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Negative markers
Negative markers
- v.11b. לֹֽא־עָזַ֖בְתָּ
- v.13b. לֹֽא־שָׁ֝כַ֗ח
- v.19b. לֹ֣א לָ֭נֶצַח יִשָּׁכַ֣ח
- v.20a. אַל־יָעֹ֣ז
The four negative clauses happen to form a kind of chiasm: a לֹֽא־עָזַ֖ b לֹֽא־שָׁ֝כַ֗ח b' לֹ֣א...יִשָּׁכַ֣ח a' אַל־יָעֹ֣ז
- v.11b. לֹֽא־עָזַ֖בְתָּ
- v.13b. לֹֽא־שָׁ֝כַ֗ח
- v.19b. לֹ֣א לָ֭נֶצַח יִשָּׁכַ֣ח
- v.20a. אַל־יָעֹ֣ז
The four negative clauses happen to form a kind of chiasm: a לֹֽא־עָזַ֖ b לֹֽא־שָׁ֝כַ֗ח b' לֹ֣א...יִשָּׁכַ֣ח a' אַל־יָעֹ֣ז
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Independent personal pronouns
Independent personal pronouns
- v.7c. הֵמָּה
- v.9a. וְה֗וּא
- v.21c. הֵמָּה
There is a clear connection between v.7c and v.21c. Both end with the pronoun הֵמָּה and thus conclude a tricolon and a stanza (epiphora). This feature argues strongly for the MT line division. The 3ms personal pronoun (הוּא) in v.9a, with its antecedent in v.8a (יהוה), binds v.9 to v.8 (cohesion).
- v.7c. הֵמָּה
- v.9a. וְה֗וּא
- v.21c. הֵמָּה
There is a clear connection between v.7c and v.21c. Both end with the pronoun הֵמָּה and thus conclude a tricolon and a stanza (epiphora). This feature argues strongly for the MT line division. The 3ms personal pronoun (הוּא) in v.9a, with its antecedent in v.8a (יהוה), binds v.9 to v.8 (cohesion).
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Prepositions
Prepositions
| 2a |
בְּכָל־לִבִּ֑י
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| 2b
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| 3a |
בָ֑ךְ
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| 3b |
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| 4a |
בְּשׁוּב־אוֹיְבַ֥י
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| 4b |
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מִפָּנֶֽיךָ
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| 5a |
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| 5b |
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לְ֝כִסֵּ֗א
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| 6a |
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| 6b |
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לְעוֹלָ֥ם
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| 7a |
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לָ֫נֶ֥צַח
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| 7b |
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| 7c |
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| 8a |
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לְעוֹלָ֣ם
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| 8b |
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לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט
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| 9a |
בְּצֶ֑דֶק
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| 9b |
בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים
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| 10a |
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לַדָּ֑ךְ
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| 10b |
בַּצָּרָֽה |
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לְעִתּ֥וֹת
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| 11a |
בְ֭ךָ
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| 11b
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| 12a |
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לַ֭יהוָה
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| 12b |
בָ֝עַמִּ֗ים
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| 13a
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| 13b |
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| 14a |
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| 14b |
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מִשֹּׂנְאָ֑י
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| 14c |
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מִשַּׁ֥עֲרֵי מָֽוֶת
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| 15a |
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| 15b |
בְּשַֽׁעֲרֵ֥י בַת־צִיּ֑וֹן
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| 15c |
בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ
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| 16a |
בְּשַׁ֣חַת
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| 16b |
בְּרֶֽשֶׁת
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| 17a |
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| 17b |
בְּפֹ֣עַל כַּ֭פָּיו
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| 18a |
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לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה
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| 18b |
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| 19a |
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לָ֭נֶצַח
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| 19b |
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לָעַֽד
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| 20a |
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| 20b |
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עַל־פָּנֶֽיךָ
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| 21a |
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| 21b |
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| 21c |
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- Parallelisms: ל//ל (vv.8ab, 10ab, 19ab); ב//ב (vv.9ab, 16ab); ל//ב (v.12ab); מ//מ (v.14bc)
- vv.5-8. Cluster of ל prepositions.
