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FilterThe <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Property_page/Filter">search filter</a> allows the inclusion of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Query_expressions">query expressions</a> such as <code>~</code> or <code>!</code>. The selected <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Query_engine">query engine</a> might also support case insensitive matching or other short expressions like:<ul><li><code>in:</code> result should include the term, e.g. '<code>in:Foo</code>'</li></ul><ul><li><code>not:</code> result should to not include the term, e.g. '<code>not:Bar</code>'</li></ul>

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Psalm 2/Mathematical +

Monocola *v.12d Bicola *v.1ab *v.3ab *v.4ab *v.5ab *v.6ab *v.7ab ? *v.7cd ? *v.9ab *v.10ab *v.11ab Tricola *v.2abc *v.8abc *v.12abc ? Tetracola *v.7abcd ? *v.12abcd ? +

Psalm 4/Summary +

Outline 1 :'''1.''' Calling Out in Distress; opening address to Yahweh (v.2) ::'''2.''' Rebuking the Sons of Men; opening address to בני איש (v.3) :::'''3.''' Contemplative Silence at Night (vv.4-5, ודעו / ודמו) ::::'''4.''' Repentance (v.6) :::'''5.''' Abundance in the Morning (vv.7-8, רבים / רבו) :'''6.''' Lying Down in Peace (v.9) Outline 2 :Human Request: Give me relief :God’s response: Turn to me :Psalmist’s elaboration on advantages of turning to God ::A - Yahweh hears our call (personalized) ::B - Proper behavior to receive his blessings: do not sin, seek God, sacrifice, trust God ::C - Psalmist’s prayer for all men (universal - use of “us”) ::B - Psalmist’s declaration of the joy and peace God gives ::A - Psalmist’s prayer for his own personal safety (personalized) Outline 3'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B62-QINU`"' I. The call. (1) :A. What it is based on: Distress. :B. What distress accomplishes in the psalmist’s life. II. The questions. (2) :A. How long will honor be a reproach? :B. How long will you love what is worthless? :C. How long will you seek after leasing? (Leasing means lies.) III. The conclusion. (3) :A. God sets apart the Godly for Himself. :B. God hears them when they call. IV. Based on this, the instructions are: (4-5) :A. Stand in awe. :B. Sin not. :C. Commune with your own heart upon your bed. :D. Be still. :E. Offer the sacrifices of righteousness. :F. Put your trust in the Lord. V. The challenge and response. (6-8) :A. The challenge: Many are asking “Who will show us any good?” :B. The response. ::1. The countenance of God resting on him. ::2. Gladness of heart (more than those who rejoice at harvest time). ::3. Peace and rest. ::4. Dwelling in safety. {|class="wikitable" |+'''Figure 1''' ! Text (NIV) !! Parallelisms + ''Sub-division titles'' |- | Title: Life turned to Yahweh || |- | ''For the director of music. With stringed instruments. A Psalm of David.'' || Addressee and Author. Musical information. |- | || '''''Request for relief from distress''''' |- | 1 Answer me when I call to you, || |- | O my righteous God. || |- | Give me relief from my distress: || |- | Be merciful to me and hear my prayer. || |- | || '''''Divine rebuke of false gods''''' |- | 2 How long, O men, will you turn my glory into shame? || Parallel 1: How long + wrong doing |- | How long will you love delusions and seek false gods? || Parallel 1: How long + wrong doing |- | ''Selah'' || '''''Psalmist “personal” declaration''''' |- | 3 Know that Yahweh has set apart the godly for himself; || |- | Yahweh will hear when I call to him. || |- | || '''''Psalmist exhortation to turn to Yahweh''''' |- | 4 In your anger do not sin; || |- | When you are on your beds, || |- | Search your hearts and be silent. || |- | ''Selah'' || |- | 5 Offer right sacrifices || |- | And trust in Yahweh. || |- | || '''''Psalmist declaration of joy and peace available in trusting in Yahweh''''' |- | 6 Many are asking, “Who can show us any good?” || |- | Let the light of your face shine upon us, O Yahweh. || |- | 7 You have filled my heart with greater joy || |- | Than when their grain and new wine abound. || |- | 8 I will lie down and sleep in peace, || |- | For you alone, O Yahweh, || |- | Make me dwell in safety. || |} [[File:Psalm 4 Rhetorical-Poetic Outline.jpg|825px|class=img-fluid|Figure 1]]

