Property: Text
From Psalms: Layer by Layer
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P
'''v. 25''' – See the lexical notes on לֶ֣חֶם אַ֭בִּירִים, with the result that the construction chain should probably be read as a relationship of '''possession-possessor'''. For a similar construction, though indicating the '''source''', see Ps 105:40's (cf. Exod 16:4) לֶחֶם שָׁמַיִם "bread from heaven" and the preceding clause's דְגַן שָׁמַיִם. Alternatively, דבר אחר לחם אבירים שנעשו מלאכים "Another says of לחם אבירים that it was made by angels" (Midrash Tehillim). +
'''v. 27''' – The construct relationship ח֥וֹל יַ֝מִּ֗ים is one of '''entity-location''', hence the supplied "on" and contextually supplied "shore." +
'''v. 27''' – The construct relationship ע֣וֹף כָּנָֽף is one of '''entity-characteristic''': ''bird of wing'' >> "winged birds" (cf. Gen 1:21). +
'''v. 28''' – On the interpretation of בְּקֶ֣רֶב as a complex preposition, see Hardy (2022, 137). +
'''v. 28''' – The construction סָבִיב לְ—perhaps a grammaticalized form of סָבִיב with לְ of specification—is attested in the parallel narrative passage of our text, Exodus 16:13 (see also Exod 40:33; Num 1:50, 53; 2:2; 16:24; Judg 7:21; 1 Kgs 6:5; 18:32, 35; Ezek 40:16; 41:5, 7, 10; 41:16; Nah 3:8; Ps 34:8; 125:2; 128:3; Job 19:12; Song 3:7; 1 Chr 28:12). See the almost synonymous nature of Nah 3:8 (הַיֹּֽשְׁבָה֙ בַּיְאֹרִ֔ים מַ֖יִם סָבִ֣יב לָ֑הּ "that sat by the Nile, with water around her," ESV) and Gen 35:5 (וַיִּסָּ֑עוּ וַיְהִ֣י׀ חִתַּ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֗ים עַל־הֶֽעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיבֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם "And as they journeyed, a terror from God fell upon the cities that were around them," ESV). On other occasions, the two adjacent constituents (סָבִיב and לְ) are to be read individually (see, e.g., Josh 15:12; 18:20). +
'''v. 30''' – For the construction זור מן, see the lexical notes. +
'''v. 31''' – The בְּ-constituent following הרג is has a partitive function, i.e., "he killed some of them" (BHRG §39.1.b.iv; cf. Bekins 2014, 149 n. 19; Sjörs forthcoming, ''Prepositional Complements'').'"`UNIQ--ref-00000000-QINU`"' +
'''v. 32''' – For other instances of בכל זאת as "in spite of this" (Jenni 1992, 359), as the construction has come to be used in Modern Hebrew, cf. Isa 5:25, 9:11, 16:20, Hos 7:10, Job 1:22, 2:10. (For this reading, see the CSB, CEB, DHH, ELB, ESV, NABRE, NASB, NET, NIV, REB, RVC, SG21, TOB, ZÜR.) +
'''v. 33''' – The article on both בַּהֶ֥בֶל and בַּבֶּהָלָֽה is one of genericity, as illustrated by the French of the NBS: "Il mit fin à leurs jours dans '''la futilité''', à leurs années dans '''l'épouvante'''." For the metaphorical locative reading of בְּ, rather than instrument, see the grammar notes. +
'''v. 34''' – For the interpretation of the pseudo-coordination of וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל as mono-eventive, see the NJPS's "and %5Bthey%5D sought God once again" (cf. Luther 2017, NABRE, NIV, RVC). +
'''v. 36''' – For the reading of לוֹ as the recipient of the lie (יְכַזְּבוּ) see Jenni (2000, 143; cf. also Ezek 13:19; Ps 89:36). The other possibility is a לְ of specification, "lie about," which is not preferred in light of the other passages just cited. (For a possible specificational reading with כזב, see Job 34:6: עַל־מִשְׁפָּטִ֥י אֲכַזֵּ֑ב). +
'''v. 37''' – For עִם indicating "devotion" (BHRG §39.21.2.d) or "steadfastness" when accompanying ''niphal'' כון, see also Ps 89:22. +
'''v. 37''' – For the otherwise unattested ''niphal'' אמן with בְּ in the Bible, see Ben Sira (B) 46:15 וגם בדברו נאמן רועה "And also to his word a shepherd is faithful." +
'''v. 38''' – For other instances of ''hiphil'' רבה followed by an infinitive construct for '''repeated action''' see also Isa 23:16 and Amos 4:4 (see, e.g., the NJPS's "time and again"; cf. also CEB, CSB, ESV, EÜ, KJV, Luther 2017 NASB, NET, NIV, TOB). +
'''v. 40''' – For כַּמָּה as "how often," see also Job 21:17 (cf. Jerome's ''quotiens'' in Hebr. here and Vul. of Job 21:17). +
'''v. 40''' – When יְשִׁימוֹן appears in parallel with articular מִדְבָּר it never seems to take the article (see also Isa 43:19, 20; Ps 106:14; 107:4), this parallel perhaps being sufficient to indicate its function as a generic desert place and not a proper name. Whether a particular locale or description of a desolate place (as understood here), it is quite unambiguously derived from the root √ישׁם "be desolate" (cf. Gen 47:19; Ezek 6:6; 12:19; 19:7). +
'''v. 41''' – For the the pseudo-coordination of וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיְנַסּ֣וּ אֵ֑ל as mono-eventive, see the Symmachuas' καὶ πάλιν ἐπείραζον τὸν θ(εὸν) "and again they tested G%5Bod%5D" (cf. CEB, CSB, DHH, ESV, EÜ, ELB, NABRE, NASB, NBS, NET, NFC, NIV, NJPS, Luther 2017, PDV, RVC, SG21, TOB, ZÜR). +
'''vv. 47-48''' – The articles on בַּבָּרָ֣ד, בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל, לַבָּרָ֣ד and לָרְשָׁפִֽים are those of kind-reference (Bekins, forthcoming §2.1); cf the French versions, e.g., TOB: "Il ravage leurs vignes par '''la grêle''', leurs sycomores par '''le gel'''; Il abandonne leur bétail '''aux grêlons''', leurs troupeaux à '''la foudre'''." +
'''v. 48''' – The לְ prepositional complement of ''hiphil'' סגר is one of direction/recipient, in this case with verbs of "surrendering, handing over" (Jenni 2000, 88); cf. also '''vv. 50, 62'''. +
'''v. 49''' – The construct chain חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ is probably best understood as '''entity-cause/origin''', i.e., ''the wrath that came about because of / out of his anger''. +