- vv.15-16. Cluster of בּ prepositions, בְּשַֽׁעֲרֵ֥י (v.15b), בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ (v.15c), בְּשַׁ֣חַת (v.16a), בְּרֶֽשֶׁת (v.16b); note repetition of בּ + שׁ sounds. This feature give cohesion to vv.15-16 (note also the cluster of feminine nouns) and smooths over the break between these strophes, forming an overlap structure (anadiplosis).
- vv.18-19. Cluster of ל prepositions, gives cohesion to this strophe (vv.18-19).
| 2a |
בְּכָל־לִבִּ֑י
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| 2b
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| 3a |
בָ֑ךְ
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| 3b |
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| 4a |
בְּשׁוּב־אוֹיְבַ֥י
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| 4b |
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מִפָּנֶֽיךָ
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| 5a |
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| 5b |
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לְ֝כִסֵּ֗א
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| 6a |
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| 6b |
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לְעוֹלָ֥ם
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| 7a |
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לָ֫נֶ֥צַח
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| 7b |
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| 7c |
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| 8a |
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לְעוֹלָ֣ם
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| 8b |
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לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט
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| 9a |
בְּצֶ֑דֶק
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| 9b |
בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים
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| 10a |
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לַדָּ֑ךְ
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| 10b |
בַּצָּרָֽה |
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לְעִתּ֥וֹת
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| 11a |
בְ֭ךָ
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| 11b
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| 12a |
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לַ֭יהוָה
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| 12b |
בָ֝עַמִּ֗ים
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| 13a
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| 13b |
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| 14a |
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| 14b |
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מִשֹּׂנְאָ֑י
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| 14c |
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מִשַּׁ֥עֲרֵי מָֽוֶת
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| 15a |
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| 15b |
בְּשַֽׁעֲרֵ֥י בַת־צִיּ֑וֹן
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| 15c |
בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ
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| 16a |
בְּשַׁ֣חַת
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| 16b |
בְּרֶֽשֶׁת
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| 17a |
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| 17b |
בְּפֹ֣עַל כַּ֭פָּיו
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| 18a |
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לִשְׁא֑וֹלָה
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| 18b |
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| 19a |
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לָ֭נֶצַח
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| 19b |
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לָעַֽד
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| 20a |
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| 20b |
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עַל־פָּנֶֽיךָ
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| 21a |
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| 21b |
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| 21c |
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- Parallelisms: ל//ל (vv.8ab, 10ab, 19ab); ב//ב (vv.9ab, 16ab); ל//ב (v.12ab); מ//מ (v.14bc)
- vv.5-8. Cluster of ל prepositions.
- vv.15-16. Cluster of בּ prepositions, בְּשַֽׁעֲרֵ֥י (v.15b), בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ (v.15c), בְּשַׁ֣חַת (v.16a), בְּרֶֽשֶׁת (v.16b); note repetition of בּ + שׁ sounds. This feature give cohesion to vv.15-16 (note also the cluster of feminine nouns) and smooths over the break between these strophes, forming an overlap structure (anadiplosis).
- vv.18-19. Cluster of ל prepositions, gives cohesion to this strophe (vv.18-19).
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Waw/Vav
Waw/Vav
The conjunction waw occurs 9x in this psalm, exclusively in the first half of the psalm (vv.2-11). This feature gives cohesion to vv.2-11, where waw occurs in every verse except the first (v.2), and to vv.12-21, where waw does not occur at all. In almost every case, waw creates continuity. In v.8a (ויהוה, disjunctive waw), the conjunction indicates a contrast (discontinuity) and signals the onset of a new stanza (vv.8-11), in which each verse (vv.8, 9, 10, 11) begins with waw (see acrostic structure).