Psalm 3/Summary +

Outline 1'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B2E-QINU`"' I. The situation. (1-2) :A. Adversaries increasing. :B. Many rising up against him. :C. Many saying, “There is no deliverance in God for him.” II. The supplication. (3-4) :A. An affirmation of who God is: ::1. My shield (shields went all around the body–total protection). See Ephesians 6:16. ::2. My glory (look beyond present shame to see God’s glory manifested in your life). ::3. The one who lifts up my head. :B. An affirmation of what God has done: ::1. He cried. ::2. God answered. The Holy Hill is Mt. Moriah where the temple was to be built. III. The security. (5-6) :A. He laid down and slept in the midst of the battle. :B. He awoke sustained. :C. His fear was conquered. IV. The salvation. (7-8) :A. God arises, and David is saved. :B. The enemy is smitten on the jaw and his teeth are shattered. (You face a toothless enemy!) :C. Salvation and blessing belong to God’s people. Outline 2 ::1. Description of the situation from human perspective (vv. 2-3) :::uses direct discourse (v. 3) ::2. Description of the situation from divine perspective of faith (vv. 4-7) :::reference to dialogue (v. 5) ::3. Psalmist’s request for divine intervention (deliverance and blessing) (vv. 8-9) {|class="wikitable" |+'''Figure 1''' ! Text (NIV) !! Parallelisms + ''Sub-division titles'' |- | Title: Prayer for protection || |- | ''A psalm of David. When he fled from his son Absalom.'' || '''''Historic indication.''''' |- | || '''''Description of situation from human perspective''''' |- | 1 O Lord, how many are my foes! || Parallel 1: “foe” |- | How many rise up against me! || Parallel 1: “against me” |- | 2 Many are saying of me, || |- | “God will not deliver him.” || |- | ''Selah'' || '''''Description of situation from divine perspective of faith''''' |- | 3 But you are a shield around me, O LORD; || |- | You bestow glory on me and lift up my head || |- | 4 To the LORD I cry aloud, || Couplet 1: Action |- | And he answers me from his holy hill. || Couplet 1: Result |- | ''Selah'' || |- | 5 I lie down and sleep; || Couplet 2: Action |- | I wake again, because the LORD sustains me. || Couplet 2: Result |- | 6 I will not fear the tens of thousands || |- | drawn up against me on every side. || |- | || '''''Psalmist’s request for divine intervention''''' |- | 7 Arise, O Lord! || Parallel: Arise |- | Deliver me, O my God! || Parallel: Deliver |- | Strike all my enemies on the jaw; || Parallel amplified: Strike |- | break the teeth of the wicked. || |- | 8 From the LORD comes deliverance. || |- | May your blessing be on your people. || |- | ''Selah'' || |}

Psalm 8/Summary +

Poetic Translation by Ryan Sikes :'''Yahweh our master,''' :'''Your name is majestic in all the earth!''' :Your royal worth is exalted* above the skies :At the cries of children. :You founded a fortress because of your foes :To stop a vengeful villain. :When I look at the skies, your hand-work of art, :The moon and stars installed, :How small is man to receive your regard! :The son of man, your call! :Yet you made him just shy of one deified, :With dignified honor his crown. :You give him reign over all your hands made. :Under his feet lay all down. :All kinds of livestock – cattle and sheep, :Even the beasts untamed :The birds of the sky, the fish of the sea :That travel the ocean’s ways. :'''Yahweh our master,''' :'''Your name is majestic in all the earth!''' +

Psalm 7/Summary +

Poetic Translation by Ryan Sikes :2Yahweh, my God, I’ve sheltered in you. :Save me! Give rescue from those in pursuit. :3Lest like a lion they prey on my life. :Pouncing and tearing with no help in sight. :4Yahweh, my God, if I have done this. :If there is in my hands injustice. :5If I have treated my friend with disdain. :And rescued my foe meanwhile for no gain. :6Then let an enemy pursue me and take :My life to the ground and crush :And bury my honor deep down in the dust. :7Get up, Yahweh, in your wrath! :Rise up to the rage of my foes! :Wake up for me with judgment decreed! :8Assemble the peoples around your throne :Return over them to the highest peak. :9Yahweh judges the world. :Yahweh, give justice to me! :Judge by my righteous integrity. :10Oh, that all evil would come to an end, :And you would establish the righteous! :The one who tests hearts and minds is :A God who is righteous. :11My battle shield is on God’s arm :Who saves the upright in heart from harm. :12God–he is a judge who’s upright. :A god who scolds each day and night. :13Surely, again, he will sharpen his sword :He’s stepped on his bow; prepared it for war. :14He’s readied his deadly weapons to slay :And fashions his arrows to fiery flames. :15Look! The wicked are pregnant with doom! :Harm is conceived; guile exits the womb! :16He hollowed a cistern and dug it down deep :And fell in the pit he had hidden for me. :17His harm will come back upon his own crown. :On his own head, his violence comes down. :18I will praise Yahweh, for he is upright! :I will sing of the name of Yahweh Most High! +

