Test/metaphors

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Reference	Chapter	Verse	Source Element (Hebrew)	Source Element (Gloss)	Source Element (English)	Target Element (Hebrew)	Target Element (English)	IsParent	Prominence	Notes
Psalm 102:12	102	12			grass		days		unset	Pair of images that express fleeting strength, waning hope.
Psalm 102:12	102	12	כָּעֵ֥שֶׂב	like-grass			1sg		unset	My days are like an evening shadow. I wither away like grass.
Psalm 102:12	102	12	אִיבָֽשׁ׃	wither away	wither away		lose strength and vitality		unset	Evening shadow brings out the ephemeral nature of the withering
Psalm 102:5	102	5			grass		heart		unset	“My heart is struck down like grass and has withered”
Psalm 102:5	102	5	הוּכָּֽה־כָ֭עֵשֶׂב וַיִּבַ֣שׁ לִבִּ֑י						unset	“My heart is struck down like grass and has withered”
Psalm 102:5	102	5	וַיִּבַ֣שׁ	and-3ms.withered	has withered				unset
Psalm 102:5	102	5	הוּכָּֽה־	is stricken	is struck down				unset	Note this verb is not lexically specific to the plant domain (usually for striking/killing people)
Psalm 102:5	102	5		Like-grass is.stricken			My heart [is stricken]		unset	Verb is ellided where “my heart” is the argument
Psalm 102:5	102	5	כָ֭עֵשֶׂב	like-grass	Like grass	לִבִּ֑י	my heart		unset	“My heart is struck down like grass and has withered” Not sure how to do the verb part
Psalm 103:15	103	15	יָצִֽיץ׃	3ms.flourishes	he flourishes		thriving is short-lived?		unset
Psalm 103:15	103	15	כְּצִ֥יץ הַ֝שָּׂדֶ֗ה	like-flower of the field	like a flower of the field		3ms (man)		unset	“He flourishes like a flower of the field”
Psalm 103:15	103	15	כֶּחָצִ֣יר	like-grass	like grass	יָמָ֑יו	(man) his days		unset
Psalm 112:2	112	2	זֶ֫רַע	seed			Descendants (of the righteous man)		unset	“Seed” in the sense of offspring, descendants is a recognized secondary sense of this BH term. It depends on the conceptual metaphor People are Plants. As a sec. sense, it is extremely conventional. [Pohlig].
Psalm 128:3	128	3	כְּגֶ֥פֶן פֹּרִיָּה֮	A fruitful vine	same	אֶשְׁתְּךָֽ	Your wife		unset	Said to and about all who honor YHWH
Psalm 128:3	128	3	כִּשְׁתִלֵ֣י זֵיתִ֑ים	Young olive tree shoots	same	בָּ֭נֶיךָ	Your children		unset
Psalm 129:6-7	129	6	כַּחֲצִ֣יר גַּגֹּ֑ות שֶׁקַּדְמַ֖ת שָׁלַ֣ף יָבֵֽשׁ	Like the grass of the roof (that) the east wind withers	same	כֹּ֝֗ל שֹׂנְאֵ֥י צִיֹּֽון	All the haters of Zion		unset	The grass that naturally grows on earthen rooftops will wither quickly under the hot sun
Psalm 129:6-7	129	6	שֶׁלֹּ֤א מִלֵּ֖א כַפֹּ֥ו קֹוצֵ֗ר	No reaper fills his hand			No good comes from the haters of Zion		unset
Psalm 129:6-7	129	6	וְחִצְנֹ֥ו מְעַמֵּֽר	One who binds sheaves and carries them in his breast.	One who bind sheaves and carries them in the folds of his garment at his chest.		No good comes from the haters of Zion		unset
Psalm 144:12	144	12	בָּנֵ֨ינוּ כִּנְטִעִים֮ מְגֻדָּלִ֪ים בִּֽנְעוּרֵ֫יהֶ֥ם		plants brought up from their youth		“Our sons”--a sign of blessing from YHWH		unset
Psalm 1:3	1	3	כְּעֵץ֮	like-tree	like a tree	הָאִ֗ישׁ	the man		very high	explicit simile
Psalm 1:3	1	3	שָׁת֪וּל עַֽל־פַּלְגֵ֫י מָ֥יִם	being.planted on-channels.of waters	planted by streams of water		is supplied with what he needs		very high	Within context, the irrigation likely maps to Torah as what enables flourishing.
