Property: Discussion
From Psalms: Layer by Layer
P
[[File:Distribution of Consonants in Psalm 5.jpg|825px|class=img-fluid]] +
[[File:Distribution of Stressed Vowels in Ps. 5.jpg|825px|class=img-fluid]] +
[[File:Ph._(Ps.8.S.1).jpg|thumb|Section 1]]
[[File:Ph._(Ps.8.S.2).jpg|thumb|Section 2]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 8, Section 3).jpg|thumb|Section 3]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 8, Section 4).jpg|thumb|Section 4]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 8, Section 5).jpg|thumb|Section 5]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 8, Section 6).jpg|thumb|Section 6]]
<u>Lines</u>
Lines beginning with מָה (+ ''alef'')
*'''v.2b.''' מָֽה־אַדִּ֣יר
*'''v.5a.''' מָֽה־אֱנ֥וֹשׁ
*'''v.10b.''' מָֽה־אַדִּ֥יר
Lines beginning with תּ followed by lines beginning with כּ
*'''v.6a.''' וַתְּחַסְּרֵ֣הו
*'''v.6b.''' וְכָב֖וֹד
*'''v.7a.''' תַּ֭מְשִׁילֵהוּ
*'''v.7b''' כֹּ֝ל
''This feature gives cohesion to vv.6-7.''
Lines beginning with צ followed by lines beginning with ''g'' (ג/ע [the letter ע may have "a rattled, guttural ''g'', cf. e.g. עַזָּה, LXX Γάζα, עֲמֹרָה Γόμορρα"]'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EE6-QINU`"').
*'''v.8a.''' צֹנֶ֣ה
*'''v.8b.''' וְ֝גַ֗ם
*'''v.9a.''' צִפּ֣וֹר
*'''v.9b.''' עֹ֝בֵ֗ר
Note that lines 8b and 9a also [[#Patterns in endings|end]] with the same letter (ם).</br>''This feature, which parallels that in vv.6-7, gives cohesion to vv.8-9.''
<u>Words within lines</u>
*'''v.4b.''' beginning with ''kō'' – וְ֝כוֹכָבִ֗ים – כּוֹנָֽנְתָּה +
[[File:Phonological Overview (Ps. 6).jpg|frame|right|Phonological Overview]]
<u>'''Rhythm and Line Length'''</u></br>
The following table shows the length of each line in terms of syllables, words, and stress units. The highest and lowest numbers in each category are emboldened.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Ref !! Syllables !! Words !! Stress Units
|-
| 2a || 11 || 4 || 3
|-
| 2b || 12 || 3 || '''2'''
|-
| 3a || 10 || '''5''' || '''5'''
|-
| 3b || 13 || '''5''' || '''5'''
|-
| 4a || 8 || 3 || 3
|-
| 4b || 8 || 4 || 3
|-
| 5a || 9 || 4 || 4
|-
| 5b || 9 || 3 || 3
|-
| 6a || 7 || 4 || 4
|-
| 6b || '''6''' || 4 || 3
|-
| 7a || 7 || '''2''' || '''2'''
|-
| 7b || 9 || 4 || 3
|-
| 7c || 8 || 3 || 3
|-
| 8a || 7 || 3 || 3
|-
| 8b || 8 || 3 || '''2'''
|-
| 9a || 10 || '''5''' || 4
|-
| 9b || 8 || '''5''' || 4
|-
| 10a || 8 || 3 || 3
|-
| 10b || 8 || 3 || 3
|-
| 11a || '''14''' || '''5''' || 4
|-
| 11b || 7 || 3 || 3
|}
*According to stress units, the b-line of each verse is either the same (vv.3, 4, 7bc, 9, 10) or shorter than the a-line (vv. 2, 5, 6, 8, 11).
