him and again look for God.
וַיִּזְכְּרוּ כִּי־אֱלֹהִים צוּרָם וְאֵל עֶלְיוֹן גֹּאֲלָם׃	35	They would remember that God was their rock and [that] God, the Most High, was their redeemer.
וַיְפַתּוּהוּ בְּפִיהֶם וּבִלְשׁוֹנָם יְכַזְּבוּ־לוֹ׃	36	But they were trying to deceive him with their mouth and with their tongue were lying to him.
וְלִבָּם לֹא־נָכוֹן עִמּוֹ וְלֹא נֶאֶמְנוּ בִּבְרִיתוֹ׃	37	Their heart was not committed to him and they were not faithful to his covenant.
וְהוּא רַחוּם יְכַפֵּר עָוֺן וְלֹא־יַשְׁחִית וְהִרְבָּה לְהָשִׁיב אַפּוֹ וְלֹֽא־יָעִיר כָּל־חֲמָתוֹ׃	38	But he is compassionate. He forgives iniquity and does not destroy. He repeatedly turned back his anger. And he would not stir up all his wrath.
וַיִּזְכֹּר כִּי־בָשָׂר הֵמָּה רוּחַ הוֹלֵךְ וְלֹא יָשׁוּב׃	39	He remembered that they were flesh, a breeze that goes by and will not return.
כַּמָּה יַמְרוּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּר יַעֲצִיבוּהוּ בִּֽישִׁימוֹן׃	40	How often did they rebel against him in the wilderness! [How often] did they grieve him in the desert!
וַיָּשׁוּבוּ וַיְנַסּוּ אֵל וּקְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל הִתְווּ׃	41	Again they put God to the test and they provoked the Holy One of Israel.
לֹא־זָכְרוּ אֶת־יָדוֹ יוֹם אֲֽשֶׁר־פָּדָם מִנִּי־צָר׃	42	They did not remember his strength; [they did not remember] the day in which he saved them from an adversary.
אֲשֶׁר־שָׂם בְּמִצְרַיִם אֹתוֹתָיו וּמוֹפְתָיו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹעַן׃	43	[They did not remember the day] in which he displayed his signs in Egypt and [displayed] his miracles in the region of Zoan—
וַיַּהֲפֹךְ לְדָם יְאֹרֵיהֶם וְנֹזְלֵיהֶם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיוּן׃	44	how he turned their rivers into blood and they could not drink [from] their streams.
יְשַׁלַּח בָּהֶם עָרֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵם וּצְפַרְדֵּעַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵם׃	45	He sent a swarm of insects among them and it devoured them; [he sent] a plague of frogs [among them] and it destroyed them.
וַיִּתֵּן לֶחָסִיל יְבוּלָם וִיגִיעָם לָאַרְבֶּה׃	46	He gave their crops to young locusts and [he gave] the fruit of their labor to locusts.
יַהֲרֹג בַּבָּרָד גַּפְנָם וְשִׁקְמוֹתָם בַּֽחֲנָמַל׃	47	He killed their vines with hail and [he killed] their sycamore trees with frost.
וַיַּסְגֵּר לַבָּרָד בְּעִירָם וּמִקְנֵיהֶם לָרְשָׁפִים׃	48	He gave their livestock over to hail and [he gave] their herds [over] to lightning.
יְשַׁלַּח־בָּם חֲרוֹן אַפּוֹ עֶבְרָה וָזַעַם וְצָרָה מִשְׁלַחַת מַלְאֲכֵי רָעִים׃	49	He sent among them the wrath of his anger: fury and indignation and trouble, by a deputation of angels bringing disaster.
יְפַלֵּס נָתִיב לְאַפּוֹ לֹא־חָשַׂךְ מִמָּוֶת נַפְשָׁם וְחַיָּתָם לַדֶּבֶר הִסְגִּיר׃	50	He cleared a path for his anger; he did not spare their soul from death but gave their life over to plague.
וַיַּךְ כָּל־בְּכוֹר בְּמִצְרָיִם רֵאשִׁית אוֹנִים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָם׃	51	He killed every firstborn in Egypt, the firstfruits of strength among the tents of Ham,
וַיַּסַּע כַּצֹּאן עַמּוֹ וַיְנַהֲגֵם כַּעֵדֶר בַּמִּדְבָּר׃	52	but he led out his people like a flock and guided them in the wilderness like a herd.