Psalm 1:3	1	3	וְעָלֵ֥הוּ לֹֽא־יִבּ֑וֹל	and.its.leaf does.not wither	and its leaf does not wither		endures, thrives		very high
Psalm 1:3	1	3	בְּעִתּ֗וֹ	in.its.time	in season		as/when expected		very high	within the metaphor, עֵת 'time' is interpreted as 'season'
Psalm 1:3	1	3	פִּרְי֨וֹ׀ יִתֵּ֬ן	its.fruit it.gives	it yields fruit		does well, succeeds, is of benefit to others		very high	יִתֵּ֬ן is not metaphoric itself, but when it takes פִּרְי֨וֹ as its object, the VP as a whole seems metaphoric ('yield fruit')
Psalm 1:3	1	3	פִּרְי֨וֹ	its.fruit	fruit		Provision for those under the care of “the man”		very high
Psalm 1:4	1	4	מֹּ֗ץ	chaff	chaff	הָרְשָׁעִ֑ים	the wicked		very high	explicit simile
Psalm 1:4	1	4	תִּדְּפֶ֥נּוּ רֽוּחַ	It.scatters wind	the wind blows away		is not preserved		very high
Psalm 21:11	21	11	פִּרְיָמוֹ	their.fruit	their descendants		their offspring, children, descendants		low	Is this really “prosperity” with children as one (key) component?
Psalm 21:11	21	11	וְזַרְעָם	their.seed	their offspring		descendants, children		low
Psalm 35:5	35	5	כְּמֹ֥ץ	like.chaff	like chaff	רֹדְפָ֑י	My pursuers (v. 3)		high
Psalm 35:5	35	5	לִפְנֵי־ר֑וּחַ	before-wind	Before the wind	וּמַלְאַ֥ךְ יְ֝הוָ֗ה	Angel of YHWH		high	Note that this CM PEOPLE ARE PLANTS implicitly interacts with another CM, something like THE WIND IS IMPERMANENCE, which, in my humble view, is associated with THE WIND as a very common cultural model of impermanence.
Psalm 35:5	35	5	כְּמֹ֥ץ לִפְנֵי־ר֑וּחַ	Like.chaff before-wind	(May they be like) chaff before the wind, (the angel of YHWH driving [them away].)		A malediction of impermanence and destruction laid upon the psalmist’s enemies "		high	A (likely conventional) simile introducing a metaphor based on the same CM: enemies are chaff, the angel is to drive them away. Driving them away on the wind is understood, because that’s how grain is winnowed."
Psalm 37:2	37	2	יִמָּ֑לוּ	they.wither	They will fade		[not flourish]		high	Opposite of flourishing
Psalm 37:2	37	2	כֶ֭חָצִיר מְהֵרָ֣ה יִמָּ֑לוּ .וּכְיֶ֥רֶק דֶּ֝֗שֶׁא יִבֹּולֽוּן	Like.grass quickly they.wither And.like.green herb they.droop	Will fade like the grass, wither like green plants		The wicked		high	Premetaphorized simile
Psalm 37:2	37	2	יִבֹּולֽוּן	they.droop	[they will] wither		[not flourish]		high
Psalm 37:2	37	2	.וּכְיֶ֥רֶק דֶּ֝֗שֶׁא	And.like.green grass	Like the green herb		evildoers, wrongdoers (v. 1)		high
Psalm 37:2	37	2	כֶ֭חָצִיר	like.grass	Like the grass	בַּמְּרֵעִ֑ים בַּמְּרֵעִ֑ים	evildoers, wrongdoers (v. 1)		high
Psalm 37:35	37	35	כְּאֶזְרָ֥ח רַעֲנָֽן׃	Like.native luxuriant	Like a luxuriant tree	רָשָׁ֣ע	Wicked man		medium	Never used elsewhere for tree in the Bible (אזרח). Assumed to mean native “tree” from רענן. Native tree as opposed to transplanted tree (cf. Psalm 1)? Or wild tree vs cultivated tree?