*'''v.7a.''' The middle line (7a) is marked in terms of length. It is unusually short (7 syllables, 2 words, 2 stress units). The fact that it is 7-syllables may be significant, given the apparent significance of the number 7 in the structuring of the psalm. (See [[#Middle word (maqqef)|below]])
*'''v.7ab.''' "An isomorphic equivalent of the length of time in suffering being referred to is reflected orally in the lexical length of the poetic line (7b)—that is, in comparison with the shorter, 'exhausted' expression of the psalmist in v.7a."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C98-QINU`"'
*'''v.11.''' The difference between a given a-line and its b-line in this psalm is never more than 1 word and 2 or 3 syllables. The only exception is v.11, where the a-line is longer than the b-line by 2 words and 7 syllables. The exceptional length of v.11a leads Fokkelman, following Kraus, to "desert the Masoretes here as regards the caesura and place the subject, 'all my enemies', in the B-colon," in order to achieve "a better balance of 10 + 12 syllables."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C99-QINU`"' Watson, also disregarding the Masoretic accents, divides the verse as a tricolon (יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ ׀ וְיִבָּהֲל֣וּ מְ֭אֹד / כָּל־אֹיְבָ֑י / יָ֝שֻׁ֗בוּ יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ רָֽגַע׃).'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C9A-QINU`"' Yet the brevity of 11b measured against 11a may be intended to highlight the swiftness (רֶגַע) with which the enemies will be shamed and thus brings the psalm to a dramatic close.
[[File:Phonological Overview of Ps. 5.jpg|thumb]]
<u>Section 1 (vv.2-3)</u>
*assonance (ē): הַאֲזִ֥ינָה (v.2a), בִּ֣ינָה הֲגִֽיגִי (v.2b), הַקְשִׁ֤יבָה (v.3a), שַׁוְעִ֗י מַלְכִּ֥י (v.3a)
*rhyme: ''ay''-diphthong (v.2a אֲמָרַ֖י, v.3a, וֵאלֹהָ֑י)
*rhyme: הַאֲזִ֥ינָה (v.2a), בִּ֣ינָה (v.2b); also הַקְשִׁ֤יבָה (v.3a)
*alliteration of gutturals: הֲגִֽיגִי (v.2b), הַקְשִׁ֤יבָה׀ לְק֬וֹל (v.3a), מַלְכִּ֥י (v.3a), כִּֽי־אֵ֜לֶ֗יךָ (v.3b)
*alliteration of ל (v.3ab [7x])
*alliteration of שׁ (v.3a)
*repetition of כִּי (v.3a: מַלְכִּ֥י, v.3b: כִּֽי)
<u>Section 2.1 (v.4)</u>
*repetition of בֹּקֶר (v.4ab)
*alliteration of velar + liquid: בֹּ֭קֶר (v.4ab), קוֹלִ֑י (v.4a), אֶֽעֱרָךְ־לְ֜ךָ֗ (v.4b)
*alliteration of labials (first and final consonant of v.4): בֹּ֭קֶר (v.4ab), וַאֲצַפֶּֽה׃ (v.4b)
<u>Section 2.2 (vv.5-7)</u>
*repetition of line-initial לֹא (vv.5ab, 6a); long ō: cf. בֹּ֭קֶר (v.4ab)
*consecutive stressed syllables at the end of the line: רֶ֥שַׁע׀ אָ֑תָּה (v.5a [רֶ֥שַׁע as monosyllabic]), יְגֻרְךָ֣ רָֽע (v.5b)
*repetition of final ךָ (v.5b: ְגֻרְךָ֣, v.6a: עֵינֶ֑יךָ)
*assonance (e-vowels): לְנֶ֣גֶד עֵינֶ֑יךָ (v.6a), שָׂ֜נֵ֗אתָ (v.6b)
*alliteration of lamed: לֹֽא...הֽ֭וֹלְלִים לְנֶ֣גֶד (v.6a), כָּל־פֹּ֥עֲלֵי (v.6b)
*alliteration of dentals (d, t) and labials (b, m): תְּאַבֵּד֘ דֹּבְרֵ֪י כָ֫זָ֥ב (v.7a), דָּמִ֥ים וּמִרְמָ֗ה יְתָ֨עֵ֥ב... (v.7b)
