Property: Discussion
From Psalms: Layer by Layer
P
<u>Canonical Context</u></br>
'''Ps 1.''' Psalm 5 exhibits a number of connections with Psalm 1. Both psalms are structured so as to highlight the contrast between the righteous and the wicked. Both begin with the letter א and end with a word beginning with ת. Both are didactic in function. In addition to these broad poetic features, there are a number of lexical links. "Gianni Barbiero (1999:76–77) has noted and neatly tabulated the various connections between Psalm 5 and Psalm 1. He has noted the links between the ‘wicked people’ [רשׁעים] in Psalm 1:1, 4, 5 and 6 and ‘wickedness’ [רע] in Psalm 5:5; the ‘counsel of the wicked’ [עצת רשׁעים] in 1:1 and ‘their counsels’ [those of the wicked, מעצותיהם] in 5:11; the ‘delight’ [חפץ] of the righteous in 1:2 and Yahweh’s lack of ‘delight’ in wickedness in 5:5; the ‘righteous persons’ [צדיקים] in 1:5 and 6 and the ‘righteous person’ [צדיק] in 5:13; the fact that the road of the wicked will ‘perish’ [אבד] in 1:6 and the note that Yahweh will ‘destroy’ [אבד pi] the liars in 5:7; and the two instances of ‘road’ [דרך] in 1:6 and the reference to Yahweh’s ‘road’ [דרך] in 5:9."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CD3-QINU`"'</br>
'''Ps 2.''' "Psalm 5 has also been linked by the editors to Psalm 2. Barbiero (1999:77) notes the repetition of eight words or phrases and says that the themes connecting the two psalms are primarily the connection with the temple and Zion theology and further the confrontation in both psalms with the enemies of Yahweh and his anointed. The suppliant of Psalm 5 is, after all, David, the anointed (5:1). He further states that the contrast between 2:2 and 5:6 is conspicuous: The kings of the earth ‘take a stand’ [יתיצבו] against Yahweh and his anointed (2:2), but 5:6 responds by stating that the wicked will not be able to ‘withstand’ [לא־יתיצבו] Yahweh. He also refers to the exact repetition of כל־חוסי בו from 2:12 in the phrase כל־חוסי בך in 5:12, in both instances at the end of the psalm."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CD4-QINU`"'</br>
'''Ps 3.''' The reference to Yahweh as a "shield" (צנה) recalls the image in Psalm 3:4. Psalms 3 and 5 are further connected by virtue of the fact that they are both morning psalms (Ps. 3:6; 5:4). Furthermore, the historical situation named in Psalm 3:1 may apply also to Psalm 5 (see [[#Historical background|above]]).
<u>Canonical Context</u></br>
Along with Psalm 1, this provides the introduction to the entire Psalter. It particularly includes the additional theme of [[Theme::kingship]]. +
<u>Canonical Context</u></br>
Psalm 4 has a number of connections to Psalm 3. These are primarily lexical; a number of words (קרא, ענה, שׁכב, ישׁן, רבב) and exact phrases (כְּבוֹדִי, רַבִּים אְמְרִים) appear in both psalms. Furthermore, both psalms have a related set of images at their center (middle line): lying down to sleep (3:6a; 4:5) and waking up again (3:6b). The two psalms have thus been viewed as a morning and evening psalm respectively. There may also be a connection with Psalm 2: "The strong admonition delivered [by the son of God] to the 'sons of men' is comparable to the warning which the king utters to 'the kings and judges of the earth' in Psalm 2."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C03-QINU`"' +
