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Negative markers

Negative markers

Distribution

2a
2b
3a
3b
4a
4b
5a לֹא
5b לֹא
6a לֹא
6b
7a
7b
8a
8b
9a
9b
10a אֵין
10b
10c
10d
11a
11b
11c
11d
12a
12b
12c
12d
13a
13b

Clustering

  • vv.5-6

Connections

  • Both v.5a and v.10a are negated verbless clauses that begin with כִּי.

Structural Significance

  • Section 2.2 consists of the three negative statements (vv.5ab-6a) followed by three positive statements (vv.6b-7ab).
  • Negative markers play a role in defining the macrostructure of the psalm. Both v.5a and v.10a are negated verbless clauses that begin with כִּי. They open parallel subsections in the psalm (2.2 [vv.5-7] and 3.2 [vv.10-11] respectively).

Distribution

2a
2b
3a
3b
4a
4b
5a לֹא
5b לֹא
6a לֹא
6b
7a
7b
8a
8b
9a
9b
10a אֵין
10b
10c
10d
11a
11b
11c
11d
12a
12b
12c
12d
13a
13b

Clustering

  • vv.5-6

Connections

  • Both v.5a and v.10a are negated verbless clauses that begin with כִּי.

Structural Significance

  • Section 2.2 consists of the three negative statements (vv.5ab-6a) followed by three positive statements (vv.6b-7ab).
  • Negative markers play a role in defining the macrostructure of the psalm. Both v.5a and v.10a are negated verbless clauses that begin with כִּי. They open parallel subsections in the psalm (2.2 [vv.5-7] and 3.2 [vv.10-11] respectively).

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Independent personal pronouns

Independent personal pronouns

Distribution

2a
2b
3a
3b
4a
4b
5a אַתָּה
5b
6a
6b
7a
7b
8a וַאֲנִי
8b
9a
9b
10a
10b
10c
10d
11a
11b
11c
11d
12a
12b
12c
12d
13a אַתָּה
13b

Structural Significance

  • Anaphora: independent personal pronouns are found in the opening line of sections 2.2, 2.3, and 4.

Distribution

2a
2b
3a
3b
4a
4b
5a אַתָּה
5b
6a
6b
7a
7b
8a וַאֲנִי
8b
9a
9b
10a
10b
10c
10d
11a
11b
11c
11d
12a
12b
12c
12d
13a אַתָּה
13b

Structural Significance

  • Anaphora: independent personal pronouns are found in the opening line of sections 2.2, 2.3, and 4.

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Prepositions

Prepositions

Distribution

2a
2b
3a לְקוֹל
3b אֵלֶיךָ
4a לְךָ
4b
5a לְנֶגֶד לְנֶגֶד
5b
6a
6b
7a
7b
8a בְּרֹב
8b אֶל הֵיכַל קָדְשׁךָ בְּיִראָתֶךָ
9a בְצִדְקָתֶךָ
9b לְפָנַי
10a בְּפִיהוּ
10b
10c
10d
11a
11b מִמֹּעֲצוֹתֵיהֶם
11c בְּרֹב
11d בָךְ
12a בָךְ
12b לְעוֹלָם
12c עָלֵימוֹ
12d בְךָ
13a
13b כַּ֜צִּנָּ֗ה

Clustering

  • The preposition בְּ occurs 8 times in the psalm, clustering in vv.8-9 and vv.11-12.

Connections

  • The preposition בְּ occurs with a 2ms suffix in pausal form (בָךְ) at the end of consecutive lines (11d, 12a). This feature creates a strong contrast: while the wicked rebel against (בְּ) Yahweh, the righteous take refuge in (בְּ) him.
  • The preposition בְּ connects parallel lines at v.8ab (conjunctive) and v.12ad (disjunctive).