<u>Section 2.3 (v.8)</u>
*end-ryhme: בֵיתֶ֑ךָ (v.8a), בְּיִרְאָתֶֽךָ׃ (v.8b); both final words also begin with בּ
*repetition of consonantal sounds (sibilant + dental + velar/guttural) and final ךָ (v.8a: חַ֭סְדְּךָ, v.8b: קָ֜דְשְׁךָ֗)
<u>Section 3.1 (v.9)</u>
*words ending in ékā: בְצִדְקָתֶ֗ךָ (v.9a), דַּרְכֶּֽךָ (v.9b); cf. בֵיתֶ֑ךָ (v.8a) and בְּיִרְאָתֶֽךָ׃ (v.8b) in the previous section
*alliteration of שׁ + ר (v.9a: שׁוֹרְרָ֑י, v.9b: הושַׁ֖ר)
*words ending in ''ay''-diphthong: שׁוֹרְרָ֑י (v.9a), לְפָנַ֣י (v.9b)
*assonance (ō) acc. to Qere reading: שׁוֹרְרָ֑י (v.9a), הוֹשַׁ֖ר (v.9b)
<u>Section 3.2 (vv.10-11)</u>
*alliteration of ''n'': אֵ֪ין בְּפִ֡יהוּ נְכוֹנָה֘ (v.10a)
*sound play: קִרְבָּ֪ם (v.10b), קֶֽבֶר (v.10c); cf. בֹּ֭קֶר (v.4ab) which has the same three letters
*line-initial velars (כּ/ק): v.10abc
*recursion of guttural + dental + u-class vowel: הַ֫וּ֥וֹת (v.10b), פָּת֥וּחַ (v.10c)
*alliteration of liquid + velar: קִרְבָּ֪ם (v.10b), קֶֽבֶר (v.10c), גְּרוֹנָ֑ם (v.10c), יַחֲלִֽיקוּן (v.10d)
*rhyme: גְּרוֹנָ֑ם (v.10c), לְ֜שׁוֹנָ֗ם (v.10d)
*alliteration of ''m'': הַֽאֲשִׁימֵ֙ם׀ אֱֽלֹהִ֗ים (v.11a), מִֽמֹּעֲצ֪וֹתֵ֫יהֶ֥ם (v.11b), פִּ֭שְׁעֵיהֶם הַדִּיחֵ֑מוֹ (v.11c), מָ֥רוּ (v.11d)
*words ending in יהֶם (v.11b: מִֽמֹּעֲצ֪וֹתֵ֫יהֶ֥ם, v.11c: פִּ֭שְׁעֵיהֶם)
<u>Section 3.3 (v.12)</u>
*repetition of בָךְ/בְךָ (v.12ad); cf. v.11d in previous section
*similar sounds in v.12a (ְוְיִשְׂמְח֙וּ כָל־ח֪וֹסֵי) and v.12d (וְֽיַעְלְצ֥וּ בְ֜ךָ֗ אֹהֲבֵ֥י)
*similar sounds in v.12b (לְעוֹלָ֣ם) and v.12c (עָלֵ֑ימוֹ)
*ékā ending (שְׁמֶֽךָ); cf. v.9ab (phonological ''inclusio'')
<u>Section 4 (v.13)</u>
*alliteration of ''k'': כִּי (v.13a), ַּ֜כַּצִּנָּ֗ה (v.13b)
*alliteration of dentals: אַתָּה֘ תְּבָרֵ֪ךְ צַ֫דִּ֥יק (v.13a), תַּעְטְרֶֽנּו (v.13b)
*alliteration of צ (v.13a: צַ֫דִּ֥יק, v.13b: כַּ֜צִּנָּ֗ה רָצ֥וֹן)
*alliteration of ''n'': כַּ֜צִּנָּ֗ה רָצ֥וֹן תַּעְטְרֶֽנּוּ (v.13b)
[[File:Phonological Overview of Psalm 1.JPG|thumb|Phonological Overview]]
[[File:Phonological Overview of Psalm 1(2).jpg|thumb|Phonological Overview 2]]
ק appears three times, ג two times, שׂ only one time; sibilants ז and ס do not appear in this Psalm. +
.jpg-7Cthumb-7CPhonological-20Overview-202-5D-5D-0A%D7%A7-20appears-20three-20times,-20%D7%92-20two-20times,-20%D7%A9%D7%82-20only-20one-20time-3B-20sibilants-20%D7%96-20and-20%D7%A1-20do-20not-20appear-20in-20this-20Psalm.){kind=link}
[[File:Phonological overview of Psalm 2.JPG|thumb|Phonological Overview]]
'''v.1ab.'''
*both begin with l + m (למה//לאמים)
*v.1a ends with ē + m (גוים); v.1b begins with ē + m (לאמים)
*alliteration of gutturals (g/q)
*verbs ending in וּ
'''v.2ab.'''
*alliteration of sibilants; ṣ(x2) in a-line; s and z in b-line
*verbs ending in וּ
'''v.3ab.'''
*alliteration of nasals (n[x3], m[x5]) and dentals (t[x4])
*end rhyme: תֵמוֹ-
'''v.4ab.'''
*verb ending guttural + a-class vowel + palatal in both lines (ישׂחק//ילעג)
'''v.5ab.'''
