Test/Verse Excerpts
From Psalms: Layer by Layer
Analytical Summary
King David has sinned, and YHWH has become angry. YHWH will discipline the king as a father disciplines his son (cf. 2 Sam. 7:14), but David pleads that the discipline not be animated by anger.
Verse | Hebrew MT | Interlinear gloss | Meaning-based translation |
---|---|---|---|
v. 2 | יְֽהוָ֗ה אַל־בְּאַפְּךָ֥ תוֹכִיחֵ֑נִי | YHWH, not-in-your-anger correct-me. | YHWH, don't let it be in your anger that you punish me. |
וְֽאַל־בַּחֲמָתְךָ֥ תְיַסְּרֵֽנִי׃ | and-not-in-your-wrath discipline-me. | Don't let it be in your wrath that you discipline me. |
Analysis
Grammar
- The negative particle אל usually modifies the whole clause, but here it functions as a "constituent negative, negating only the prepositional phrase."[1] "In these passages (Ps. 6:2; 38:2), we may consider that the negative אל does not negate the following verb but the prepositional group."[2]
Participant Analysis
Semantics
Lexical Semantics
Word | POS | Lexical domain | Contextual domain | Definition | Gloss |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
יהוה | name | Names of Deities | deity; ► God of Israel who revealed himself to Moses | YHWH | |
אַף | noun | People > Angry | Body > Temper; Divine | state of extreme displeasure; ≈ often associated with fire and smoke | anger; wrath |
יכח | verb | Chastise | Music and Dance | action by which humans or deities inflict a penalty on others as retribution for what they have done | to correct; to punish |
חֵמָה | noun | Angry | Temper; Divine | state in which humans and deities experience excitement ◄ caused by anger | anger; wrath; jealousy |
יסר | verb | Chastise | Authority; Recompense; Behavior; Human; Temper</span | action by which humans or deities respond to negative behavior of (other) humans by administering some sort of punishment, which may range from a verbal rebuke to physical correction, ► often done with corrective intent, but sometimes also as retribution | to discipline |
Verbal Semantics
Unit-level semantics
Assumptions
Common ground
- YHWH is the covenant God of Israel and of David, Israel's king.
- The king is God's son. "The Canaanite and ANE culture shows that the notion of the king as a son of god was well established." (Cf. Ps. 2:7; 2 Sam. 7:14).
- Good fathers discipline their sons (Prov. 13:24; 23:13-14; cf. 2 Sam. 7:14).
- The purpose for discipline is correction and/or retribution (SDBH).
- YHWH is slow to anger (Ex. 34:6-7).
- YHWH is the creator of heaven and earth (Gen. 1-2).
- Discipline is a necessary response to disobedience.
- Deities may be said to experience emotions such as anger. "The overwhelming majority of instances of anger in the OT speak of God's anger"
- YHWH is the covenant God of Israel and of David, Israel's king.
- Good fathers discipline their sons (Prov. 13:24; 23:13-14; cf. 2 Sam. 7:14).
- The purpose for discipline is correction and/or retribution (SDBH).
- Deities may be said to experience emotions such as anger. "The overwhelming majority of instances of anger in the OT speak of God's anger"[3]
- YHWH is slow to anger (Ex. 34:6-7).
- YHWH is the creator of heaven and earth (Gen. 1-2).
- Discipline is a necessary response to disobedience.
- The king is God's son. "The Canaanite and ANE culture shows that the notion of the king as a son of god was well established."[4] (Cf. Ps. 2:7; 2 Sam. 7:14).
Local ground
- It is possible to discipline without anger.
- YHWH is angry.
- It is possible to discipline without anger.
- YHWH is angry.
Playground
- David has sinned against YHWH.
- Discipline in anger could lead to death and destruction.
- Discipline in mercy could lead to restoration.
- Discipline itself is to be desired, just not discipline animated by anger.
- David has sinned against YHWH.
- Discipline in anger could lead to death and destruction.
- Discipline in mercy could lead to restoration.
- Discipline itself is to be desired, just not discipline animated by anger.
Cognitive Representation
The first story is what David prays will not happen.
This second story is what David hopes will happen.
- ↑ BHRG §41.3.
- ↑ Jean-Sébastien Rey "Dislocated Negations": Negative אל Followed by a Non-verbal Constituent in Biblical, Ben Sira and Qumran Hebrew 2018.
- ↑ DBI 1998:25
- ↑ Peter Gentry, "A Preliminary Evaluation and Critique of Prosopological Exegesis," SBJT 23.2, 2019: 113.