וַיַּנְחֵם לָבֶטַח וְלֹא פָחָדוּ וְאֶת־אוֹיְבֵיהֶם כִּסָּה הַיָּם׃	53	He led them securely and they were not afraid, but the sea covered their enemies.
וַיְבִיאֵם אֶל־גְּבוּל קָדְשׁוֹ הַר־ זֶה קָנְתָה יְמִינוֹ׃	54	He brought them to his holy territory, the hill-country which his right hand had acquired.
וַיְגָרֶשׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶם גּוֹיִם וַיַּפִּילֵם בְּחֶבֶל נַחֲלָה וַיַּשְׁכֵּן בְּאָהֳלֵיהֶם שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל׃	55	He drove out nations from their presence and allotted them as an inheritance by measurement; he let the clans of Israel live in their dwelling places.
וַיְנַסּוּ וַיַּמְרוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִים עֶלְיוֹן וְעֵדוֹתָיו לֹא שָׁמָרוּ׃	56	But they rebelliously put God, the Most High, to the test, and they did not observe his testimonies,
וַיִּסֹּגוּ וַיִּבְגְּדוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָם נֶהְפְּכוּ כְּקֶשֶׁת רְמִיָּה׃	57	but they went astray and acted unfaithfully, like their ancestors. They became like a slack bow.
וַיַּכְעִיסוּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָם וּבִפְסִילֵיהֶם יַקְנִיאוּהוּ׃	58	They made him angry with their high places of worship and with their carved images made him jealous.
שָׁמַע אֱלֹהִים וַיִּתְעַבָּר וַיִּמְאַס מְאֹד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵל׃	59	God heard and he became furious, so that he completely rejected Israel
וַיִּטֹּשׁ מִשְׁכַּן שִׁלוֹ אֹהֶל שִׁכֵּן בָּאָדָם׃	60	and he abandoned the tabernacle at Shiloh, the tent which he had set up among mankind.
וַיִּתֵּן לַשְּׁבִי עֻזּוֹ וְתִפְאַרְתּוֹ בְיַד־צָר׃	61	He gave his strength into captivity and [he gave] his glory into the possession of an adversary.
וַיַּסְגֵּר לַחֶרֶב עַמּוֹ וּבְנַחֲלָתוֹ הִתְעַבָּר׃	62	He gave his people over to the sword and against his inheritance he raged.
בַּחוּרָיו אָכְלָה־אֵשׁ וּבְתוּלֹתָיו לֹא הוּלָּלוּ׃	63	Fire consumed his young men and his young women were not sung to.
כֹּהֲנָיו בַּחֶרֶב נָפָלוּ וְאַלְמְנֹתָיו לֹא תִבְכֶּינָה׃	64	His priests fell by the sword and his widows could not mourn.
וַיִּקַץ כְּיָשֵׁן אֲדֹנָי כְּגִבּוֹר מִתְרוֹנֵן מִיָּיִן׃	65	Now the Lord arose like one who had been asleep, like a warrior shouting from [the effects of] wine,
וַיַּךְ־צָרָיו אָחוֹר חֶרְפַּת עוֹלָם נָתַן לָמוֹ׃	66	and he struck back his adversaries. He gave them eternal shame.
וַיִּמְאַס בְּאֹהֶל יוֹסֵף וּֽבְשֵׁבֶט אֶפְרַיִם לֹא בָחָר׃	67	But he rejected the tent of Joseph and did not choose the clan of Ephraim,
וַיִּבְחַר אֶת־שֵׁבֶט יְהוּדָה אֶת־הַר צִיּוֹן אֲשֶׁר אָהֵב׃	68	but he chose the clan of Judah, Mount Zion which he loves,
וַיִּבֶן כְּמוֹ־רָמִים מִקְדָּשׁוֹ כְּאֶרֶץ יְסָדָהּ לְעוֹלָם׃	69	and he built his holy place like heaven, like the earth which he has established forever.
וַיִּבְחַר בְּדָוִד עַבְדּוֹ וַיִּקָּחֵהוּ מִמִּכְלְאֹת צֹאן׃	70	He chose David, his servant, and took him from a sheep pen.