<u>Canonical Context</u></br>
The pair of psalms that begin the Psalter also serves as its introduction by revealing two of its most prominent themes—namely, that '''''Yahweh watches over the righteous''''', and that '''''his chosen Messiah rules''''' over all things. These interrelated theological truths form the foundation of all '''''blessings''''' for God’s people. Psalm 3 begins the Psalter proper then with an individual prayer, or “petition” of the type that predominates in Book One (Psalms 1-41). +
<u>Colon Divisions</u>
:1a לָמָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תַּעֲמֹ֣ד בְּרָח֑וֹק
:1b תַּ֜עְלִ֗ים לְעִתּ֥וֹת בַּצָּרָֽה׃
:2a בְּגַאֲוַ֣ת רָ֭שָׁע יִדְלַ֣ק עָנִ֑י
:2b יִתָּפְשׂ֓וּ׀ בִּמְזִמּ֖וֹת ז֣וּ חָשָֽׁבוּ׃
:3a כִּֽי־הִלֵּ֣ל רָ֭שָׁע עַל־תַּאֲוַ֣ת נַפְשׁ֑וֹ
:'"`UNIQ--nowiki-000012F4-QINU`"'3b וּבֹצֵ֥עַ בֵּ֜רֵ֗ךְ נִ֨אֵ֥ץ׀ יְהוָֽה׃
:'"`UNIQ--nowiki-000012F5-QINU`"'4a רָשָׁ֗ע כְּגֹ֣בַהּ אַ֭פּוֹ בַּל־יִדְרֹ֑שׁ
:4b אֵ֥ין אֱ֜לֹהִ֗ים כָּל־מְזִמּוֹתָֽיו׃
:5a יָ֨חִ֤ילוּ דְרָכָ֙ו׀ בְּכָל־עֵ֗ת
:5b מָר֣וֹם מִ֭שְׁפָּטֶיךָ מִנֶּגְדּ֑וֹ
:5c כָּל־צ֜וֹרְרָ֗יו יָפִ֥יחַ בָּהֶֽם׃
:6a אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ בַּל־אֶמּ֑וֹט
:6b לְדֹ֥ר וָ֜דֹ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־בְרָֽע׃
:7a אָלָ֤ה פִּ֣יהוּ מָ֭לֵא וּמִרְמ֣וֹת וָתֹ֑ךְ
:7b תַּ֥חַת לְ֜שׁוֹנ֗וֹ עָמָ֥ל וָאָֽוֶן׃
:8a יֵשֵׁ֤ב׀ בְּמַאְרַ֬ב חֲצֵרִ֗ים
:8b בַּֽ֭מִּסְתָּרִים יַהֲרֹ֣ג נָקִ֑י
:8c עֵ֜ינָ֗יו לְֽחֵלְכָ֥ה יִצְפֹּֽנוּ׃
:9a יֶאֱרֹ֬ב בַּמִּסְתָּ֙ר׀ כְּאַרְיֵ֬ה בְסֻכֹּ֗ה
:9b יֶ֭אֱרֹב לַחֲט֣וֹף עָנִ֑י
:'"`UNIQ--nowiki-000012F6-QINU`"'9c יַחְטֹ֥ף עָ֜נִ֗י בְּמָשְׁכ֥וֹ בְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃
:'"`UNIQ--nowiki-000012F7-QINU`"'10a וִדְכֶּה יָשֹׁ֑חַ
:'"`UNIQ--nowiki-000012F8-QINU`"'10b וְנָפַ֥ל בַּ֜עֲצוּמָ֗יו חֵלְכָּאִים׃
:11a אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ שָׁ֣כַֽח אֵ֑ל
:11b הִסְתִּ֥יר פָּ֜נָ֗יו בַּל־רָאָ֥ה לָנֶֽצַח׃
:'"`UNIQ--nowiki-000012F9-QINU`"'12a קוּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֭ל נְשָׂ֣א יָדֶ֑ךָ
:12b אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח עֲנָיִים׃
:13a עַל־מֶ֤ה׀ נִאֵ֖ץ רָשָׁ֥ע׀ אֱלֹהִ֑ים
:13b אָמַ֥ר בְּ֜לִבּ֗וֹ לֹ֣א תִּדְרֹֽשׁ׃
:'"`UNIQ--nowiki-000012FA-QINU`"'14a רָאִ֡תָה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה׀ עָ֨מָ֤ל וָכַ֙עַס׀ תַּבִּיט֘
:'"`UNIQ--nowiki-000012FB-QINU`"'14b לָתֵ֪ת בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ
:14c עָ֭לֶיךָ יַעֲזֹ֣ב חֵלֶ֑כָה
:14d יָ֜ת֗וֹם אַתָּ֤ה׀ הָיִ֬יתָ עוֹזֵֽר׃
:'"`UNIQ--nowiki-000012FC-QINU`"'15a שְׁ֭בֹר זְר֣וֹעַ רָשָׁ֑ע וָ֜רָ֗ע
:15b תִּֽדְרוֹשׁ־רִשְׁע֥וֹ בַל־תִּמְצָֽא׃
:16a יְהוָ֣ה מֶ֭לֶךְ עוֹלָ֣ם וָעֶ֑ד
:16b אָבְד֥וּ ג֜וֹיִ֗ם מֵֽאַרְצֽוֹ׃
:17a תַּאֲוַ֬ת עֲנָוִ֣ים שָׁמַ֣עְתָּ יְהוָ֑ה
:17b תָּכִ֥ין לִ֜בָּ֗ם תַּקְשִׁ֥יב אָזְנֶֽךָ׃
:18a לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט יָת֗וֹם וָ֫דָ֥ךְ
:18b בַּל־יוֹסִ֥יף ע֑וֹד
:18c לַעֲרֹ֥ץ אֱ֜נ֗וֹשׁ מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
*'''vv.3-4.''' The LXX divides the cola in these verses differently from the MT.
