Psalm 89/Diagrams/Placeholders/18

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v. 18 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 18]
      Fragment
        particle: כִּי for
      Fragment
        ClauseCluster
          Clause
            Subject
              pronoun: אָתָּה you
            Predicate
              verb: are
              Complement
                ConstructChain <gloss="the glory of their strength >> the strength in which they glory">
                  noun: תִפְאֶרֶת glory
                  noun: עֻזָּ strength
                  suffix-pronoun: מוֹ them
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וּ and
          Clause
            Subject
              ConstructChain <gloss="our horn">
                noun: קַרְנֵ horn
                suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
            Predicate
              verb: תָּרוּם will be exalted
              verb: תָּרִים you will exalt <status="alternative revocalization">
              Adverbial
                PrepositionalPhrase
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בִ because of
                  Object
                    ConstructChain <gloss="your favor">
                      noun: רְצֹנְ favor
                      suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
              Object <status="alternative">
                ConstructChain
                  noun: קַרְנֵ horn
                  suffix-pronoun: נוּ us


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit [v. 18]
      Fragment
        particle: כִּי for
      Fragment
        ClauseCluster
          Clause
            Subject
              pronoun: אָתָּה you
            Predicate
              verb: are
              Complement
                ConstructChain <gloss="the glory of their strength >> the strength in which they glory">
                  noun: תִפְאֶרֶת glory
                  noun: עֻזָּ strength
                  suffix-pronoun: מוֹ them
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וּ and
          Clause
            Subject
              ConstructChain <gloss="our horn">
                noun: קַרְנֵ horn
                suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
            Predicate
              verb: תָּרוּם will be exalted
              verb: תָּרִים you will exalt <status="alternative revocalization">
              Adverbial
                PrepositionalPhrase
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בִ because of
                  Object
                    ConstructChain <gloss="your favor">
                      noun: רְצֹנְ favor
                      suffix-pronoun: ךָ you
              Object <status="alternative">
                ConstructChain
                  noun: קַרְנֵ horn
                  suffix-pronoun: נוּ us

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=89|DiagramID=v-18-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 18

  • There is a ketiv-qere issue in the MT of v. 18. The ketiv ("what is written," i.e., the consonantal text) reads תרים (hiphil, תָּרִים), but the qere ("what is read," i.e., the vowels) reads תָּרוּם (qal). Some translations follow the ketiv: "you exalt our horn" (NIV; so Jerome: elevabis cornu nostrum). Others follow the qere: "our horn is exalted" (ESV, cf. KJV, CSB, CEV, NET; so LXX: ὑψωθήσεται τὸ κέρας ἡμῶν). The qere has the earliest attestation (LXX) and makes for a good parallel with the b-line of the previous clause: "in your righteousness they rise... // in your favor our horn rises." The qere reading also appears in some Hebrew manuscripts outside of the Tiberian tradition (e.g., JTS 631, BL Or 1477).

Lexical Notes

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Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 18

  • In the construct chain תִפְאֶרֶת עֻזָּמֹו, literally, "the glory/beauty of their strength" (ESV, NRSV, cf. CEB), it is difficult to determine how the two nouns "glory/beauty" and "strength" are related semantically. The NIV simply coordinates the two nouns: "You are their glory and strength" (NIV; cf. Ps 96:6—עֹז וְתִפְאֶרֶת). The NLT thinks that the first noun "glory" specifies the characteristic of the second noun "strength": "their glorious strength" (cf. CSB). But, in construct chains, it is more typical for the second noun to specify some characteristic of the first (e.g., הַר קָדְשִׁי in Ps 2:6). Thus, it is plausible that the second noun "strength" would characterizes the first noun "glory": "their strong glory" (cf. Symmachus: "their unconquerable glory" [ἀγλάϊσμα ἀήττητον αὐτῶν]; cf. Isa 13:9—תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת גְּאֹ֣ון כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים "the proud glory of the Chaldaeans" [HALOT]). This interpretation might make sense if "glory" (תִּפְאֶרֶת) is understood as "object of glory, pride, boasting" (so DCH). Thus, it would mean "the strong object of their glory >> the strong one in which they glory." Slightly differently, DCH suggests that it means "the strength in which they glory" (so also Hupfeld 1860, 473). Radak seems to hold a similar view: "They had no strength (עוז) except with you, and it was in your strength that they gloried/boasted (מתפארים) over the nations" (cf. Judg 7:2).


Note for v. 18

  • The bet preposition in the phrase וּבִרְצֹנְךָ is causal: "because of your favor" (Jenni 1992, rubric 1685; cf. notes on vv. 13, 17).

Verbal Notes

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Textual Notes

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