Distribution

2a
2b
3a לְקוֹל
3b אֵלֶיךָ
4a לְךָ
4b
5a לְנֶגֶד לְנֶגֶד
5b
6a
6b
7a
7b
8a בְּרֹב
8b אֶל הֵיכַל קָדְשׁךָ בְּיִראָתֶךָ
9a בְצִדְקָתֶךָ
9b לְפָנַי
10a בְּפִיהוּ
10b
10c
10d
11a
11b מִמֹּעֲצוֹתֵיהֶם
11c בְּרֹב
11d בָךְ
12a בָךְ
12b לְעוֹלָם
12c עָלֵימוֹ
12d בְךָ
13a
13b כַּ֜צִּנָּ֗ה

Clustering

  • The preposition בְּ occurs 8 times in the psalm, clustering in vv.8-9 and vv.11-12.

Connections

  • The preposition בְּ occurs with a 2ms suffix in pausal form (בָךְ) at the end of consecutive lines (11d, 12a). This feature creates a strong contrast: while the wicked rebel against (בְּ) Yahweh, the righteous take refuge in (בְּ) him.
  • The preposition בְּ connects parallel lines at v.8ab (conjunctive) and v.12ad (disjunctive).

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Waw/Vav

Waw/Vav

Coordinating Phrases

  • v.3a: nouns מַלְכִּ֥י וֵאלֹהָי
  • v.4b: verbs אֶעֱרָךְ־לְ֜ךָ וַאֲצַפֶּֽה
  • v.7b: nouns אִישׁ־דָּמִים וּמִרְמָה

Coordinating Lines

  • v.12b --(waw + yiqtol verb [וְתָסֵךְ])--> v.12c
  • v.12c --(waw + yiqtol verb [וְיַעְלְצוּ])--> v.12d

Coordinating Sections

  • Section 2.2 --(waw + pronoun [וַאֲנִי])--> Section 2.3
  • Section 3.2 --(waw + yiqtol verb [וְיִשְׂמְחוּ])--> Section 3.3

Coordinating Phrases

  • v.3a: nouns מַלְכִּ֥י וֵאלֹהָי
  • v.4b: verbs אֶעֱרָךְ־לְ֜ךָ וַאֲצַפֶּֽה
  • v.7b: nouns אִישׁ־דָּמִים וּמִרְמָה

Coordinating Lines

  • v.12b --(waw + yiqtol verb [וְתָסֵךְ])--> v.12c
  • v.12c --(waw + yiqtol verb [וְיַעְלְצוּ])--> v.12d

Coordinating Sections

  • Section 2.2 --(waw + pronoun [וַאֲנִי])--> Section 2.3
  • Section 3.2 --(waw + yiqtol verb [וְיִשְׂמְחוּ])--> Section 3.3

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Other particles

Other particles

2a
2b
3a
3b כִּי
4a
4b
5a כִּי
5b
6a
6b
7a
7b
8a
8b
9a לְמַעַן
9b
10a כִּי
10b
10c
10d
11a
11b
11c
11d כִּי
12a
12b
12c
12d
13a כִּי
13b

כִּי

  • v.3b, כִּֽי־אֵלֶ֗יךָ אֶתְפַּלָּל
    • connects v.3b to v.3a and perhaps also to v.2
    • introduces reason why Yahweh should listen: "because I am praying to you" (constituent focus)
  • v.5a, כִּ֤י לֹא אֵל־חָפֵץ רֶשַׁע אָתָּה
    • connects vv.5-7 (section 2.2.) to v.4 (section 2.1)
    • introduces grounds for the confident profession in v.4
  • v.10a, כִּ֤י אֵין בְּפִיהוּ נְכוֹנָה
    • connects vv.10-11 (section 3.2.) to v.9 (section 3.1)
    • introduces reason for the petition in v.9 and further describes שׁוֹרְרַי (v.9a)
  • v.11d, כִּי־מָרוּ בָךְ
    • connects v.11d to v.11abc
    • introduces grounds for petitions in v.11abc
  • v.13a, כִּֽי־אַתָּה תְּבָרֵךְ צַדִּ֥יק
    • introduces conclusion to the psalm (cf. Ps. 1:6)