*alliteration of labials (b/p)
*assonance: ō
*rhyme: לֵמוֹ
'''v.6ab.'''
*assonance/rhyme: ē (ני, תי, כי, צי, שׁי)
'''v.7ab.'''
*alliteration of gutturals: 5/6 words begin with a guttural; 4 with א and 1 with ח.
*repetition of אל in each line
'''v.7cd.'''
*rhyming of first words in each line: בְּנִי//אֲנִי
'''v.8bc.'''
*each line begins ''waw'' + א
*similar sounds in נחלתך//אחזתך
'''v.9ab.'''
*alliteration of labials (b/p)
*first and last word both begin with תּ and end in ṣērê + ם
'''v.10ab.'''
*alliteration of ה at beginning of words (השׂכילו//הוסרו)
*verbs ending in וּ
*alliteration of sibilants (a-line: שׂ, b-line: ס, שׁ, ץ)
'''v.11ab.'''
*alliteration of gutturals (a-line: ע, א, א b-line: ע)
*alliteration of בּ and ר
*first words ending in וּ
*assonance: i-class vowels (עִבְדוֹ...בּיִרְאָה // גִילוּ...בִּרְעָדָה)
*end rhyme: ā
'''v.12abcd.'''
*alliteration of labials (b[4x]/p[3x])
'''v.12cd'''
*end rhyme: labial + ō
*guttural with short a-vowel (עַר...עַט...אַפְּ...אַשְׁ) +
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 7).jpg|825px|class=img-fluid]] +
.jpg-7C825px-7Cclass%3Dimg-2Dfluid-5D-5D){kind=link}
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 7.1).jpg|thumb|Section 1]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 7.2).jpg|thumb|Section 2]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 7.3).jpg|thumb|Section 3]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 7.4).jpg|thumb|Section 4]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 7.6).jpg|thumb|Section 5]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 7.7).jpg|thumb|Section 6]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 7.8).jpg|thumb|Section 7]]
In vv. 4-5, 7-8, 10bc, 13-14, this feature functions to bind together adjacent bicola into a section. In vv. 2a, 4a, similar beginnings demarcate the beginning of sections. In the remaining instances (vv. 3, 11, 18), this feature strengthens the relationship between parallel lines within a bicolon.
*'''vv.2a,4a.'''
:יְהוָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהַי...חָסִ֑יתִי (v.2a)
:יְהוָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהַי...עָשִׂ֣יתִי (v.4a)
*'''v.3ab.'''
:'''פֶּ'''ן (v.3a)
:'''פֹּ֜'''רֵ֗ק (v.3b)
*'''vv.4ab,5a.'''
:יְהוָ֣ה אֱ֭לֹהַי '''אִם'''־עָשִׂ֣יתִי זֹ֑את (v.4a)
:'''אִֽם'''־יֶשׁ־עָ֥וֶל בְּכַפָּֽי (v.4b)
:'''אִם'''־גָּ֭מַלְתִּי שֽׁוֹלְמִ֥י רָ֑ע (v.5a)
*'''vv.7c,8a,8b.'''
:'''וְע֥'''וּרָה (v.7c)
:'''וַעֲ'''דַ֣ת (v.8a)
:'''וְ֜עָ'''לֶ֗יהָ (v.8b)
*'''v.10bc.'''
:וּתְכוֹנֵ֪ן (v.10b)
:וּבֹחֵ֣ן (v.10c)
*'''v.11ab.'''
:'''מָֽ'''גִנִּ֥י (v.11a)
:'''מ֜'''וֹשִׁ֗יעַ (v.11b)
*'''vv.13a,14a.'''
:אִם־'''לֹ֣א''' יָ֭שׁוּב (v.13a)
:'''וְ֭לוֹ '''הֵכִ֣ין (v.14a)
*'''v.18ab.'''