Psalm 4/Summary +

Poetic Translation by Ryan Sikes :When I call, respond to me, my God of righteousness. ::In my distress, you gave relief. :Be kind; hear my request. :Sons of men, how long will you make my honor disgrace, ::Embrace what is hollow, ::Follow what is fake? :Know that Yahweh singles out the godly as his own. ::Yahweh hears me when to him I groan. :Tremble! Do not err! ::Lie in silence! Think with care! :Make your sacrifices right ::And trust in Yahweh! :There are many saying, “Who will satisfy our want? ::Shine on us, oh Yahweh, like the morning sun!” :You’ve made my heart to overflow with joyful ecstasy ::Ever since the time you made their grain and wine increase. :When I lie down for the night, I will sleep in peace, ::For you, Yahweh, and you alone, ::Make me rest at ease. Poetic Translation by Brad Willits Title: Turn to God :Oh Just God, listen to my cry for help. :Come to my aid in your mercy. :You look at mankind and say,1 :“How long with you reject my powerful help :Instead of calling on that which is powerless? :How long will you be deceived by that which is weak :Claiming to be powerful?”2 :I assure you my brothers3 :That God loves those who love him.4 :I know this personally.5 :He responds when I call Him. :When you get angry, refrain from lashing out. :Stay calm and reflect on what is best. :Offer to God a righteous behavior.6 :Trust that he will see you through. :Many of you are wondering :where can we find something beautiful in this life. :My response to you is wrapped up in this prayer:7 :Oh God Yahweh, shine your beauty down on my brothers :As you have upon me. :You have given me great joy :Like an abundant harvest, like an amazing vintage. :You give me peaceful rest8 :As only you the Great Protector Yahweh can. Footnotes #Added to clarify the speaker #Tried to underline the powerful-weakness contrast between Yahweh and false “gods”. Kept the notion of “gods” broader than idols or entities called deities. #The reference to “my brothers” serves to show the reader who the Psalmist is speaking to. #Focused on the idea that “godly people” love God; and that he responds to that love with loving assistance. This seems to fit the theme of the Psalm, though it is clear that the relationship is broader than that. #Underlining the personal component of the Psalmist who is passing on his experience. #Maintains the concept of sacrifice with the verb “offer” in a somewhat veiled fashion, and interprets this according to the immediate context of anger and not lashing out. #Added in order to combine the notion of answering the question of people wondering where “good” can come from and the Psalmists prayer (i.e. Shine…) along side his personal experience. #The idea of “peaceful rest” communicates the concept better to the modern reader rather than the literal action of “sleeping.”

Psalm 8/Context +

Ps. 8:3ab *LXX: ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων κατηρτίσω αἶνον *'''Matt. 21:16''' (quotation [LXX]): ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων κατηρτίσω αἶνον Ps. 8:7b *LXX: πάντα ὑπέταξας ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ *'''1 Cor. 15:27''' (quotation): πάντα γὰρ ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ. *'''Eph. 1:22''' (allusion): καὶ πάντα ὑπέταξεν ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας αὐτοῦ Ps. 8:5-6, 7b *LXX: τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ, ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ὅτι ἐπισκέπτῃ αὐτόν; ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ᾽ ἀγγέλους δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν... πάντα ὑπέταξας ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ *'''Heb. 2:6-8''' (quotation [LXX]): τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ, ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ὅτι ἐπισκέπτῃ αὐτόν; ἠλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ᾽ ἀγγέλους, δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ἐστεφάνωσας αὐτόν, πάντα ὑπέταξας ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ. The NT is clear in its interpretation of this psalm as ''messianic.'' Modern scholarship, on the other hand, would disagree with this interpretation. Kraus, for example, writes that "in Psalm 8 there is not even a trace of this eschatological-messianic message of the NT."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F66-QINU`"' Even an evangelical commentator like Allen Ross says that "the psalm is not a messianic psalm."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F67-QINU`"' Such a reading is, according to Craigie, "not evidently implicit in the psalm in its original meaning and context."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F68-QINU`"' Despite what modern scholarship claims, a careful reading of Psalm 8 in its original context and co-text (the book of Psalms) suggests that the Psalm is indeed messianic. The following points are worth consideration in this regard. #The Psalter is a messianic book.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F69-QINU`"' #Psalm 8 was written by King David (לדוד, v.1), Yahweh's anointed king (=משׁיח, Messiah). #In Psalm 8, David writes about the universal dominion given to humanity (cf. Gen. 1:26-28). #David himself was promised universal dominion (cf. Ps. 2:7-9). #For this reason, David appeared to view himself (and his offspring) as a new kind of Adam (cf. Ps. 2:6 [נָסַכְתִּי, a metallurgical term that recalls the creation of Adam as God's צלם]). #Adam's rule was over all animals (Ps. 8:8-9); David's rule was to be over all nations (Ps. 2:8-9). In the book of Psalms (as elsewhere in the Bible [cf. Daniel 7], David's enemies are depicted metaphorically as animals (e.g., Ps. 22:13-14). #David knew that this universal rule would not be realized in his lifetime, but in that of his offspring (2 Sam. 7:12).

Psalm 4/Summary +

Section 1 (v.2) --> Section 2 (v.3) *change in addressee *direct address (בְּנֵי אִישׁ) *verbless clause (v.3a) *phonological anaphora: בְּ + stressed hireq yod *Line length: 11 syllables. (cf. v.2a) *rhetorical question Section 2 (v.3) --> Section 3 (vv.4-5) *''selah'' *opening of inclusio (וּדְעוּ / וְדֹמּוּ) *disjunctive ''waw'' *imperative *Hiphil (anaphora, cf. v.2b) *reference to Yahweh (2x) *lexical recursion (בקראי, שׁמע – anaphora, cf. v.2ac) *phonological recursion (בקראי, שׁמע, פל, אל – anaphora, cf. v.2ac) *Line length: 11 syllables. (cf. v.2a, 3a) Section 3 (vv.4-5) --> Section 4 (v.6) *closing of inclusio (וּדְעוּ / וְדֹמּוּ) *''selah'' (v.5b) *shift in line length (12 syllables [v.5b] --> 5 syllables [v.6a]) *evocative imagery (v.5b): night-time silence (epiphora, cf. v.9) *shift in mood (shaking, anger, somber reflection at night --> worshiping and trusting in Yahweh) Section 4 (v.6) --> Section 5 (vv.7-8) *opening of inclusio (רַבִּים / רַבּוּ) *shift in addressee (v.6 concludes the address to בני איש) *participial clause (v.7a) *line length: 10 syllables (v.7a) *direct speech *rhetorical question (v.7a) Section 5 (vv.7-8) --> Section 6 (v.9) *closing of inclusio (רַבִּים / רַבּוּ) *length of lines: 11 syllables (v.8b; v.9a) *phonological anaphora: בְּ (v.9a; cf. v.2a, 3a) *marked word order (בשׁלום יחדו) *direct address to Yahweh (v.9b) +