::9:24b. καὶ ὁ ἀδικῶν ἐνευλογεῖται = ובצע ברך
::9:25a. παρώξυνεν τὸν κύριον ὁ ἁμαρτωλός = נאץ יהוה רשׁע
:The LXX division is likely an attempt to ease the difficult syntax of v.3b. The MT division is reflected in the stichography of 5/6HevPs.
*'''vv.9-10.''' The LXX divides the cola in these verses differently from the MT.
::9:30c. ἁρπάσαι πτωχὸν ἐν τῷ ἑλκύσαι αὐτόν = ל/יחתף עני במשׁכו
::9:31a. ἐν τῇ παγίδι αὐτοῦ ταπεινώσει αὐτόν = ברשׁתו ידכה/הו
::9:31b. κύψει καὶ πεσεῖται ἐν τῷ αὐτὸν κατακυριεῦσαι τῶν πενήτων = ...ישׁח ונפל
*'''v.12.''' Should the first half of v.12 be divided into two cola (קוּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה // אֵ֭ל נְשָׂ֣א יָדֶ֑ךָ)? The LXX (9:33) keeps these clauses as a single colon.
*'''v.14.''' Pausal forms (בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ... חֵלֶ֑כָה), which occur alongside the major disjunctive accents (''ole weyored'' and ''atnah''), guide the colometry of this verse. Following these forms yields a tripartite division in which רָאִ֡תָה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה׀ עָ֨מָ֤ל וָכַ֙עַס׀ תַּבִּיט֘ לָתֵ֪ת בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ forms the first part. Given the length of this segment (3 clauses, 7 stresses, 8 words, 16 syllables), it seems best to divide it further, according to the next strongest disjunctive accent (''sinnor'', רָאִ֡תָה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה׀ עָ֨מָ֤ל וָכַ֙עַס׀ תַּבִּיט֘ / לָתֵ֪ת בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ). The resulting fourfold division (tetracolon) is attested in the LXX (9:35).
*'''v.15.''' Although the ''atnah'', here marking the main division of the verse, falls on רשׁע, the vocalization of the text (וָרָע) suggests a connection between רשׁע וָרע and a colon break after וָרָע. "Immediately before the tone-syllable [''waw''] frequently takes ''Qames''... but in most cases only at the end of a sentence or clause... The very frequent connection of nouns expressing kindred ideas, by means of וָ, is due simply to considerations of rhythm, for even in such cases the ''Waw'' must immediately precede the tone-syllable, which must be marked by a disjunctive accent."'"`UNIQ--ref-000012FD-QINU`"' The LXX translation reflects the close connection between the nouns (τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ καὶ πονηροῦ) and correctly divides the cola in this verse.
