Property: Connections
From Psalms: Layer by Layer
This is a property of type Text.
P
The ''niphal'' verb in v. 2b (נֹוסְדוּ) corresponds phonologically and orthographically to the only other ''niphal'' verb in the psalm (הִוָּסְרוּ, v. 10b). This correspondence tightens the contrastive link between what the rebellious kings are saying in section A and what they are commanded to do in section A'. +, The ''hiphil'' verb in v. 3a (וְנַשְׁלִיכָה) happens to correspond phonologically and orthographically with the only other ''hiphil'' verb in the psalm (הַשְׂכִּ֑ילוּ, v. 10a). This correspondence tightens the contrastive link between what the rebellious kings are saying in section A and what they are commanded to do in section A'. +
The alliteration of sonorants, as well as rhyme and syntactic similarity, clearly indicates a connection between these phrases in v.3b and v.4b. "Both the rhyme and the syntactical similarity (participle with noun complement referring to the poet) contrast effectively with the dissimilarity in content of v. 3a (referring to the hostile activity of the psalmist's foes) and 4b (speaking of Yahweh's defensive activity on behalf of the psalmist)."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A71-QINU`"' +
The cohortatives spoken by the rebels (v.3) are met by those of Yahweh (v.8b) and his king (v.7a). +
The connections between vv.2-3 and vv.12, 15 is strengthened by the use of cohortatives. +
The declarations of rebellion in v.3 are answered by Yahweh (v.8b) and his king (v.7a). +
The determined nouns in v.6bc are parallel. There is a distant connection between these nouns (v.6bc) and the other determined noun (לַמָּרוֹם) in v.8b. All three nouns are prefixed with the ל preposition and refer to locations (ground, dust, high-place). The locations referred to in v.6bc are '''low''', whereas v.8b refers to "the '''high''' place" (see [[#Figures of speech|below]]. +
The language of inheritance (v.8) is connected to the language of sonship (v.7). Intertextual connection to 2 Samuel 7. +, The kings of the earth (v.2ab, v.10ab) are contrasted with the divine king of heaven (v.4a), whose authority is manifested through a human king on earth. This human king is referred to as מְשִׁיחוֹ (v.2c), מַלְכִּי (v.6a), בְּנִי (v.7c), and בַר (v.12a). +
section 2 --> section 4 +, section 1 --> section 4 +, The occurrences of this word as well as the sections in which it occurs (section 1 -; section 4) are connected. Τhe connection is reinforced by the cooccurrence of the adverb מאד (vv.4a, 11a). The psalmist prays for a reversal, so that the pain he experiences in body and soul (3d-4a) would afflict his enemies instead (11a). "He asks the LORD to turn the tables and cause his enemies to know what absolute dread feels like—in this case, God’s judgment inflicted upon those who unjustly attack his people.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D17-QINU`"' +
The psalmist prays to be guided in Yahweh's righteousness (v.9a), because it is the righteous whom Yahweh blesses (v.13a) +, The repetition of כל + bound-phrase may be intended to highlight the contrast between the wicked (v.6a; LXX: v.7a) and the righteous (v.12a; LXX: v.12d). +, The repetition of בְּרֹב underscores the contrast between God's character and that of the wicked described in this psalm. +
strengthens connections between parallel lines (v.1ab, 2ab, 10ab, 11ab) as well as the connection between the first and fourth sections +, reinforces connection between parallel lines (v.6ab, v.11ab) +, The sound appears first in the arrogant words of the earthly rulers (v 3), but then the same sound of arrogance is converted into a sound anticipating woe in the words introducing God’s response (vv 4b, 5)."'"`UNIQ--ref-0000099F-QINU`"' +
The three long imperatives (ק֘וּמָ֤ה- וְע֥וּרָה-שֽׁוּבָה) are closely connected by their morphology and their proximity to one another. +
v.3ac. double participles in each line (with strong phonological connection); forms connection between sections 1 and 4 and so reinforces the chiastic structure of the psalm +, parallel lines (v.5ab); parallel sections (2-3: vv.4-7) +, The three perfect verbs are connected to one another in various ways, not only by conjugation (''qatal''), but also by stem (doubling: יִסַּ֪דְתָּ֫, כּוֹנָֽנְתָּה), PGN (2ms), meaning ("lay a foundation", "establish", "put underneath"), and sound (כּוֹנָֽנְתָּה, כֹּ֝ל שַׁ֣תָּה). +
The two occurrences are connected; both occur alongside references to "deliverance" (ישׁועתה/הושׁיעני). Whereas the psalmist's enemies say there is "no deliverance for him with God" (v.3b), the psalmist cries out to "my God" for "deliverance" (v.8b). +
The words גמל and גמר are connected phonologically as well as etymologically.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DF6-QINU`"' The deliberate connection between v.5a and v.10a is confirmed by the repetition of רַע in these lines. +
There is a clear connection between בַּעֲצַת(v.1b) and בַּעֲדַת (v.5b). Morphologically, both nouns are feminine, singular, construct nouns from a I-yôd root (יעץ/יעד). Phonologically, they sound very much like (see above on Phonology). +
This features strengthens the connection between the first and final tricola. +
Verses 2-4 are connected in a number of ways (phonological, lexical, morphological). The recursion of the Hiphil stem strengthens this connection. The same is true of verses 2 and 9. +