Psalm 4/Summary +

Section 1 (v.2) *Poetic: Tricolon (ABA') *Phonology: final hireq yod; line initial בְּ preposition (v.2ab) *Verbs: Qal, Imperatives, 2ms *Nouns: 2nd person address to Yahweh, 1cs pronominal suffix Section 2 (v. 3) *Poetic: Tricolon (ABB') *Lexical Semantics: lines ending in semantically similar nouns: כלמה ("shame"), ריק ("emptiness"), כזב ("falsehood") *Verbs: Qal, yiqtol, 2mp *Nouns: 2nd person address to בני אישׁ *Figurative: rhetorical questions Section 3 (vv.4-5) *Poetic: inclusio (ודעו / ודמו); bicolic *Verbs: Qal, Imperatives, 2mp; stative verbs (ודעו, ודמו) *Nouns: 2nd person address to בני אישׁ *Figurative: evocative imagery (contemplative silence, lying in bed, quaking in anger/fear) *Prosodic: unmarked line length at vv.4b-5a Section 4 (v.6) *Poetic: tersness; parallelism *Phonology: חוּ– *Nouns: 2nd person address to בני אישׁ *Verbs: Qal, Imperatives, 2mp Section 5 (vv.7-8) *Poetic: inclusio (רבים / רבו); bicolic *Phonology: nasals; long a-vowel; liquid (ר/ל) + voiced labial plosive (בּ) *Character Features: alternation of person to form chiasm: 3//2 2//3 *Figurative: positive evocative imagery; goodness (v.7a), light (v.7b), joy (v.8a), abundance of grain and wine (v.8b) *Prosodic: unmarked line length at vv.7b-8a Section 6 (v. 9) *Poetic: Tricolon (ABC) *Nouns: 2nd person address to Yahweh *Particles: כִּי (v.9b) *Figurative: image of lying down to sleep +

Psalm 5/Summary +

Section 1 (vv.2-3) :Section 2 (vv.4-8) ::'''A''' Section 2.1 (v.4) ::'''B''' Section 2.2 (vv.5-7) ::'''C''' Section 2.3 (v.8) :Section 3 (vv.9-12) ::'''A'''' Section 3.1 (v.9) ::'''B'''' Section 3.2 (vv.10-11) ::'''C'''' Section 3.3 (v.12) Section 4 (v.13) +

Psalm 7/Phonology +

Section 1 (vv.2-3) *repetition of צִּילֵ (vv. 2b, 3b) and the similar sounding שִׁי (vv. 2b, 3a) *alliteration: רֹ֜דְפַ֗י / יִטְרֹ֣ף (dental [ד/ט] + ר + פ/ף) *alliteration: כְּאַרְיֵ֣ה נַ / רֵ֗ק וְאֵ֣ין (velar + א + ר + glide + נ) *alliteration of line initial פּ (v.3ab) Section 2 (vv.4-6) *repetition of אִם (vv. 4ab, 5a) *alliteration: עָשִׂ֣יתִי זֹ֑את (sibilant [שׂ/ז] + ת) *alliteration and rhyme (v.5ab): שֽׁוֹלְמִ֥י // צוֹרְרִ֣י (sibilant [שׁ/צ] + sonorants [למ/רר]); same vowels *alliteration of ר (v.5ab) and צ (v.5b) *alliteration of glides (6ab) *rhyme + alliteration: יִֽרַדֹּ֥ף // יִרְמֹ֣ס (v.6ab) Section 3 (vv.7-9) *repetition of II-ו verbs with הָ ending: ק֨וּמָ֤ה (v.7a), וְע֥וּרָה (v.7c), שֽׁוּבָה (v.8b) *alliteration (v.7ab): בְּאַפֶּ֗ךָ // בְּעַבְר֣וֹת (''b'' + guttural [א/ע] + labial [פ/ב]) *repetition of וע at beginning of lines (7c, 8a, 8b) *alliteration (v.8ab): לְ֭אֻמִּים // לַמָּר֥וֹם (ל + מ[x2]) *alliteration (v.8ab): תְּסוֹבְבֶ֑ךָּ // שֽׁוּבָה (sibilant [שׁ/ס] + ב) Section 4 (vv.9b-10) *repetition of צדק (vv. 9c, 10bd) *alliteration of ר (v.10a) *rhyme (v.10bc): וּתְכוֹנֵ֪ן // וּבֹחֵ֣ן *rhyming consecutive words (v.10c): לִ֭בּ֗וֹת וּכְלָי֗וֹת Section 5 (vv.11-14) *assonance: long ō-vowel (vv.11-14) *alliteration of אל/על (vv.11a, 12ab) *alliteration of line-initial מ (v.11ab); line-final ם (v.12b); אם (v.13a) *alliteration of שׁ (vv.11b,12a, 13ab) *rhyme (v.12ab): שׁוֹפֵ֣ט // זֹעֵ֥ם *repetition of line-initial לא/לו (vv.13a, 14a) *alliteration (שׁ + dental) and assonance (long ō): יִלְט֑וֹשׁ (v.13a) // קַשְׁתּ֥וֹ (v.13b) *repetition of כון (vv.13b, 14a) *alliteration (velar + liquid): כְּלֵי (v.14a) // לְֽדֹלְקִ֥ים (v.14b) Section 6 (vv.15-17) *"Note the word play on יפל and יפעל."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DFB-QINU`"' *alliteration (guttural + labial + liquid): חַבֶּל (v.15a), עָ֜מָ֗ל (v.15b), יִפְעָֽל (v.16b) עֲמָל֣ (v.17a) *alliteration (labial + liquid): בּ֣וֹר (v.16a), חְפְּרֵ֑ (v.16a), וַ֜יִּפֹּ֗ל (v.16b), בְרֹא (v.17a) *alliteration and rhyme: עֲמָל֣וֹ (v.17a), חֲמָס֥וֹ (v.17b) *assonance (long ō): v.17ab Section 7 (v.18) *assonance (long ō): v.18ab *repetition of יהוה (v.18ab) *alliteration of line initial א (v.18ab) *alliteration of sibilant + מ/ם (v.18b)

