Psalm 9/Nouns
Nouns
Number
| Definition Feature being studied | Occurrences Sections where this feature is present or absent | Clustering | Intersection | Connections | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plural | כָּל־נִפְלְאוֹתֶֽיךָ (v.2b), אוֹיְבַ֥י (v.4a), מִפָּנֶֽיךָ (v.4b), ג֭וֹיִם (v.6a), חֳרָב֗וֹת (v.7a), וְעָרִ֥ים (v.7b), לְ֝אֻמִּ֗ים (v.9b), בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים (v.9b), לְעִתּ֥וֹת (v.10b), יוֹדְעֵ֣י (v.11a), דֹרְשֶׁ֣יךָ (v.11b), בָ֝עַמִּ֗ים (v.12b), עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיו (v.12b), דָּ֭מִים (v.13a), עניים (v.13b), מִשֹּׂנְאָ֑י (v.14b), מִשַּׁ֥עֲרֵי (v.14c), כָּֽל־תְּהִלָּ֫תֶ֥יךָ (v.15a), בְּשַֽׁעֲרֵ֥י (v.15b), ג֭וֹיִם (v.16a), כַּ֭פָּיו (v.17b), רְשָׁעִ֣ים (v.18a), גּ֝וֹיִ֗ם (v.18b), שְׁכֵחֵ֥י אֱלֹהִֽים (v.18b), ענוים (v.19b), ג֝וֹיִ֗ם (v.20b), פָּנֶֽיךָ (v.20b), גוֹיִ֑ם (v.21b) |
,
Gender
| Definition Feature being studied | Occurrences Sections where this feature is present or absent | Clustering | Intersection | Connections | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| feminine | נִפְלְאוֹתֶֽיךָ (v.2b), חֳרָב֗וֹת (v.7a), וְעָרִ֥ים (v.7b), תֵּבֵ֥ל (v.9a), לְעִתּ֥וֹת בַּצָּרָֽה (v.10b), עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיו (v.12b), צַעֲקַ֥ת (v.13b), תְּהִלָּ֫תֶ֥יךָ (v.15a), בַת (v.15b), בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ (v.15c), בְּשַׁ֣חַת (v.16a), בְּרֶֽשֶׁת (v.16b), רַגְלָֽם (v.16b), כַּ֭פָּיו (v.17b), תִּקְוַ֥ת (v.19b) | vv.15-16 |
,
Definiteness
| Definition Feature being studied | Occurrences Sections where this feature is present or absent | Clustering | Intersection | Connections | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proper names | יהוה (vv.2a, 8a, 10a, 11b, 12a, 14a, 17a, 20a, 21a), עֶלְיוֹן (v.3b), תֵּבֵל (v.9a), צִיּוֹן (vv.12a, 15b) | ||||
| Definite ה | הָֽאוֹיֵ֨ב (v.7a) | ||||
| Determined nouns | הָֽאוֹיֵ֨ב (v.7a), לַמִּשְׁפָּ֣ט (v.8b), לַדָּ֑ךְ (v.10a), בַּצָּרָֽה (v.10b), בָ֝עַמִּ֗ים (v.12b) |
,
Pronominal suffixes
| Definition Feature being studied | Occurrences Sections where this feature is present or absent | Clustering | Intersection | Connections | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3mp | שְׁמָ֥ם (v.6b), זִכְרָ֣ם (v.7c), אוֹתָ֣ם (v.13a), רַגְלָֽם (v.16b), לָ֫הֶ֥ם (v.21a) | vv.6-7 | gives cohesion to bicola/tricola (vv.6, 7, 16) and the final strophe (vv.20-21); gives cohesion to vv.6-7; creates suspense in v.13, where the referent of אותם (v.13a) is not revealed until the next line (v.13b) | ||
| 3ms | כִּסְאֽוֹ (v.8b), עֲלִֽילוֹתָֽיו (v.12b), כַּ֭פָּיו (v.17b) | gives cohesion to bicola, occurring each time in the b-line with "Yahweh" as the antecedent in the a-line | |||
| 2ms | נִפְלְאוֹתֶֽיךָ (v.2b), בָ֑ךְ (v.3a), שִׁמְךָ֣ (v.3b), מִפָּנֶֽיךָ (v.4b), בְ֭ךָ (v.11b), שְׁמֶ֑ךָ (v.11b), דֹרְשֶׁ֣יךָ (v.11b), תְּהִלָּ֫תֶ֥יךָ (v.15a), בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ (v.15c), פָּנֶֽיךָ (v.20b) | vv.2-4, 11b, 15 | beginning (vv.2-4) and ending (v.11b) of first half of psalm (vv.2-11) | the connection formed by this feature (vv.2-4 – v.11b) is strengthened by lexical repetition (שִׁמְךָ, בָךְ/בְךָ); strengthens connection between vv.2-3 and vv.12-15 | Inclusio, gives cohesion to vv.2-11 |
| 1cs | לִבִּ֑י (v.2a), אוֹיְבַ֥י (v.4a), מִשְׁפָּטִ֣י וְדִינִ֑י (v.5a), עָ֭נְיִי מִשֹּׂנְאָ֑י (v.14b), מְ֝רוֹמְמִ֗י (v.14c) | vv.2-5, 14 | beginning of first strophe (vv.2-3), beginning of second strophe (vv.4-5), beginning of seventh strophe (vv.14-15) | strengthens connection between vv.2-3 and vv.12-15 | anaphora (vv.2a, 4a, 14ab) |
vv.4-5. "Strophe 2 introduces the enemy, but also links up with the first by means of three I-morphemes. These representations of the speaker only occur again in strophe 7, and then disappear completely: the lyrical I disappears from the text fairly soon."[1]
v.7c. "The masculine suffixes can have cities as their antecedent. Here the Psalmist establishes a strong contrast between the cities of the enemy whose memory itself will fade and the Lord who reigns forever."[2]
v.15c. בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ – "The plural suffix is sometimes found... even with the ordinary feminine ending ath (Isa. 47:13; Ezek. 35:11; Ps. 19:15; Ezra 9:15)."[3] The motivation here (בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ) may be phonological: תְּהִלָּ֫תֶ֥יךָ // בִּישׁוּעָתֶֽךָ (similar endings in this ABA' tricolon).