מֵאַחַר עָלוֹת הֱבִיאוֹ לִרְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹב עַמּוֹ וּבְיִשְׂרָאֵל נַחֲלָתוֹ׃	71	From [looking] after nursing animals he brought him to shepherd Jacob, his people, and [to shepherd] Israel, his inheritance.
וַיִּרְעֵם *בְּ*תֹם לְבָבוֹ וּבִתְבוּנוֹת כַּפָּיו יַנְחֵם׃	72	He shepherded them with the integrity of his heart and with his wise actions he led them.

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Cache table

Old style, which generates subobjects

Text (Hebrew)	Verse	Text (CBC)
מַשְׂכִּ֗יל לְאָ֫סָ֥ף	1a	A "maskil." By Asaph.
הַאֲזִינָה עַ֭מִּי תּוֹרָתִ֑י	1b	Listen, my people, to my teaching;
הַטּ֥וּ אָ֝זְנְכֶ֗ם לְאִמְרֵי־פִֽי׃	1c	turn your ear to the words of my mouth.
אֶפְתְּחָ֣ה בְמָשָׁ֣ל פִּ֑י	2a	Let me open up my mouth with a parable;
אַבִּ֥יעָה חִ֝יד֗וֹת מִנִּי־קֶֽדֶם׃	2b	let me pour out puzzling problems from long ago.
אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁ֭מַעְנוּ וַנֵּדָעֵ֑ם	3a	The things which we heard and which we learned
וַ֝אֲבוֹתֵ֗ינוּ סִפְּרוּ־לָֽנוּ׃	3b	and our ancestors told us,
לֹ֤א נְכַחֵ֨ד ׀ מִבְּנֵיהֶ֗ם לְד֥וֹר אַחֲר֗וֹן	4a	we will not hide from their children in the latest generation,
מְֽ֭סַפְּרִים תְּהִלּ֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה	4b	proclaiming the praiseworthy deeds of YHWH
וֶעֱזוּז֥וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָֽׂה׃	4c	and his power and his wonderful deeds which he has accomplished:
וַיָּ֤קֶם עֵד֨וּת ׀ בְּֽיַעֲקֹ֗ב	5a	how he established a testimony among Jacob
וְתוֹרָה֮ שָׂ֤ם בְּיִשְׂרָ֫אֵ֥ל	5b	and set up a teaching among Israel,
אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִ֭וָּה אֶת־אֲבוֹתֵ֑ינוּ	5c	which he commanded our ancestors
לְ֝הוֹדִיעָ֗ם לִבְנֵיהֶֽם׃	5d	to teach them to their children,
לְמַ֤עַן יֵדְע֨וּ ׀ דּ֣וֹר אַ֭חֲרוֹן	6a	so that the latest generation might know
בָּנִ֣ים יִוָּלֵ֑דוּ	6b	—children who were yet to be born—
יָ֝קֻ֗מוּ וִֽיסַפְּרוּ לִבְנֵיהֶֽם׃	6c	[that] they might begin to tell their children
וְיָשִׂ֥ימוּ בֵֽאלֹהִ֗ים כִּ֫סְלָ֥ם	7a	and they might put their trust in God,
וְלֹ֣א יִ֭שְׁכְּחוּ מַֽעַלְלֵי־אֵ֑ל	7b	[so that] they might not forget God's deeds
וּמִצְוֺתָ֥יו יִנְצֹֽרוּ׃	7c	but might obey his commands
וְלֹ֤א יִהְי֨וּ ׀ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֗ם	8a	and might not be like their ancestors,
דּוֹר֮ סוֹרֵ֪ר וּמֹ֫רֶ֥ה	8b	a stubborn and rebellious generation,
דּ֭וֹר לֹא־הֵכִ֣ין לִבּ֑וֹ	8c	a generation who was not committed in their heart
וְלֹא־נֶאֶמְנָ֖ה אֶת־אֵ֣ל רוּחֽוֹ׃	8d	and whose mind was not faithful to God.