Psalm 6/Summary +

Section 1 (vv.2-4) *[[#Addressee change|character features]]: 2nd person address to Yahweh *fourfold repetition of the [[#References to God|tetragrammaton]] (vv.2a, 3ab, 4a) *[[#Range of emotions|emotional]]: sadness/grief + fear *[[#Communicative function|pragmatic]]: invocation & complaint *lexical semantics: [[#Repeated words|repetition]] of נבהל (vv.3b, 4a) *architectonic: parallelism (vv.2ab, 3ab; 4ab); chiasm connecting v.3b and v.4a (see [[#Chiasms|above]]) *[[#Alternative prosody and syllable counts|prosodic]]: 24 words Section 2 (vv.5-6) *[[#Addressee change|character features]]: 2nd person address to Yahweh *[[#Range of emotions|emotional]]: sadness/grief + anticipation *[[#Communicative function|pragmatic]]: petition (v.5) + basis (v.6) *discourse words: vv.5-6 connected by כִּי *architectonic: parallelism (vv.5ab, 6ab) *[[#Alternative prosody and syllable counts|prosodic]]: 15 words Section 3 (vv.7-8) Strophe 3 "is a nocturne and is characterized by the description of personal misery, with a chain of prepositional adjuncts, rhymes and five verbal predicates; three of these are perfect forms and surround the other two, which are situated in the chiasm of v.7bc."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA8-QINU`"' *[[#Addressee change|character features]]: 1st person; no mention of Yahweh *[[#Range of emotions|emotional]]: deep grief *[[#Communicative function|pragmatic]]: lament *verbs: assertive modality (no [[#Verb forms|volitives]]) *nouns: [[#Gender|feminine nouns]] *figurative language (esp. hyperbole); evocative language; graphic imagery *phonology: alliteration of guttural + sonorant/sibilant; repetition of תִּי (see [[#Sound combinations|above]]) *lexical semantics: rare vocabulary (see [[#Rare words|above]]) *architectonic: parallelism (vv.7abc, 8ab); [[#Chiasms|chiasm]] at center (v.7bc) *[[#Alternative prosody and syllable counts|prosodic]]: 15 words Section 4 (vv.9-11) *[[#Addressee change|character features]]: enemies as addressee (vv.9-10) and subject (vv.9a; 11ab [inclusio]); 3rd person reference to Yahweh (vv.9a-10ab) *[[#Range of emotions|emotional]]: anger + confident expectation *[[#Communicative function|pragmatic]]: command/rebuke (v.9a) + profession (vv.9b-10ab) + petition (v.11ab) *discourse words: כִּי connecting vv.9b-10ab with v.9a. *lexical semantics: [[#Repeated words|repetition]] of כֹּל, שׁמע, יֵבֹשׁוּ *architectonic: parallelism (vv.9ab, 10ab, 11ab) *[[#Alternative prosody and syllable counts|prosodic]]: 24 words

Psalm 3/Summary +

Section 1 --> Section 2 *direct speech (v.3b) *occurrence of ''selah'' (v.3b) *''waw'' + independent personal pronoun (v.4a) *direct address (v.4a, anaphora) *verbless clause (v.4ab) *figurative language (v.4ab) *change in subject --enemies (vv.2-3) --> Yahweh (v.4) *change in rhythm (vv.2-3: 3 stress units; v.4a: 4 stress units) *illocutionary shift: complaint --> profession Section 2 --> Section 3 *DEF/CAN parallelism (v.5ab) *occurrence of ''selah'' (v.5b) *independent personal pronoun (v.6a, anaphora) Section 3 --> Section 4 *enemies as subject (v.7b) *imperatives *direct address (anaphora) *lexical recursion: ישׁע, קוּם *abrupt change in rhythm/line length: 4 stress units and 8 syllables (v.7b) --> 2 stress units and 4 syllables (v.8a) *illocutionary shift: profession --> petition Section 4 --> Section 5 ? a number of features may indicate a boundary at v.9: *fronted divine name (v.9a, anaphora) *change in subject: Yahweh (v.8) --> Yahweh's deliverance/blessing (v.9) *illocutionary shift: petition (v.8) --> profession (v.9) *change in rhythm; reduction in line length *mention of new entity: Yahweh's people (v.9b, עַמְּךָ) +