This feature is considered relevant for this psalm.,
Suffixes as objects
| Definition Feature being studied | Occurrences Sections where this feature is present or absent | Clustering | Intersection | Connections | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1cs | חָֽנְנֵ֬נִי (v.14a) |
,
Addressee change
See below.
This feature is considered relevant for this psalm.,
Subject change
| Ref. | Speaker | Addressee | Person | Subject/Agent | Object/Undergoer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2a | David | Yahweh | 1 | David | Yahweh |
| 2b | David | Yahweh | 1 | David | Yahweh's wonders |
| 3a | David | Yahweh | 1 | David | David |
| 3b | David | Yahweh | 1 | David | Yahweh's name |
| 4a | David | Yahweh | 3 | enemies | enemies |
| 4b | David | Yahweh | 3 | enemies | enemies |
| 5a | David | Yahweh | 2 | Yahweh | David's judgment |
| 5b | David | Yahweh | 2 | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 6a | David | Yahweh | 2 | Yahweh | nations |
| 6b | David | Yahweh | 2 | Yahweh | the wicked's name |
| 7a | David | Yahweh | 3 | the enemy's ruins | the enemy's ruins |
| 7b | David | Yahweh | 2 | Yahweh | the enemy's cities |
| 7c | David | Yahweh | 3 | memory of the enemy's cities | memory of the enemy's cities |
| 8a | David | Yahweh | 3 | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 8b | David | Yahweh | 3 | Yahweh | Yahweh's throne |
| 9a | David | Yahweh | 3 | Yahweh | the world |
| 9b | David | Yahweh | 3 | Yahweh | peoples |
| 10a | David | Yahweh | 3 | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 10b | David | Yahweh | 3 | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 11a | David | Yahweh | 3 | those who know Yahweh's name | those who know Yahweh's name |
| 11b | David | Yahweh | 2 | Yahweh | those who seek Yahweh |
| 12a | David | Audience | 2 | Audience | Yahweh |
| 12b | David | Audience | 2 | Audience | Yahweh's doings |
| 13a | David | Audience | 3 | Yahweh | lowly |
| 13b | David | Audience | 3 | Yahweh | cry of the lowly |
| 14a | David | Yahweh | 2 | Yahweh | David |
| 14b | David | Yahweh | 2 | Yahweh | David's lowliness |
| 14c | David | Yahweh | 2 | Yahweh | David |
| 15ab | David | Yahweh | 1 | David | Yahweh's praises |
| 15c | David | Yahweh | 1 | David | David |
| 16a | David | Yahweh | 3 | nations | nations |
| 16b | David | Yahweh | 3 | nations' foot | nations' foot |
| 17a | David | Yahweh | 3 | Yahweh | Yahweh |
| 17b | David | Yahweh | 3 | the wicked | the wicked |
| 18a | David | Yahweh | 3 | the wicked | the wicked |
| 18b | David | Yahweh | 3 | nations | nations |
| 19a | David | Yahweh | 3 | poor | poor |
| 19b | David | Yahweh | 3 | the lowly's hope | the lowly's hope |
| 20a | David | Yahweh | 2/3 | Yahweh/man | Yahweh/man |
| 20b | David | Yahweh | 3 | nations | nations |
| 21a | David | Yahweh | 2 | Yahweh | terror for the nations |
| 21bc | David | Yahweh | 3 | nations | nations |
"The poem as a whole is based on the relationships within a triangle. The corners are occupied by three parties: the lyrical I, God, and the enemies. The terms denoting people, however (i.e., I and the enemies), in a certain sense count double. The 'I' is only present in strophes 1-2 and 7, and is replaced by 'the poor', 'the needy', the 'oppressed', both singular and plural... If we want to understand what actually happens in these lyrics, and if we want to fathom their inner structure, we should take into account two identifications: I/the poor and my enemies/the peoples."[4]
This feature is considered relevant for this psalm.
- ↑ J.P. Fokkelman, Major Poems of the Hebrew Bible: At the Interface of Prosody and Structural Analysis, Vol. 2 (Assen: Van Gorcum, 2000), 74.
- ↑ Dominique Barthélemy, Critique textuelle de l’Ancien Testament: Tome 4. Psaumes, https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-150304
- ↑ GKC, 91l.
- ↑ J.P. Fokkelman, Major Poems of the Hebrew Bible: At the Interface of Prosody and Structural Analysis, Vol. 2 (Assen: Van Gorcum, 2000), 76-77.