בְּֽנֵי־אֶפְרַ֗יִם נוֹשְׁקֵ֥י רוֹמֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת	9a	Ephraimites, armed [with a bow], archers,
הָ֝פְכ֗וּ בְּי֣וֹם קְרָֽב׃	9b	turned back on a day of battle.
לֹ֣א שָׁ֭מְרוּ בְּרִ֣ית אֱלֹהִ֑ים	10a	They did not keep the covenant of God
וּ֝בְתוֹרָת֗וֹ מֵאֲנ֥וּ לָלֶֽכֶת׃	10b	and they refused to walk in his teaching,
וַיִּשְׁכְּח֥וּ עֲלִילוֹתָ֑יו	11a	in that they forgot his deeds
וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶרְאָֽם׃	11b	and [they forgot] his wonders which he had shown them.
נֶ֣גֶד אֲ֭בוֹתָם עָ֣שָׂה פֶ֑לֶא	12a	Before their ancestors he performed miracles
בְּאֶ֖רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם שְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃	12b	in the land of Egypt, the region of Zoan.
בָּ֣קַע יָ֭ם וַיַּֽעֲבִירֵ֑ם	13a	He divided the sea and brought them through;
וַֽיַּצֶּב־מַ֥יִם כְּמוֹ־נֵֽד׃	13b	he made the waters stand like a heap.
וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם בֶּעָנָ֣ן יוֹמָ֑ם	14a	He led them by cloud during the day
וְכָל־הַ֝לַּ֗יְלָה בְּא֣וֹר אֵֽשׁ׃	14b	and [he led them] all night by fire light.
יְבַקַּ֣ע צֻ֭רִים בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר	15a	He would split rocks in the wilderness
וַ֝יַּ֗שְׁקְ כִּתְהֹמ֥וֹת רַבָּֽה׃	15b	and provide drinking water abundantly, as from oceans.
וַיּוֹצִ֣א נוֹזְלִ֣ים מִסָּ֑לַע	16a	He would bring streams out from rock
וַיּוֹרֶד כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת מָֽיִם׃	16b	and make water flow down like rivers.
וַיּוֹסִ֣יפוּ ע֭וֹד לַחֲטֹא־ל֑וֹ	17a	But again they sinned against him;
לַֽמְר֥וֹת עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן בַּצִּיָּֽה׃	17b	again they rebelled against the Most High in the desert.
וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵ֥ל בִּלְבָבָ֑ם	18a	They put God to the test in their thoughts,
לִשְׁאָל־אֹ֥כֶל לְנַפְשָֽׁם׃	18b	by asking for food for their throat.
וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים	19a	They spoke against God
אָ֭מְרוּ הֲי֣וּכַל אֵ֑ל	19b	saying: "Is God able
לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃	19c	to prepare a table in the wilderness?
הֵ֤ן הִכָּה־צ֨וּר ׀ וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מַיִם֮	20a	Since he struck a rock so that waters gushed out
וּנְחָלִ֪ים יִ֫שְׁטֹ֥פוּ	20b	and streams began to flow,
הֲגַם־לֶ֭חֶם יוּכַל תֵּ֑ת	20c	is he able to give bread, too?
אִם־יָכִ֖ין שְׁאֵ֣ר לְעַמּֽוֹ׃	20d	Or can he provide meat for his people?"
לָכֵ֤ן ׀ שָׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֥ר	21a	Therefore, when YHWH heard he became furious;
וְ֭אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָ֣ה בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב	21b	fire flared up against Jacob
וְגַם־אַ֝֗ף עָלָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃	21c	and also anger rose against Israel,
כִּ֤י לֹ֣א הֶ֭אֱמִינוּ בֵּאלֹהִ֑ים	22a	because they had not believed in God
וְלֹ֥א בָ֝טְח֗וּ בִּֽישׁוּעָתֽוֹ׃	22b	and they had not trusted in his provision.
וַיְצַ֣ו שְׁחָקִ֣ים מִמָּ֑עַל	23a	So he ordered clouds from above
וְדַלְתֵ֖י שָׁמַ֣יִם פָּתָֽח׃	23b	and opened heavenly doors;
וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מָ֣ן לֶאֱכֹ֑ל	24a	he rained down upon them manna to eat
וּדְגַן־שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃	24b	and he gave them grain from heaven.