<u>Verse Divisions</u>
1
:לָמָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תַּעֲמֹ֣ד בְּרָח֑וֹק
:תַּ֜עְלִ֗ים לְעִתּ֥וֹת בַּצָּרָֽה׃
2
:בְּגַאֲוַ֣ת רָ֭שָׁע יִדְלַ֣ק עָנִ֑י
:יִתָּפְשׂ֓וּ׀ בִּמְזִמּ֖וֹת ז֣וּ חָשָֽׁבוּ׃
3
:כִּֽי־הִלֵּ֣ל רָ֭שָׁע עַל־תַּאֲוַ֣ת נַפְשׁ֑וֹ
:וּבֹצֵ֥עַ בֵּ֜רֵ֗ךְ נִ֨אֵ֥ץ׀ יְהוָֽה׃
4
:רָשָׁ֗ע כְּגֹ֣בַהּ אַ֭פּוֹ בַּל־יִדְרֹ֑שׁ
:אֵ֥ין אֱ֜לֹהִ֗ים כָּל־מְזִמּוֹתָֽיו׃
5
:יָ֨חִ֤ילוּ דְרָכָ֙ו׀ בְּכָל־עֵ֗ת
:מָר֣וֹם מִ֭שְׁפָּטֶיךָ מִנֶּגְדּ֑וֹ
:כָּל־צ֜וֹרְרָ֗יו יָפִ֥יחַ בָּהֶֽם׃
6
:אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ בַּל־אֶמּ֑וֹט
:לְדֹ֥ר וָ֜דֹ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־בְרָֽע׃
7
:אָלָ֤ה פִּ֣יהוּ מָ֭לֵא וּמִרְמ֣וֹת וָתֹ֑ךְ
:תַּ֥חַת לְ֜שׁוֹנ֗וֹ עָמָ֥ל וָאָֽוֶן׃
8
:יֵשֵׁ֤ב׀ בְּמַאְרַ֬ב חֲצֵרִ֗ים
:בַּֽ֭מִּסְתָּרִים יַהֲרֹ֣ג נָקִ֑י
:עֵ֜ינָ֗יו לְֽחֵלְכָ֥ה יִצְפֹּֽנוּ׃
9
:יֶאֱרֹ֬ב בַּמִּסְתָּ֙ר׀ כְּאַרְיֵ֬ה בְסֻכֹּ֗ה
:יֶ֭אֱרֹב לַחֲט֣וֹף עָנִ֑י
:יַחְטֹ֥ף עָ֜נִ֗י בְּמָשְׁכ֥וֹ בְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃
10
:וִדְכֶּה יָשֹׁ֑חַ
:וְנָפַ֥ל בַּ֜עֲצוּמָ֗יו חֵלְכָּאִים׃
11
:אָמַ֣ר בְּ֭לִבּוֹ שָׁ֣כַֽח אֵ֑ל
:הִסְתִּ֥יר פָּ֜נָ֗יו בַּל־רָאָ֥ה לָנֶֽצַח׃
12
:קוּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֗ה אֵ֭ל נְשָׂ֣א יָדֶ֑ךָ
:אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח עֲנָיִים׃
13
:עַל־מֶ֤ה׀ נִאֵ֖ץ רָשָׁ֥ע׀ אֱלֹהִ֑ים
:אָמַ֥ר בְּ֜לִבּ֗וֹ לֹ֣א תִּדְרֹֽשׁ׃
14
:רָאִ֡תָה כִּֽי־אַתָּ֤ה׀ עָ֨מָ֤ל וָכַ֙עַס׀ תַּבִּיט֘
:לָתֵ֪ת בְּיָ֫דֶ֥ךָ
:עָ֭לֶיךָ יַעֲזֹ֣ב חֵלֶ֑כָה
:יָ֜ת֗וֹם אַתָּ֤ה׀ הָיִ֬יתָ עוֹזֵֽר׃
15
:שְׁ֭בֹר זְר֣וֹעַ רָשָׁ֑ע וָ֜רָ֗ע
:תִּֽדְרוֹשׁ־רִשְׁע֥וֹ בַל־תִּמְצָֽא׃
16
:יְהוָ֣ה מֶ֭לֶךְ עוֹלָ֣ם וָעֶ֑ד
:אָבְד֥וּ ג֜וֹיִ֗ם מֵֽאַרְצֽוֹ׃
17
:תַּאֲוַ֬ת עֲנָוִ֣ים שָׁמַ֣עְתָּ יְהוָ֑ה
:תָּכִ֥ין לִ֜בָּ֗ם תַּקְשִׁ֥יב אָזְנֶֽךָ׃
18
:לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט יָת֗וֹם וָ֫דָ֥ךְ
:בַּל־יוֹסִ֥יף ע֑וֹד
:לַעֲרֹ֥ץ אֱ֜נ֗וֹשׁ מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃
<u>Coordinating Phrases</u>
*v.3a: nouns מַלְכִּ֥י וֵאלֹהָי
*v.4b: verbs אֶעֱרָךְ־לְ֜ךָ וַאֲצַפֶּֽה
*v.7b: nouns אִישׁ־דָּמִים וּמִרְמָה
<u>Coordinating Lines</u>
*v.12b --(''waw'' + ''yiqtol'' verb [וְתָסֵךְ])--> v.12c
*v.12c --(''waw'' + ''yiqtol'' verb [וְיַעְלְצוּ])--> v.12d
<u>Coordinating Sections</u>
*Section 2.2 --(''waw'' + pronoun [וַאֲנִי])--> Section 2.3
*Section 3.2 --(''waw'' + ''yiqtol'' verb [וְיִשְׂמְחוּ])--> Section 3.3 +