:'''א'''וֹדֶ֣ה (v.18a)
:וַ֜'''אֲ'''זַמְּרָ֗ה (v.18b) +
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 9.1).jpg|thumb|right|Section 1]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 9.2).jpg|thumb|right|Section 2]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 9.3).jpg|thumb|right|Section 3]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 9.4).jpg|thumb|right|Section 4]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 9.5).jpg|thumb|right|Section 5]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 9.6).jpg|thumb|right|Section 6]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 9.7).jpg|thumb|right|Section 7]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 9.8).jpg|thumb|right|Section 8]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 9.9).jpg|thumb|right|Section 9]]
[[File:Phonology (Ps. 9.10).jpg|thumb|right|Section 10]]
vv.1-2a. לַבֵּ֗ן (v.1) - לִבִּ֑י (v.2a)
<u>Section 1 (vv.2-3)</u>
*vv.2-3. אוֹדֶ֣ה // אֲ֜סַפְּרָ֗ה / אֶשְׂמְחָ֣ה וְאֶעֶלְצָ֣ה // אֲזַמְּרָ֖ה
*v.2ab. כָל // כָּל
*v.3ab. אֶשְׂמְחָ֣ה // אֲזַמְּרָ֖ה שִׁמְךָ֣ (sibilant [ש/ז] + nasal [מ])
*v.3ab. וְאֶעֶלְצָ֣ה // עֶלְיֽוֹן (repetition of עֶל)
<u>Section 2 (vv.4-5)</u>
*vv.4-5. alliteration of ב/פ
*v.4ab. אוֹיְבַ֥י // וְ֜יֹאבְד֗וּ
*v.4ab. assonance: בְּשׁוּב־אוֹיְבַ֥י אָח֑וֹר // יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ וְ֜יֹאבְד֗וּ (''u''-class vowels)
*v.5ab. alliteration: עָ֭שִׂיתָ מִשְׁפָּטִ֣י וְדִינִ֑י // יָשַׁ֥בְתָּ לְ֜כִסֵּ֗א שׁוֹפֵ֥ט צֶֽדֶק׃ (sibilants + dentals)
<u>Section 3 (vv.6-7)</u>
*v.6ab. גָּעַ֣רְתָּ ג֭וֹיִם // לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃ (alliteration of ג/ע)
*v.6ab. רָשָׁ֑ע // שְׁמָ֥ם (repetition of שׁ, ''anadiplosis'')
<u>Section 4 (vv.8-9)</u>
*v.8a – v.9b (''abc''//''abc'', ''inclusio''): a וַֽ֭יהוָה b לְעוֹלָ֣ם c יֵשֵׁ֑ב // a' יָדִ֥ין b' לְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים c' בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים. The connection between a and a' is especially striking if יהוה is pronounced אדני.
*v.8ab. לְעוֹלָ֣ם // לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט (repetition of ל prep.)
*vv.8b-9a. לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט / יִשְׁפֹּֽט
*vv.9b-10a. words ending with long ''i''-vowel (''hireq-yod'')
<u>Section 5 (vv.10-11)</u>
*v.10ab. מִשְׂגָּ֣ב לַדָּ֑ךְ // מִ֜שְׂגָּ֗ב לְעִתּ֥וֹת
*v.11ab. יוֹדְעֵ֣י שְׁמֶ֑ךָ // עָזַ֖בְתָּ דֹרְשֶׁ֣יךָ (alliteration of ע, ד/ז, שׁ, ךָ)
<u>Section 6 (vv.12-13)</u>
*vv.12-13. זַמְּר֗וּ / זָכָ֑ר
*vv.12-13a. זַמְּר֗וּ // בָ֜עַמִּ֗ים / דָּ֭מִים (double ''m'')
<u>Section 7 (vv.14-15)</u>
*vv.14-15a. חָֽנְנֵ֬נִי... עָ֭נְיִי מִשֹּׂנְאָ֑י // מְ֜רוֹמְמִ֗י מִשַּׁ֥עֲרֵי מָֽוֶת׃ / לְמַ֥עַן (alliteration of nasals)
*v.15ac. תְּהִלָּ֫תֶ֥יךָ // בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ
*v.15bc. בְּשַֽׁעֲרֵ֥י // בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ
<u>Section 8 (vv.16-17)</u>
*v.16ab. טָבְע֣וּ // טָ֜מָ֗נוּ / מִשְׁפָּ֪ט (repetition of ט)
*v.16ab. בְּשַׁ֣חַת עָשׂ֑וּ // בְּרֶֽשֶׁת־ז֥וּ
**"The morphological/inflected forms of the two words בְּשַׁ֣חַת and בְּרֶֽשֶׁת, both beginning and ending the same phonemically, hint at equivalence of meaning in the internal world of this poem."'"`UNIQ--ref-00001019-QINU`"'
*v.17ab. נ֤וֹדַ֙ע // נוֹקֵ֣שׁ