Psalm 3/Summary +

Section 1 *Phonology: sonorant + labial; nasals; stressed hireq yod; ים ending *Verbs: participles; plural *Nouns: plural; enemies as subject (vv.2a-3a) and speaker (v.3b); Yahweh as addressee; divine names forming inclusio (v.2a, 3b) *Particles: asyndeton *Mathematical: bicolic; 7-9 syllables/line; 3 stress-units/line *Pragmatic: Complaint/Lament Section 2 *Phonology: ō + stressed hireq yod *Verbs: first person verbs; *Nouns: singular nouns; 1cs pronominal suffixes; Yahweh as addressee (v.4ab), subject (vv.4ab, 5b), and object (v.5a) *Mathematical: bicolic; 7-9 syllables/line; 3-4 stress-units/line *Pragmatic: Profession Section 3 *Phonology: sibilants *Verbs: 1st person *Nouns: singular; alternating perspective (1st person --> 3rd person); no direct address to Yahweh *Mathematical: bicolic; 7-11 syllables/line; 3-4 stress-units/line *Pragmatic: Profession Section 4 *Verbs: 2nd person verbs *Nouns: Yahweh as addressee and subject *Mathematical: bicolic; 2-3 stress-units/line *Pragmatic: Petition/Profession +

Psalm 3/Summary +

Sections 1 & 4 *Lexical Semantics **ישׁע - Strophes A and A’ feature the noun/verb “deliver/ance” יָשַׁע / יְשׁוּעָה (vv. 3, 8, 9). **קוּם (v.2b; v.8a) **יהוה + אלהים (vv.2-3; v.8ab) **words for enemies/wicked: צָרָי (v.2a), קָמִים (v.2b), אֹיְבַי (v.8c), רְשָׁעִים (v.8d) *Morphology **plural nouns: צָרָי (v.2a), רַבִּ֗ים (v.2b), רַבִּ֗ים (v.3a), בֵאלֹהִים (v.3b), אֱלֹהַי (v.8b), אֹיְבַי (v.8c), שִׁנֵּי (v.8d), רְשָׁעִים (v.8d) **feminine nouns: לְנַפְשִׁי (v.3a), יְשׁוּעָתָה (v.3b), שִׁנֵּי (v.8d), הַיְשׁוּעָה (v.9a), בִרְכָתֶךָ (v.9b) *Pragmatics **Yahweh as addressee in both sections **petition (section 4) as resolution to the complaint (section 1) Sections 2 & 3 *Pragmatics **both sections are professions of trust *Morphology **1st person verbs **singular nouns v.3 & v.4 There is an interesting chiastic connection between v.3 and v.4 noted by Auffret'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B27-QINU`"' and Keslman'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B28-QINU`"' ::'''c'''בֵֽאלֹהִ֬ים׃ '''b'''אֵ֤ין יְֽשׁוּעָ֓תָה לּ֬וֹ '''a'''רַבִּים֘ אֹמְרִ֪ים לְנַ֫פְשִׁ֥י ::'''a''''כְּ֜בוֹדִ֗י וּמֵרִ֥ים רֹאשִֽׁי׃ '''b''''מָגֵ֣ן בַּעֲדִ֑י '''c''''וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֭הוָה '''a''' and '''a'''' are related phonologically: the phrase מֵרִים רֹאשִׁי sounds very much like אֹמְרִים לְנַפְשִׁי. '''b''' and '''b'''' are also related phonologically (מָגֵן rhymes with אֵין) as well as semantically (יְֽשׁוּעָתָה corresponds to מָגֵן). '''c'''' corresponds to '''c''' in that both reference Yahweh (בֵאלֹהִים / יְהוָה). The chiastic relationship between the two verses is undergirded by the prosodic structure (3ab: 9 + 8 = 17 // 4ab: 8 + 9 = 17). Another point of connection that does not fit the chiasm but nevertheless reinforces the overall connection between these verses is the phonological repetition of תָּ in 3b (יְֽשׁוּעָתָה) and 4a (וְאַתָּה). The connections between these verses have led some scholars to avoid a sectional division between v.3 and v.4. Kselman, for instance, proposes the following structure:'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B29-QINU`"' ::Section 1 (vv. 2-4) :::Section 2 (vv. 5-7) ::Section 3 (vv. 8-9) While the connections between v.3 and v.4 cannot be denied, they need not result in the binding of these verses together into one section. Other features strongly suggest a sectional division at this point (see [[#Discontinuity & boundaries|above]]). The connection may instead function as a hinge between sections 1 and 2 (anadiplosis).