Coordinating Words/Phrases within a Line
- v.3a: אֶשְׂמְחָ֣ה וְאֶעֶלְצָ֣ה
- v.4b: יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ וְ֝יֹאבְד֗וּ
- v.5a: מִשְׁפָּטִ֣י וְדִינִ֑י
- v.6b: לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד
Coordinating Lines
- v.7a --(waw + noun [וְעָרִ֥ים)--> v.7b
Coordinating Units (Bicola) within a Section
- v.8 --(waw + pronoun [וְה֗וּא)--> v.9
- v.9 --(waw + jussive [וִ֘יהִ֤י)--> v.10
- v.10 --(waw + yiqtol/jussive [וְיִבְטְח֣וּ)--> v.11
Coordinating Stanzas
- vv.4-7--(waw + noun = disjunctive waw [וַֽ֭יהוָה])--> vv.8-11
The conjunction waw occurs 9x in this psalm, exclusively in the first half of the psalm (vv.2-11). This feature gives cohesion to vv.2-11, where waw occurs in every verse except the first (v.2), and to vv.12-21, where waw does not occur at all. In almost every case, waw creates continuity. In v.8a (ויהוה, disjunctive waw), the conjunction indicates a contrast (discontinuity) and signals the onset of a new stanza (vv.8-11), in which each verse (vv.8, 9, 10, 11) begins with waw (see acrostic structure).
Coordinating Words/Phrases within a Line
- v.3a: אֶשְׂמְחָ֣ה וְאֶעֶלְצָ֣ה
- v.4b: יִכָּשְׁל֥וּ וְ֝יֹאבְד֗וּ
- v.5a: מִשְׁפָּטִ֣י וְדִינִ֑י
- v.6b: לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד
Coordinating Lines
- v.7a --(waw + noun [וְעָרִ֥ים)--> v.7b
Coordinating Units (Bicola) within a Section
- v.8 --(waw + pronoun [וְה֗וּא)--> v.9
- v.9 --(waw + jussive [וִ֘יהִ֤י)--> v.10
- v.10 --(waw + yiqtol/jussive [וְיִבְטְח֣וּ)--> v.11
Coordinating Stanzas
- vv.4-7--(waw + noun = disjunctive waw [וַֽ֭יהוָה])--> vv.8-11
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Other particles
Other particles
- v.5 (כִּי). Consequence (v.4) – action (v.5). David's enemies will turn, stumble, and perish (v.4), because Yahweh has enacted judgment (v.5). Gives cohesion to strophe (vv.4-5).
- v.11b (כִּי). Exhortation (v.11a) – reason (v.11b). They should trust in Yahweh (v.11a), because he has not forsaken those who seek him (v.11b). Gives cohesion to verse (v.11).
- v.13 (כִּי). Exhortation (v.12ab) – reason (v.13). Praise Yahweh (v.12ab), because he remembers (v.13a) and does not forget (v.13b) the lowly. Gives cohesion to strophe (vv.12-13).
- v.15 (לְמַעַן). Petition (v.14) – reason/purpose (v.15). Rescue me, so that I may praise you (v.15). Gives cohesion to strophe (vv.14-15).
- v.19 (כִּי). Consequence (v.4) – fact (v.5). The wicked will return to Sheol (v.18), because the poor will not remain abandoned (v.19). Gives cohesion to strophe (vv.18-19).
- v.5 (כִּי). Consequence (v.4) – action (v.5). David's enemies will turn, stumble, and perish (v.4), because Yahweh has enacted judgment (v.5). Gives cohesion to strophe (vv.4-5).
- v.11b (כִּי). Exhortation (v.11a) – reason (v.11b). They should trust in Yahweh (v.11a), because he has not forsaken those who seek him (v.11b). Gives cohesion to verse (v.11).
- v.13 (כִּי). Exhortation (v.12ab) – reason (v.13). Praise Yahweh (v.12ab), because he remembers (v.13a) and does not forget (v.13b) the lowly. Gives cohesion to strophe (vv.12-13).
- v.15 (לְמַעַן). Petition (v.14) – reason/purpose (v.15). Rescue me, so that I may praise you (v.15). Gives cohesion to strophe (vv.14-15).
- v.19 (כִּי). Consequence (v.4) – fact (v.5). The wicked will return to Sheol (v.18), because the poor will not remain abandoned (v.19). Gives cohesion to strophe (vv.18-19).
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Content vs non-content
Other
Other
- v.16b. The demonstrative זוּ is used "somewhat frequently in poetic language to introduce both dependent and independent relative clauses.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106D-QINU`"'
- v.16b. The demonstrative זוּ is used "somewhat frequently in poetic language to introduce both dependent and independent relative clauses.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106D-QINU`"'
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Bibliography
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