<u>Coordinating Words/Phrases</u>
*v.3a: עֽוֹלְלִ֨ים ׀ וְֽיֹנְקִים֮
*v.3c: א֝וֹיֵ֗ב וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם
*v.4b: יָרֵ֥חַ וְ֝כוֹכָבִ֗ים
*v.6b: וְכָב֖וֹד וְהָדָ֣ר
*v.8a. צֹנֶ֣ה וַאֲלָפִ֣ים
*v.9a. צִפּ֣וֹר שָׁ֭מַיִם וּדְגֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם
<u>Coordinating Lines</u>
*v.5a --(וּבֶן־אָ֝דָ֗ם)--> v.5b
*v.6a --(ָּוְכָב֖וֹד)--> v.6b
*v.8a --(ָּוְ֝גַ֗ם)--> v.8b
<u>Coordinating Sections</u>
*vv.4-5 --(וַתְּחַסְּרֵ֣הוּ)--> vv.6-7 +
<u>Coordinating Words</u>
*v.2c. חָנֵּנִי וּשְׁמַע
*v.5a. רִגְזוּ וְאַל־תֶּחֱטָאוּ
*v.5b. אִמְרוּ בִלְבַבְכֶם עַל־מִשְׁכַּבְכֶם וְדֹמּוּ
*v.8b. דְּגָנָם וְתִירוֹשָׁם
*v.9a. אֶשְׁכְּבָה וְאִישָׁן
<u>Coordinating Lines</u>
*v.6a --''waw'' + impv.--> 6b
<u>Coordinating Units</u>
*v.3abc --''waw'' + impv.--> v.4ab
''Waw'' + imperative (v.4a) may be used to "express inferences."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BD4-QINU`"' On the other hand, the ''waw'' may be "disjunctive." Thus a marginal reading in the LXX tradition translates it as αλλα.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BD5-QINU`"' Other features in the text appear to support a seam in the text at this point (e.g.., the length of v.4a, the anaphoric repetition of words (בקראי, שׁמע), and the inclusio that binds together vv.4-5 (ודעו --- ודמו) as a section. +
<u>Coordinating Words</u>
*v.4a. כְּבוֹדִי וּמֵרִים
*v.6a. שָׁכַבְתִּי וָֽאִישָׁנָה
<u>Coordinating Lines</u>
*v.5a --(''waw'' + verb [וַיַּֽעֲנֵנִי])--> v.5b
*The majority of lines are joined asyndetically (2b, 3a, 3b, 4b, 5a, 6a, 6b, 7a, 8a, 8b, 8d, 9a, 9b)
*some MT manuscripts, along with the Syriac Peshitta, have a conjunction before שִׁנֵּי in 8d.
*some MT manuscripts, along with the LXX and the Syriac Peshitta, have a conjunction before עַל in 9b.
<u>Coordinating Sections</u>
*Section 1 --(''waw'' + pronoun[וְאַתָּה])--> Section 2
*the first ''waw'' to appear in the Psalm (not until v. 4a!) is disjunctive +
<u>Coordinating words within a line</u>
*v.2c (coordinating prepositional phrases)
*v.12b (coordinating clauses)
<u>Coordinating lines within a unit</u></br>
The parallel lines are most often connected to one another by ו at the start of the b-line (1b, 2b, 3b, 5b, 8c, 11b). Exceptions are 4ab, 7cd, and 9ab, which are connected asyndetically (ø).