Psalm 9/Lexical Semantics +

Semantic Density *'''v.8a.''' ישׁב may mean either sit (=metonymy for reign [sit on a throne]) or inhabit (=inhabit a city). The former meaning is clearly in view, since the b-line refers to a throne (כסא, v.8b). And yet the latter meaning is also implied in the contrast with the enemies' cities (ערים, v.7bc). Their cities are wiped out, but Yahweh forever inhabits Zion (cf. v.12a). +

Psalm 3/Lexical Semantics +

Semantic Density This refers to lexical or syntactic elements that have two (or more) possible senses, both of which could apply in the context of occurrence, e.g., “my glory”—objective and/or subjective pronoun (4b); “lift head” in deliverance and/or judicial vindication (4b); “holy hill”—reference to Temple Mount and/or God’s heavenly sanctuary (5b); verb tenses in vv. 6-7, narrative sequence (NET) and/or habitual state (NIV); כִּי explanatory and/or emphatic (8c); “blessing” of deliverance, answered prayer, and/or general well-being (shalom) (9b). +

Psalm 3/Variants +

Septuagint '''v.3b.''' τῷ θεῷ αὐτοῦ (באלהיו) '''v.9b.''' καὶ (ו) at the beginning of v.9b. '''v.9b.''' omission of διάψαλμα at the end of the psalm +