*v.17ab. מִשְׁפָּ֪ט עָ֫שָׂ֥ה // נוֹקֵ֣שׁ רָשָׁ֑ע
<u>Section 9 (vv.18-19)</u>
*v.18ab. יָשׁ֣וּבוּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה // שְׁכֵחֵ֥י (repetition of שׁ)
*v.18ab. לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה // אֱלֹהִֽים (repetition of אל)
*v.18ab. רְשָׁעִ֣ים // גּ֜וֹיִ֗ם ... אֱלֹהִֽים׃ (repetition of ים ending)
*vv.18b-19a. שְׁכֵחֵ֥י // יִשָּׁכַ֣ח
<u>Section 10 (vv.20-21)</u>
*v.20ab. אַל // עַל
*v.20ab. אֱנ֑וֹשׁ // יִשָּׁפְט֥וּ (repetition of שׁ, ''anadiplosis'', cf. v.6ab)
*v.21ac. ָ֫לָ֫הֶ֥ם // הֵ֣מָּה
[[File:Phonology - Section 1 (Psalm 6).jpg|thumb|Section 1]]
<u>Section 1</u>
*Divine name (vv.2a, 3ac, 4b)
*Alliteration of א (vv.2ab, 3bc, 4ab)
*Repetition of אל (v.2ab); also, אמלל (v.3b)
*Repetition of בּ + guttural + labial (2a: בְּאַפְּ // v.2b: בַּחֲמָ)
*Repetition of ךָ ending (v.2ab)
*Final words of 2ab begin with ת and end with ני (v.2a: תוֹכִיחֵ֑נִי // v.2b: תְיַסְּרֵֽנִי)
*Repetition of נִי ending (vv. 2ab, 3abc)
*Repetition of כִּי (v.3bd)
*Repetition of אני (v.3b: אָ֥נִי; v.3c: רְפָאֵ֥נִי)
*Repetition of נבהל (vv.3d, 4a)
*Alliteration of נ + labial (ב/פ): נבהל (vv.3d, 4a), נפשׁי (v.4a)
*Line-final words with מ (vv.3d, 4ab)
*End rhyme: עֲצָמָי (v.3d), עַד מָתַי (v.4a)
*Alliteration of guttural (א/ע) + dental (ת/ד): אֹ֑ד (4a), אַתָּ (4b), עַד (4b)
[[File:Phonology - Section 2 (Psalm 6).jpg|thumb|Section 2]]
<u>Section 2</u>
*End rhyme: v.5a: שׁוּבָ֣ה // v.5b: חַלְּצָ֣ה
*Repetition of שִׁי (v.5bc)
*Alliteration of guttural + נ/ן (v.5c, 6a)
*Alliteration of בּ (v.6ab)
*Alliteration of מ in accented syllable (vv.5c, 6ab)
*End rhyme v.5c, חַסְדֶּֽךָ; v.6a, זִכְרֶ֑ךָ; also, לָּֽךְ (v.6b)
*Alliteration of consonantal sounds in חלץ and שׁאול (v.5, guttural + sibilant + ל)
*Rhyme: כִּ֤י (v.6a), מִ֣י (v.6b)
[[File:Phonology - Section 3 (Psalm 6).jpg|thumb|Section 3]]
<u>Section 3</u>
*Alliteration of gutturals, especially ע (vv.7abc, 8ab)
*Repetition of תִּי ending (v.7a: יָגַ֤עְתִּי, בְּֽאַנְחָתִ֗י; v.7b: מִטָּתִ֑י; v.7c: בְּ֜דִמְעָתִ֗י)
*Alliteration of guttural + sonorant/sibilant (v.7a: בְּֽאַנְחָתִ֗י, v.7b: אַשְׂחֶ֣ה, v.7c: עַרְשִׂ֥י אַמְסֶֽה, v.8a: עָֽשְׁשָׁ֣ה מִכַּ֣עַס עֵינִ֑י)
*Repetition of ב (vv.7abc, 8b)
*"The initial noun of this third line of the tricolon בדמעתי ֝ phonologically reflects the final באנחתי of 6a."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C91-QINU`"'
*Rhyme, alliteration, assonance (v.7b: אַשְׂחֶ֣ה // v.7c אַמְסֶֽה)
*Alliteration of בכל + liquids: בְכָל־לַ֭יְלָה (vv.7b), בְּכָל־צוֹרְרָֽי (v.8b)
*Alliteration of מ + dental + תִּי ending: מִטָּתִ֑י (v.7b) // בְּ֜דִמְעָתִ֗י (v.7c)
*Phonological chiasm: a אַשְׂחֶ֣ה b מִטָּתִ֑י // b’ בְּ֜דִמְעָתִ֗י a’ אַמְסֶֽה
*"Note the rhyme of the initial verbs in this bicolon": v.8a עָֽשְׁשָׁ֣ה, v.8b עָֽ֜תְקָ֗ה'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C92-QINU`"'
*Alliteration of velars: v.8a מִכַּ֣עַס; v.8b עָֽ֜תְקָ֗ה
*“The alliterative noun צוֹרְרָֽי complements the alliterative verb עָֽשְׁשָׁ֣ה at the beginning of v. 7.”'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C93-QINU`"'
*The last verb of section 3 (עתקה) sounds similar to the first verb (יגעתי). Both have guttural + velar + dental.