*v.1a --(''waw'' + noun)--> 1b
*v.2a --(''waw'' + noun)--> 2b
*v.3a --(''waw'' + verb)--> 3b
*v.5a --(''waw'' + noun)--> 5b
*v.8a --(''waw'' + verb)--> 8b --(''waw'' + noun)--> 8c
*v.11a --(''waw'' + verb)--> 11b
<u>Coordinating units (bicola, tricola, etc.) within a section</u></br>
The bicola are most often connected to one another asyndetically. The only a-lines to begin with ו are 6a (disjunctive waw) and 10a (w/עתה), both of which mark points of discontinuity.
*v.6a (''waw'' + pronoun [אֲנִי])
<u>Coordinating sections</u>
*v.10a (''waw'' + עַתָּה)
<u>Parallel lines connected asyndetically</u></br>
'"`UNIQ--nowiki-000009F7-QINU`"'Note the cluster of asyndetic lines in v.7. This has the effect of slowing down the psalm at this dramatic/climactic point.
*4ab
*7ab
*7cd
*9ab
*10ab +
<u>Coordinating words within a line</u>
*v.2b יוֹמָם וָלַיְלָה
<u>Coordinating lines within a unit</u>
*v.1b --(''waw'' + noun)--> 1c --(''waw'' + noun)--> 1d
*v.2a --(''waw'' + noun)--> 2b
*v.3b --(''waw'' + noun)--> 3c --(''waw'' + noun)--> 3d
*v.5a --(''waw'' + noun)--> 5b
*v.6a --(''waw'' + noun)--> 6b
<u>Coordinating units (bicola, tricola, etc.) within a section</u>
*v.2 --(''weqatal'')--> v.3
<u>Coordinating sections (none)</u>
The connective ‘and’ in the various parallelisms and structures of intensification require some care in the translation of those parallelisms where they occur. In some languages ‘and’ is never used for a sequential action or a next phase, the verse lines are just juxtapositioned with no connective whatsoever. +
<u>Distribution</u>
{|style="border-spacing: 10px;"
| 2a || || אַל
|-
| 2b || || אַל
|-
| 3a
|-
| 3b
|-
| 4a
|-
| 4b
|-
| 5a
|-
| 5b
|-
| 6a || || || אֵין
|-
| 6b
|-
| 7a
|-
| 7b
|-
| 7c
|-
| 8a
|-
| 8b
|-
| 9a
|-
| 9b
|-
| 10a
|-
| 10b
|-
| 11a
|-
| 11b
|}
*repetition of אַל in v.2ab opens psalm on a somber note and strengthens the opening parallelism +
<u>Distribution</u>
{|style="border-spacing: 10px;"
| 2a || || אַל
|-
| 2b || || אַל
|-
| 3a
|-
| 3b
|-
| 4a
|-
| 4b
|-
| 5a
|-
| 5b
|-
| 6a || || || אֵין
|-
| 6b
|-
| 7a
|-
| 7b
|-
| 7c
|-
| 8a
|-
| 8b
|-
| 9a
|-
| 9b
|-
| 10a
|-
| 10b
|-
| 11a
|-
| 11b
|} +
<u>Distribution</u>
{|style="border-spacing: 10px;"
| 2a
|-
| 2b
|-
| 3a || || לְקוֹל
|-
| 3b || || || אֵלֶיךָ
|-
| 4a || || לְךָ
|-
| 4b
|-
| 5a || || לְנֶגֶד || || לְנֶגֶד
|-
| 5b
|-
| 6a
|-
| 6b
|-
| 7a
|-
| 7b
|-
| 8a || || || || || בְּרֹב
|-
| 8b || || || אֶל הֵיכַל קָדְשׁךָ || || בְּיִראָתֶךָ
|-
| 9a || || || || || בְצִדְקָתֶךָ
|-
| 9b || || לְפָנַי
|-
| 10a || || || || || בְּפִיהוּ
|-
| 10b
|-
| 10c
|-
| 10d
|-
| 11a
|-
| 11b || || || || || || מִמֹּעֲצוֹתֵיהֶם
|-
| 11c || || || || || בְּרֹב
|-
| 11d || || || || || בָךְ
|-
| 12a || || || || || בָךְ
|-
| 12b || || לְעוֹלָם
|-
| 12c || || || || || || || עָלֵימוֹ
|-
| 12d || || || || || בְךָ
|-
| 13a
|-
| 13b || || || || || || || || כַּ֜צִּנָּ֗ה
|}
<u>Clustering</u>
*The preposition בְּ occurs 8 times in the psalm, clustering in vv.8-9 and vv.11-12.