לֶ֣חֶם אַ֭בִּירִים אָ֣כַל אִ֑ישׁ	25a	People ate bread of angels;
צֵידָ֬ה שָׁלַ֖ח לָהֶ֣ם לָשֹֽׂבַע׃	25b	he sent them provisions until they were satisfied.
יַסַּ֣ע קָ֭דִים בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם	26a	He caused an east wind to blow in the sky
וַיְנַהֵ֖ג בְּעֻזּ֣וֹ תֵימָֽן׃	26b	and he drove a south wind with his might.
וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּעָפָ֣ר שְׁאֵ֑ר	27a	So he made meat rain upon them as dust
וּֽכְח֥וֹל יַ֝מִּ֗ים ע֣וֹף כָּנָֽף׃	27b	and [he made] winged birds [rain upon them] as the sand on the seashore,
וַ֭יַּפֵּל בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֵ֑הוּ	28a	and he made them fall inside his camp,
סָ֝בִ֗יב לְמִשְׁכְּנֹתָֽיו׃	28b	all around his tents.
וַיֹּאכְל֣וּ וַיִּשְׂבְּע֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד	29a	So they ate and were completely satisfied;
וְ֝תַֽאֲוָתָ֗ם יָבִ֥א לָהֶֽם׃	29b	when he brought them what they craved.
לֹא־זָר֥וּ מִתַּאֲוָתָ֑ם	30a	They had not turned away from the object of their craving
ע֝֗וֹד אָכְלָ֥ם בְּפִיהֶֽם׃	30b	—their food was still in their mouth—
וְאַ֤ף אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ עָ֘לָ֤ה בָהֶ֗ם	31a	when the anger of God rose against them
וַֽ֭יַּהֲרֹג בְּמִשְׁמַנֵּיהֶ֑ם	31b	and he killed some of their strong men
וּבַחוּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִכְרִֽיעַ׃	31c	and he struck down young men of Israel.
בְּכָל־זֹ֭את חָֽטְאוּ־ע֑וֹד	32a	In spite of this, they sinned again
וְלֹֽא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ בְּנִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו׃	32b	and did not trust in his wonderful deeds,
וַיְכַל־בַּהֶ֥בֶל יְמֵיהֶ֑ם	33a	so he made them spend their days in vain
וּ֝שְׁנוֹתָ֗ם בַּבֶּהָלָֽה׃	33b	and [he made them spend] their years in anguish.
אִם־הֲרָגָ֥ם וּדְרָשׁ֑וּהוּ	34a	Whenever he killed them, then they would seek him
וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל׃	34b	and again look for God.
וַֽ֭יִּזְכְּרוּ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֣ים צוּרָ֑ם	35a	They would remember that God was their rock
וְאֵ֥ל עֶ֝לְיוֹן גֹּאֲלָֽם׃	35b	and [that] God, the Most High, was their redeemer.
וַיְפַתּ֥וּהוּ בְּפִיהֶ֑ם	36a	But they were trying to deceive him with their mouth
וּ֝בִלְשׁוֹנָ֗ם יְכַזְּבוּ־לֽוֹ׃	36b	and with their tongue were lying to him.
וְ֭לִבָּם לֹא־נָכ֣וֹן עִמּ֑וֹ	37a	Their heart was not committed to him
וְלֹ֥א נֶ֝אֶמְנ֗וּ בִּבְרִיתֽוֹ׃	37b	and they were not faithful to his covenant.
וְה֤וּא רַח֨וּם ׀	38a	But he is compassionate.
יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָוֺן֮ וְֽלֹא־יַ֫שְׁחִ֥ית	38b	He forgives iniquity and does not destroy.
וְ֭הִרְבָּה לְהָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑וֹ	38c	He repeatedly turned back his anger.
וְלֹֽא־יָ֝עִיר כָּל־חֲמָתֽוֹ׃	38d	And he would not stir up all his wrath.
וַ֭יִּזְכֹּר כִּי־בָשָׂ֣ר הֵ֑מָּה	39a	He remembered that they were flesh,
ר֥וּחַ ה֝וֹלֵ֗ךְ וְלֹ֣א יָשֽׁוּב׃	39b	a breeze that goes by and will not return.