Psalm 37:35	37	35	וּמִתְעָרֶ֗ה	And.spreading.himself	Spreading himself out		Immodestly flaunting [prosperity, success]		medium	Only other instance in Lam 4:21, “shamelessly exposing oneself”
Psalm 37:35	37	35	וּמִתְעָרֶ֗ה כְּאֶזְרָ֥ח רַעֲנָֽן׃	And.spreading.himself like.native luxuriant	Spreading himself out (?) like a luxuriant tree (cedar?)				medium	Metaphorized simile, if this sense of וּ֝מִתְעָרֶ֗ה is accepted. It’s a difficult passage.
Psalm 44:3	44	3	וַתִּטָּעֵ֑ם	You planted them	You planted them (in the land) (our Israelite ancestors)	God settled them in the land	God settled them in the land		low	נָטַע ‘to plant’ (of trees or vines); fig. use of peoples, shows up as secondary sense in lexica. I.e., this CM is incorporated into the lexical treatment of.this verb.
Psalm 44:3	44	3	וַֽתְּשַׁלְּחֵֽם	You spread them out	You made them spread out, like growing trees.		You made them flourish like trees. You multiplied them in the land and made them take control of it. "		unset	Two instantiations in the verse of the same CM. See Psalm 80:8-13, 15-16 (?) for more examples."
Psalm 52:10	52	10	כְּזַ֣יִת רַ֭עֲנָן	luxuriant olive.tree					unset	Misleading English translation ‘in the house of YHWH’, tho. This suggests an olive tree in the structure of the Temple itself, whereas it’s really in the Temple precincts, the Temple gardens.
Psalm 52:7	52	7	וְשֵֽׁרֶשְׁךָ֨	uproot.3ms.pf+2ms	He will uproot you (from the land of the living)		God will permanently remove the wicked		low
Psalm 52:7	52	7		3ms.subject	Uprooter (gardener?)	אֵל֮	God		low
Psalm 52:7	52	7		2ms suffix	Plant with roots	הַגִּבּ֑וֹר	The mighty man (v.3)		low	Although v.7 only has the verb with attached pronouns, I’ve also included the mapped elements for the subject and object that are invoked by this metaphor
Psalm 58:10	58	10	בְּטֶ֤רֶם יָבִ֣ינוּ סִּֽירֹתֵיכֶ֣ם אָטָ֑ד כְּמֹו־חַ֥י כְּמֹו־חָ֝רֹ֗ון יִשְׂעָרֶֽנּוּ						low	All commentators acknowledge this to be a very difficult line. Ross translates, “Before your pots can feel the fire of thorns, both green and burning, they shall be whirled away.” There is a possible allusion here to imaging the wicked as thorns. This is why I have cited this line. Prominence is set to 1, assuming the sense of ‘before their thorns ripen in bramble’ (Alter).
Psalm 62:11	62	11	יָנוּב	Bear fruit	increase	חַיִל	Riches that increase		unset	Riches bear fruit: riches increase, same word is also used in Psalm 92:15, same word also occurs in Proverbs 10:31, and Zec 9:17
Psalm 72:16	72	16	וְיָצִ֥יצוּ מֵ֝עִ֗יר	May.they.blossom from.city	May they blossom forth from the cities		May [people] blossom forth from the cit[ies] like the grass of the land.		medium	The verb צוּץ (BDB) ציץ (HALOT) denotes ‘blossom’, then ‘shine, sparkle, gleam’. It is not simply the case that this verb has these different senses, for these different notions overlap regardless of the specific verb used.
Psalm 72:7	72	7	יִֽפְרַח־בְּיָמָ֥יו צַדִּ֑יק	3ms.will-sprout in-his-days righteous-one	will sprout/flourish		prosper		low	A common metaphor for a person or a nation to prosper, in this case, the king. HALOT prefers to view all such collocations as expressing metaphor instead of as lexical secondary senses. I should also note the resemblance of פרח ‘sprout’ to פָּרָה ‘blossom’. These are different verbs, but one can allude to the other. Moreover, there is heavy semantic overlap of the BH notion of sprouting and blossoming with the notion of joy (see Malul 2002:150 ftnt 98).
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