Psalm 89/Diagrams/Placeholders/23

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v. 23 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 23]
    Fragment
      ClauseCluster
        Clause
          Subject
            noun: אוֹיֵב enemy
          Predicate
            verb: יַשִּׁא will exact tribute
            Adverbial 
              adverb: לֹא not
            Adverbial
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: בּ from
                Object
                  suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
        Conjunction
          conjunction: וּ and
        Clause
          Subject
            ConstructChain <gloss="unjust person">
              noun: בֶן son
              noun: עַוְלָה injustice
          Predicate
            verb: יְעַנּ will afflict
            Object
              suffix-pronoun: ֶנּוּ him
            Adverbial 
              adverb: לֹא not


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit [v. 23]
    Fragment
      ClauseCluster
        Clause
          Subject
            noun: אוֹיֵב enemy
          Predicate
            verb: יַשִּׁא will exact tribute
            Adverbial 
              adverb: לֹא not
            Adverbial
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: בּ from
                Object
                  suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
        Conjunction
          conjunction: וּ and
        Clause
          Subject
            ConstructChain <gloss="unjust person">
              noun: בֶן son
              noun: עַוְלָה injustice
          Predicate
            verb: יְעַנּ will afflict
            Object
              suffix-pronoun: ֶנּוּ him
            Adverbial 
              adverb: לֹא not

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-23-None }}

Grammar Notes

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Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 23

  • Translations disagree on the meaning of יַשִּׁא. E.g.,
  1. "The enemy shall not outwit him" (ESV)
  2. "No enemy will be able to exact tribute from him" (NET)
  • According to the ESV, יַשִּׁא means "outwit" or "deceive" (so Symmachus: ἐξαπατήσει; Jerome [iuxta Hebr.]: decipiet; see e.g., Ob 7).
  • According to the NET, יַשִּׁא is a different, identically sounding verb, that means "to act as a creditor" (so BDB: "an enemy shall not act the creditor against him, make exactions of him").
  • The NET interpretation makes the most sense in the context (cf. the parallel line: "oppress," cf. Exod 1:11; 2 Kgs 17:20) and works the best with the bet preposition (see e.g., Deut 15:2—אֲשֶׁר יַשֶּׁה בְּרֵעֵהוּ; Deut 24:10—כִּֽי־תַשֶּׁ֥ה בְרֵֽעֲךָ מַשַּׁ֣את מְא֑וּמָה; cf. Isa 24:2 [נֹשֶׁא בֹו]; Neh 5:7 [מַשָּׁ֥א אִישׁ־בְּאָחִ֖יו אַתֶּ֣ם נֹשִׁ֑אים]). By contrast, the verb "deceive" takes a direct object (e.g., 2 Chr 32:1) or a lamed preposition (e.g., 2 Kgs 18:28). Cf. LXX: "an enemy shall not profit (ὠφελήσει) by him" (LXX trans. NETS).
  • A potential problem with our view is that the other uses of נשׁה + ב in the hiphil (Deut 15:2; 24:10) are trivalent constructions, having a subject (the lender), a bet preposition (the borrower), and a direct object (the loan), whereas the construction in Ps 89:23 is bivalent, having only the subject and the bet preposition. But in the qal stem, the verb נשׁה can be either trivalent (Neh 5:7) or bivalent (Deut 24:11). It is plausible that the same is true of the hiphil.
  • Verse 23b alludes to the promise in 2 Sam 7:10—וְלֹֽא־יֹסִ֤יפוּ בְנֵֽי־עַוְלָה֙ לְעַנֹּותֹ֔ו כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בָּרִאשֹׁונָֽה

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 23

  • The phrase "unjust person" is, literally, "son of injustice" or "son of wickedness" (NASB, cf. ELB). This is a common Hebrew idiom. In Hebrew, the word "son" is often "followed by [a] word of quality, characteristic, etc." (BDB) to describe a particular kind of person. A "son of injustice" is a person characterized by injustice, i.e., "an unjust person" (cf. the phrase בְנֵי־עַוְלָה in 2 Sam 3:34; 7:10; Hos 10:9).


Note for v. 23

  • On the meaning of the bet preposition in the clause יַשִּׁא בוֹ, see note on lexical semantics.

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