Psalm 78/Notes/Lexical.V. 48.50141: Difference between revisions
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|Text='''v. 48''' – The word רֶשֶׁף appears seven times in the Bible and has received numerous interpretations. The two major positions seem to be those of a generic '''plague''', and flames of light, i.e., '''lightning'''. | |Text='''v. 48''' – The word רֶשֶׁף appears seven times in the Bible and has received numerous interpretations. The two major positions seem to be those of a generic '''plague''', and flames of light, i.e., '''lightning'''. | ||
• The "'''plague'''" reading is probably due to the parallel appearance of קֶטֶב in Deut 32:24 and דֶּבֶר in Hab 3:5. In the latter case there is evidence for the tradition of the "plague god" Rašap (see HALOT) in the Vulgate's diabolus. Deut 32:24, on the other hand, reads "birds" in the LXX, Vulgate and Targum Onkelos. | • The "'''plague'''" reading is probably due to the parallel appearance of קֶטֶב in Deut 32:24 and דֶּבֶר in Hab 3:5. In the latter case there is evidence for the tradition of the "plague god" Rašap (see HALOT) in the Vulgate's diabolus. Deut 32:24, on the other hand, reads "birds" in the LXX, Vulgate and Targum Onkelos. | ||
• "'''Birds'''" are also attested in our present verse in Aquila and Symmachus, while Shemot Rabbah (12) makes the explicit connection to the בְנֵי־רֶ֝֗שֶׁף in Job 5:7, which it interprets as birds, stating, "What is 'and their livestock ''lareshafim''? These are birds, as it is stated: 'As the sparks [''uvnei reshef''] fly upward' (Job 5:7). | • "'''Birds'''" are also attested in our present verse in Aquila and Symmachus, while Shemot Rabbah (12) makes the explicit connection to the בְנֵי־רֶ֝֗שֶׁף in Job 5:7, which it interprets as birds, stating, "What is 'and their livestock ''lareshafim''? These are birds, as it is stated: 'As the sparks [''uvnei reshef''] fly upward' (Job 5:7). | ||
• "'''Flame/flashes'''" seem to be the most likely reading: | • "'''Flame/flashes'''" seem to be the most likely reading: | ||
– The other instances of the word are in construct with קֶשֶׁת and אֵשׁ (see Ps 76:4, רִשְׁפֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת and Song 8:6, רְשָׁפֶ֕יהָ רִשְׁפֵּ֕י אֵ֖שׁ). | – The other instances of the word are in construct with קֶשֶׁת and אֵשׁ (see Ps 76:4, רִשְׁפֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת and Song 8:6, רְשָׁפֶ֕יהָ רִשְׁפֵּ֕י אֵ֖שׁ). | ||
– RADAK's ''Sefer HaShorashim'' offers a semantic map neatly organised around the idea of "coals" (ענין הכל גחלים), though Job 5:7 probably refers to "sparks" (הניצוצות), Deut 34:24 as a plague which results in heat, i.e., fever (חולי החמימות שהוא ברשף) as the connection to "fire." Unfortunately he mentions every other instance except our verse. | – RADAK's ''Sefer HaShorashim'' offers a semantic map neatly organised around the idea of "coals" (ענין הכל גחלים), though Job 5:7 probably refers to "sparks" (הניצוצות), Deut 34:24 as a plague which results in heat, i.e., fever (חולי החמימות שהוא ברשף) as the connection to "fire." Unfortunately he mentions every other instance except our verse. | ||
– Once again, we must draw upon context and the parallel line, which speaks of hail. Something coming from the sky which resembles fire most likely refers to '''lightning'''. | – Once again, we must draw upon context and the parallel line, which speaks of hail. Something coming from the sky which resembles fire most likely refers to '''lightning'''. | ||
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Revision as of 10:02, 21 April 2025
v. 48 – The word רֶשֶׁף appears seven times in the Bible and has received numerous interpretations. The two major positions seem to be those of a generic plague, and flames of light, i.e., lightning.
• The "plague" reading is probably due to the parallel appearance of קֶטֶב in Deut 32:24 and דֶּבֶר in Hab 3:5. In the latter case there is evidence for the tradition of the "plague god" Rašap (see HALOT) in the Vulgate's diabolus. Deut 32:24, on the other hand, reads "birds" in the LXX, Vulgate and Targum Onkelos.
• "Birds" are also attested in our present verse in Aquila and Symmachus, while Shemot Rabbah (12) makes the explicit connection to the בְנֵי־רֶ֝֗שֶׁף in Job 5:7, which it interprets as birds, stating, "What is 'and their livestock lareshafim? These are birds, as it is stated: 'As the sparks [uvnei reshef] fly upward' (Job 5:7).
• "Flame/flashes" seem to be the most likely reading:
– The other instances of the word are in construct with קֶשֶׁת and אֵשׁ (see Ps 76:4, רִשְׁפֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת and Song 8:6, רְשָׁפֶ֕יהָ רִשְׁפֵּ֕י אֵ֖שׁ).
– RADAK's Sefer HaShorashim offers a semantic map neatly organised around the idea of "coals" (ענין הכל גחלים), though Job 5:7 probably refers to "sparks" (הניצוצות), Deut 34:24 as a plague which results in heat, i.e., fever (חולי החמימות שהוא ברשף) as the connection to "fire." Unfortunately he mentions every other instance except our verse.
– Once again, we must draw upon context and the parallel line, which speaks of hail. Something coming from the sky which resembles fire most likely refers to lightning.