<u>Connections</u>
*The preposition בְּ occurs with a 2ms suffix in pausal form (בָךְ) at the end of consecutive lines (11d, 12a). This feature creates a strong contrast: while the wicked rebel against (בְּ) Yahweh, the righteous take refuge in (בְּ) him.
*The preposition בְּ connects parallel lines at v.8ab (conjunctive) and v.12ad (disjunctive). +
<u>Distribution</u>
{|style="border-spacing: 10px;"
| 2a || || בְּאַפְּךָ֥
|-
| 2b || || בַּחֲמָתְךָ֥
|-
| 3a
|-
| 3b
|-
| 4a
|-
| 4b || || || עַד־מָתָֽי׃
|-
| 5a
|-
| 5b || || || || לְמַ֣עַן חַסְדֶּֽךָ׃
|-
| 6a || || בַּמָּ֣וֶת
|-
| 6b || || בִּ֝שְׁא֗וֹל || || || לָּֽךְ׃
|-
| 7a || || בְּֽאַנְחָתִ֗י
|-
| 7b || || בְכָל־לַ֭יְלָה
|-
| 7c || || בְּ֝דִמְעָתִ֗י
|-
| 8a || || || || || || מִכַּ֣עַס
|-
| 8b || || בְּכָל־צוֹרְרָֽי׃
|-
| 9a || || || || || || מִ֭מֶּנִּי
|-
| 9b
|-
| 10a
|-
| 10b
|-
| 11a
|-
| 11b
|}
<u>Clustering</u>
*Prepositions cluster in the middle of the psalm (vv.6-8).
*The preposition בְּ occurs eight times in this psalm, clustering in vv.6-7 where it occurs in five consecutive lines. Parallel ''beth'' prepositions also connect v.2ab.
<u>Structural Significance</u>
*On a micro-structural level, the recursion of ''beth'' prepositions strengthens parallelisms (vv. 2, 6) and gives cohesion to certain repetition groups (vv. 2, 6, 7).
*On a macro-structural level, the cluster of ''beth'' prepositions around a major boundary in the middle of the poem (vv.6-7) forms an overlap structure (anadiplosis). This has the effect of smoothing over the discontinuity between v.6 and v.7 and tying the two halves of the psalm into a cohesive whole.
*'''v.2ab.''' "Whether the ְבּ of both cola has an instrumental (e.g., Pro. 3:11-12; Job 5:17) or causal (Ps. 38:1, 39:11) sense is difficult to determine; perhaps both are intended, an instance of intentional poetic ambiguity—or 'semantic density' of expression: 'Do not rebuke me by means of//because of your anger!'"'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D33-QINU`"'
*'''v.7a.''' The בְּ preposition in this line "may be understood to indicate the condition or the cause, and in this case possibly both."'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D34-QINU`"' +
<u>Distribution</u>
{|style="border-spacing: 10px;"
| 2a
|-
| 2b
|-
| 3a
|-
| 3b
|-
| 4a
|-
| 4b
|-
| 5a || || אַתָּה
|-
| 5b
|-
| 6a
|-
| 6b
|-
| 7a
|-
| 7b
|-
| 8a || || || וַאֲנִי
|-
| 8b
|-
| 9a
|-
| 9b
|-
| 10a
|-
| 10b
|-
| 10c
|-
| 10d
|-
| 11a
|-
| 11b
|-
| 11c
|-
| 11d
|-
| 12a
|-
| 12b
|-
| 12c
|-
| 12d
|-
| 13a || || אַתָּה
|-
| 13b
|}
<u>Structural Significance</u>
*Anaphora: independent personal pronouns are found in the opening line of sections 2.2, 2.3, and 4. +
<u>Distribution</u>
{|style="border-spacing: 10px;"
| 2a
|-
| 2b
|-
| 3a
|-
| 3b
|-
| 4a
|-
| 4b
|-
| 5a || || לֹא
|-
| 5b || || לֹא
|-
| 6a || || לֹא
|-
| 6b
|-
| 7a
|-
| 7b
|-
| 8a
|-
| 8b
|-
| 9a
|-
| 9b
|-
| 10a || || || אֵין
|-
| 10b
|-
| 10c
|-
| 10d
|-
| 11a
|-
| 11b
|-
| 11c
|-
| 11d
|-
| 12a
|-
| 12b
|-
| 12c
|-
| 12d
|-
| 13a
|-
| 13b
|}
<u>Clustering</u>
*vv.5-6
<u>Connections</u>
*Both v.5a and v.10a are negated verbless clauses that begin with כִּי.