[[File:Phonology - Section 4 (Psalm 6).jpg|thumb|Section 4]]
<u>Section 4</u>
*Repetition of ִי ending: מִ֭מֶּנִּי (v.9a), בִּכְיִֽי (v.9b), תְּחִנָּתִ֑י (v.10a), תְּֽפִלָּתִ֥י (v.10b)
*Alliteration of velar (כ/ק) + ל (v.9a: כָּל // v.9b: ק֣וֹל; v.11a: כָּל)
*Repetition of שׁמע יהוה (vv.9b, 10a)
*Rhyme (alliteration and assonance) in תְּחִנָּתִ֑י (v.10a) and תְּֽפִלָּתִ֥י (v.10b)
*Alliteration of velar (ק/ג) + guttural (ע/ח) in יִקָּֽח׃ (v.10b) and רָֽגַע׃ (v.11b); this end rhyme is parallel to that in vv.3b/4b
*Dense alliteration of י/שׁ/ב in יֵבֹ֤שׁוּ (v.11a) // יָ֜שֻׁ֗בוּ יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ (v.11b)
**The play on בושׁ and שׁוב is used here "to denote reversal,"'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C94-QINU`"' as a number of commentators have observed. "The compound verbal expression contains a paronomasia, ''yāšubû yēbōšû'': the reversal of the letters mirrors the reversal the words describe.”'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C95-QINU`"' “The reiterated verb יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ accents the psalmist’s wish, “be shamed,” and forms an ironic audible pun with the hoped-for overall outcome, as expressed in the sound-alike verb יָ֜שֻׁ֗בוּ “turn” (i.e., a great reversal in fates).”'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C96-QINU`"'
[[File:Phonology - consonants (Ps. 8).jpg|825px|class=img-fluid]] +
.jpg-7C825px-7Cclass%3Dimg-2Dfluid-5D-5D){kind=link}
[[File:Phonology - vowels (Ps. 8).jpg|825px|class=img-fluid]] +
.jpg-7C825px-7Cclass%3Dimg-2Dfluid-5D-5D){kind=link}
[[File:Phonology-consonants (Ps. 9).jpg|825px|class=img-fluid]]
*'''vv.2-3.''' "In this first strophe of the Psalm... the alphabetical form is carried out in the fullest possible way: we have four lines, each of which begins with א."'"`UNIQ--ref-00001011-QINU`"' "The impact of this concatenation of א's is striking both aurally and visually–the beginning of this poem is underscored by means of consonance, with the five successive א's providing a pattern of shape to the opening lines of the poem... Here in the opening verses of Ps 9/10, the successive ''alephs'' seem to focus attention on the psalmist's heart-felt, exuberant praise for Yahweh... Not only does each of the five words begin with א, but each word also ends with the letter ה... In Ps. 9:2-3 this double poetic device appears to emphasize not only the beginning of the poem but also to emphasize the heart-felt praise for Yahweh's glory.."'"`UNIQ--ref-00001012-QINU`"' +
[[File:Psalm 3 Distribution of Consonants.jpg|border|Distribution of Consonants]] +
[[File:Psalm 3 Distribution of Vowels.jpg|border|Distribution of Vowels]] +
[[File:Psalm 4 distribution of consonants.jpg|Distribution of Consonants]] +
[[File:Psalm 4 distribution of vowels.jpg|Distribution of Vowels]] +
[[File:Psalm 4 phonological overview.jpg|thumb|Phonological Overview]] +
[[File:Psalm 6 Distribution of Consonants.jpg|border|Distribution of Consonants]] +