Psalm 10/Summary +

Strophe Divisions A :לָמָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תַּעֲמֹ֣ד בְּרָח֑וֹק :תַּ֜עְלִ֗ים לְעִתּ֥וֹת בַּצָּרָֽה׃ :בְּגַאֲוַ֣ת רָ֭שָׁע יִדְלַ֣ק עָנִ֑י :יִתָּפְשׂ֓וּ׀ בִּמְזִמּ֖וֹת ז֣וּ חָשָֽׁבוּ׃ B :כִּֽי־הִלֵּ֣ל רָ֭שָׁע עַל־תַּאֲוַ֣ת נַפְשׁ֑וֹ :וּבֹצֵ֥עַ בֵּ֜רֵ֗ךְ נִ֨אֵ֥ץ׀ יְהוָֽה׃ :רָשָׁ֗ע כְּגֹ֣בַהּ אַ֭פּוֹ בַּל־יִדְרֹ֑שׁ :אֵ֥ין אֱ֜לֹהִ֗ים כָּל־מְזִמּוֹתָֽיו׃ C :יָ֨חִ֤ילוּ דְרָכָ֙ו׀ בְּכָל־עֵ֗ת :מָר֣וֹם מִ֭שְׁפָּטֶיךָ מִנֶּגְדּ֑וֹ :כָּל־צ֜וֹרְרָ֗יו יָפִ֥יחַ בָּהֶֽם׃ :אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ בַּל־אֶמּ֑וֹט :לְדֹ֥ר וָ֜דֹ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־בְרָֽע׃ D :אָלָ֤ה פִּ֣יהוּ מָ֭לֵא וּמִרְמ֣וֹת וָתֹ֑ךְ :תַּ֥חַת לְ֜שׁוֹנ֗וֹ עָמָ֥ל וָאָֽוֶן׃ :יֵשֵׁ֤ב׀ בְּמַאְרַ֬ב חֲצֵרִ֗ים :בַּֽ֭מִּסְתָּרִים יַהֲרֹ֣ג נָקִ֑י : עֵ֜ינָ֗יו לְֽחֵלְכָ֥ה יִצְפֹּֽנוּ׃ E :יֶאֱרֹ֬ב בַּמִּסְתָּ֙ר׀ כְּאַרְיֵ֬ה בְסֻכֹּ֗ה :יֶ֭אֱרֹב לַחֲט֣וֹף עָנִ֑י :יַחְטֹ֥ף עָ֜נִ֗י בְּמָשְׁכ֥וֹ בְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ :וִדְכֶּה יָשֹׁ֑חַ :וְנָפַ֥ל בַּ֜עֲצוּמָ֗יו חֵלְכָּאִים׃ :אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ שָׁ֣כַֽח אֵ֑ל :הִסְתִּ֥יר פָּ֜נָ֗יו בַּל־רָאָ֥ה לָנֶֽצַח׃ F :קוּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֭ל נְשָׂ֣א יָדֶ֑ךָ :אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח עֲנָיִים׃ :עַל־מֶ֤ה׀ נִאֵ֖ץ רָשָׁ֥ע׀ אֱלֹהִ֑ים :אָמַ֥ר בְּ֜לִבּ֗וֹ לֹ֣א תִּדְרֹֽשׁ׃ G :רָאִ֡תָה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה׀ עָ֨מָ֤ל וָכַ֙עַס׀ תַּבִּיט֘ :לָתֵ֪ת בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ :עָ֭לֶיךָ יַעֲזֹ֣ב חֵלֶ֑כָה :יָ֜ת֗וֹם אַתָּ֤ה׀ הָיִ֬יתָ עוֹזֵֽר׃ H :שְׁ֭בֹר זְר֣וֹעַ רָשָׁ֑ע וָ֜רָ֗ע :תִּֽדְרוֹשׁ־רִשְׁע֥וֹ בַל־תִּמְצָֽא׃ :יְהוָ֣ה מֶ֭לֶךְ עוֹלָ֣ם וָעֶ֑ד :אָבְד֥וּ ג֜וֹיִ֗ם מֵֽאַרְצֽוֹ׃ I :תַּאֲוַ֬ת עֲנָוִ֣ים שָׁמַ֣עְתָּ יְהוָ֑ה :תָּכִ֥ין לִ֜בָּ֗ם תַּקְשִׁ֥יב אָזְנֶֽךָ׃ :לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט יָת֗וֹם וָ֫דָ֥ךְ :בַּל־יוֹסִ֥יף ע֑וֹד :לַעֲרֹ֥ץ אֱ֜נ֗וֹשׁ מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃ Stanza Divisions I :לָמָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תַּעֲמֹ֣ד בְּרָח֑וֹק :תַּ֜עְלִ֗ים לְעִתּ֥וֹת בַּצָּרָֽה׃ :בְּגַאֲוַ֣ת רָ֭שָׁע יִדְלַ֣ק עָנִ֑י :יִתָּפְשׂ֓וּ׀ בִּמְזִמּ֖וֹת ז֣וּ חָשָֽׁבוּ׃ :כִּֽי־הִלֵּ֣ל רָ֭שָׁע עַל־תַּאֲוַ֣ת נַפְשׁ֑וֹ :וּבֹצֵ֥עַ בֵּ֜רֵ֗ךְ נִ֨אֵ֥ץ׀ יְהוָֽה׃ :רָשָׁ֗ע כְּגֹ֣בַהּ אַ֭פּוֹ בַּל־יִדְרֹ֑שׁ :אֵ֥ין אֱ֜לֹהִ֗ים כָּל־מְזִמּוֹתָֽיו׃ :יָ֨חִ֤ילוּ דְרָכָ֙ו׀ בְּכָל־עֵ֗ת :מָר֣וֹם מִ֭שְׁפָּטֶיךָ מִנֶּגְדּ֑וֹ :כָּל־צ֜וֹרְרָ֗יו יָפִ֥יחַ בָּהֶֽם׃ :אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ בַּל־אֶמּ֑וֹט :לְדֹ֥ר וָ֜דֹ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־בְרָֽע׃ II :אָלָ֤ה פִּ֣יהוּ מָ֭לֵא וּמִרְמ֣וֹת וָתֹ֑ךְ :תַּ֥חַת לְ֜שׁוֹנ֗וֹ עָמָ֥ל וָאָֽוֶן׃ :יֵשֵׁ֤ב׀ בְּמַאְרַ֬ב חֲצֵרִ֗ים :בַּֽ֭מִּסְתָּרִים יַהֲרֹ֣ג נָקִ֑י : עֵ֜ינָ֗יו לְֽחֵלְכָ֥ה יִצְפֹּֽנוּ׃ :יֶאֱרֹ֬ב בַּמִּסְתָּ֙ר׀ כְּאַרְיֵ֬ה בְסֻכֹּ֗ה :יֶ֭אֱרֹב לַחֲט֣וֹף עָנִ֑י :יַחְטֹ֥ף עָ֜נִ֗י בְּמָשְׁכ֥וֹ בְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ :וִדְכֶּה יָשֹׁ֑חַ :וְנָפַ֥ל בַּ֜עֲצוּמָ֗יו חֵלְכָּאִים׃ :אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ שָׁ֣כַֽח אֵ֑ל :הִסְתִּ֥יר פָּ֜נָ֗יו בַּל־רָאָ֥ה לָנֶֽצַח׃ III :קוּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֭ל נְשָׂ֣א יָדֶ֑ךָ :אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח עֲנָיִים׃ :עַל־מֶ֤ה׀ נִאֵ֖ץ רָשָׁ֥ע׀ אֱלֹהִ֑ים :אָמַ֥ר בְּ֜לִבּ֗וֹ לֹ֣א תִּדְרֹֽשׁ׃ :רָאִ֡תָה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה׀ עָ֨מָ֤ל וָכַ֙עַס׀ תַּבִּיט֘ :לָתֵ֪ת בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ :עָ֭לֶיךָ יַעֲזֹ֣ב חֵלֶ֑כָה :יָ֜ת֗וֹם אַתָּ֤ה׀ הָיִ֬יתָ עוֹזֵֽר׃ :שְׁ֭בֹר זְר֣וֹעַ רָשָׁ֑ע וָ֜רָ֗ע :תִּֽדְרוֹשׁ־רִשְׁע֥וֹ בַל־תִּמְצָֽא׃ :יְהוָ֣ה מֶ֭לֶךְ עוֹלָ֣ם וָעֶ֑ד :אָבְד֥וּ ג֜וֹיִ֗ם מֵֽאַרְצֽוֹ׃ :תַּאֲוַ֬ת עֲנָוִ֣ים שָׁמַ֣עְתָּ יְהוָ֑ה :תָּכִ֥ין לִ֜בָּ֗ם תַּקְשִׁ֥יב אָזְנֶֽךָ׃ :לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט יָת֗וֹם וָ֫דָ֥ךְ :בַּל־יוֹסִ֥יף ע֑וֹד :לַעֲרֹ֥ץ אֱ֜נ֗וֹשׁ מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Psalm 9/Mathematical +

Strophe *'''vv.4-7.''' '''a''' אוֹיְבַ֥י '''b''' וְ֝יֹאבְד֗וּ '''c''' מִשְׁפָּטִ֣י '''c'''' שׁוֹפֵ֥ט '''b'''' אִבַּ֣דְתָּ '''a'''' הָֽאוֹיֵ֨ב. The enemies (a) are destroyed (b) as the result of God's judgment (c). Part of the pattern appears to continue in the following verses (7c-9): '''b''' אָבַ֖ד '''c''' לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט '''c''' יִשְׁפֹּֽט *'''vv.6-7.''' abb'a' *'''vv.18-19.''' abb'a' +