<u>Structural Significance</u>
*Section 2.2 consists of the three negative statements (vv.5ab-6a) followed by three positive statements (vv.6b-7ab).
*Negative markers play a role in defining the macrostructure of the psalm. Both v.5a and v.10a are negated verbless clauses that begin with כִּי. They open parallel subsections in the psalm (2.2 [vv.5-7] and 3.2 [vv.10-11] respectively). +
<u>Dynamic Translation by Ryan Sikes</u>
:Yahweh, ''many'' are my enemies;
:''Many'' rising against me;
:''Many'' saying to my soul,
:"Of '''rescue''' with God, he has no hope."
:Yet ''you'', Yahweh, are my shield all ‘round,
:My honor, exalting me up from the ground.
:My voice to Yahweh will call out,
:He'll answer from his sacred mount.
:''I'' lay down to sleep and slept
:I woke, for Yahweh keeps me kept.
:I will not fear ten-thousand strong
:Though on every side they throng.
:Rise up, Yahweh!
:'''Rescue''' me, my God!
:You batter the mouths of malicious men!
:You fracture the fangs of my foes!
:The '''rescue''' is Yahweh’s!
:Your blessing on your people.
<u>Poetic Translation by Brad Willits</u>
:Title: Prayer for Protection
:Oh Lord,<sup>1</sup> do you see how many are rising up against me?
:Everyone wants to see me crushed!
:They claim that you will not do anything for me.
:But I know that is not true; you are my protector<sup>2</sup> Oh Lord!
:You will give me victory and I will overcome.<sup>3</sup>
:I call on you from the bottom of my heart
:And you will answer me from the top of your Holy Mountain.
:I will sleep like a baby<sup>11</sup> and wake up in peace,
:Because you are ever with me.
:I will not fear those who surround me in hatred
:Though the odds seem impossible.<sup>12</sup>
:I count on you Oh Lord for my deliverance.
:Deal with those who hate me.
:You are the only deliverer.
:Bless your beloved<sup>13</sup> people oh Lord.
<u>Footnotes</u>
#This appellative maintains coherence in the prayer to God.
#The idea of “protector” is more applicable to a modern audience.
#A more modern way to talk about “glory” and “raising of the head.”
#Idiomatic expression of peaceful sleep which is what the Psalmist has in mind.
#Idiomatic expression to capture the reference to “ten thousand enemies.”
#Added adjective to underline the sentiment of God’s protection; a question of love rather than power. +
<u>Lines</u>
Lines ending with ם
*'''v.2b.''' עַל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם
*'''v.3a.''' וְֽיֹנְקִים֮
*'''v.3c.''' וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם
*'''v.6b.''' מֵאֱלֹהִ֑ים
*'''v.8a.''' כֻּלָּ֑ם
*'''v.9a.''' הַיָּ֑ם
*'''v.9b.''' יַמִּֽים
Lines ending with נּוּ
*'''v.2a.''' אֲדֹנֵ֗ינוּ
*'''v.5a.''' תִזְכְּרֶ֑נּוּ
*'''v.5b.''' תִפְקְדֶֽנּוּ
*'''v.10a.''' אֲדֹנֵ֑ינוּ
This is one of a number of phonological features that ties the center of the psalm (v.5) to the frame (vv.2,10). See also the [[#Sound combinations|Sound combinations]] of א + ד + מ/נ and מה + א.
<u>Words within lines</u>
*'''vv.6ab,7a.''' ''h'' + ''ū'' endings: וַתְּחַסְּרֵ֣הוּ (v.6a); תְּעַטְּרֵֽהוּ (v.6b); תַּ֭מְשִׁילֵהוּ (v.7a) +
<u>Lines</u>
*'''v.7bc.'''
:'''צ'''וֹרְרָ֑י
:'''צִ'''וִּֽיתָ׃
<u>Words within lines</u>
*'''v.2b.''' הוֹשִׁיעֵ֥'''נִי'''...וְהַצִּילֵֽ'''נִי'''׃
*'''v.10c.''' לִ֭בּ֗'''וֹת '''וּכְלָי֗'''וֹת''' +