לְמַעַן

  • v.9a, לְמַעַן שׁוֹרְרָי
2a
2b
3a
3b כִּי
4a
4b
5a כִּי
5b
6a
6b
7a
7b
8a
8b
9a לְמַעַן
9b
10a כִּי
10b
10c
10d
11a
11b
11c
11d כִּי
12a
12b
12c
12d
13a כִּי
13b

כִּי

  • v.3b, כִּֽי־אֵלֶ֗יךָ אֶתְפַּלָּל
    • connects v.3b to v.3a and perhaps also to v.2
    • introduces reason why Yahweh should listen: "because I am praying to you" (constituent focus)
  • v.5a, כִּ֤י לֹא אֵל־חָפֵץ רֶשַׁע אָתָּה
    • connects vv.5-7 (section 2.2.) to v.4 (section 2.1)
    • introduces grounds for the confident profession in v.4
  • v.10a, כִּ֤י אֵין בְּפִיהוּ נְכוֹנָה
    • connects vv.10-11 (section 3.2.) to v.9 (section 3.1)
    • introduces reason for the petition in v.9 and further describes שׁוֹרְרַי (v.9a)
  • v.11d, כִּי־מָרוּ בָךְ
    • connects v.11d to v.11abc
    • introduces grounds for petitions in v.11abc
  • v.13a, כִּֽי־אַתָּה תְּבָרֵךְ צַדִּ֥יק
    • introduces conclusion to the psalm (cf. Ps. 1:6)

לְמַעַן

  • v.9a, לְמַעַן שׁוֹרְרָי

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Content vs non-content

Content vs non-content

There are four sections in the psalm. Section 1 (vv.2-3) is an introduction, and Section 4 (v.13) is a conclusion. Section 2 (vv.4-8) and Section 3 (vv.9-12) form the body of the psalm. These two middle sections exhibit parallelism at the macro-level (ABC // A'B'C'). Function words (כִּי, לֹא/אֵין, וְ) are used to support and clarify this parallel structure, as summarized in the following table.

Section 2 (vv.4-8) Section 3 (vv.9-12)
Profession/Petition (line initial vocative) 2.1 (v.4), ...יהוה 3.1 (v.9), ...יהוה
Grounds (כִּי + neg. + verbless clause) 2.2 (vv.5-7), ...כִּי לֹא 3.2 (vv.10-11), ...כִּי אֵין
Contrast (line initial waw) 2.3 (v.8), וַאֲנִי 3.3 (v.12), וְיִשְׂמְחוּ

There are four sections in the psalm. Section 1 (vv.2-3) is an introduction, and Section 4 (v.13) is a conclusion. Section 2 (vv.4-8) and Section 3 (vv.9-12) form the body of the psalm. These two middle sections exhibit parallelism at the macro-level (ABC // A'B'C'). Function words (כִּי, לֹא/אֵין, וְ) are used to support and clarify this parallel structure, as summarized in the following table.

Section 2 (vv.4-8) Section 3 (vv.9-12)
Profession/Petition (line initial vocative) 2.1 (v.4), ...יהוה 3.1 (v.9), ...יהוה
Grounds (כִּי + neg. + verbless clause) 2.2 (vv.5-7), ...כִּי לֹא 3.2 (vv.10-11), ...כִּי אֵין
Contrast (line initial waw) 2.3 (v.8), וַאֲנִי 3.3 (v.12), וְיִשְׂמְחוּ

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Other

Bibliography

Include here any bibliography you find particularly helpful for this Psalm. If you drag and drop from Zotero, formatted for Wikipedia Citation, then it will be fully searchable. --> Click to edit for chapter 5: Phonology / Lexical Semantics / Verbs / Nouns / Particles / Figurative / Context / Mathematical / Variants / Summary


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