Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/9
v. 9 - Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 9]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="Ephraimites">
noun: בְּנֵי people
noun: אֶפְרַיִם Ephraim
Adjectival
Nominal
Apposition
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
verb-participle: נוֹשְׁקֵי armed
noun: קָשֶׁת a bow <status="elided">
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="archers">
Nominal
verb-participle: רוֹמֵי shooters
noun: קָשֶׁת a bow
Predicate
verb: הָפְכוּ turned back
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ on
Object
ConstructChain
noun: יוֹם day
noun: קְרָב battle
Adverbial <status="alternative">
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
verb-participle: נוֹשְׁקֵי armed
noun: קָשֶׁת a bow <status="elided">
Conjunction
conjunction:
ConstructChain
Nominal
verb-participle: רוֹמֵי shooters
noun: קָשֶׁת a bow
Adverbial <status="alternative">
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
verb-participle: נוֹשְׁקֵי armed
ConstructChain
Nominal
verb-participle: רוֹמֵי shooters
noun: קָשֶׁת a bow
DiscourseUnit [v. 9]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="Ephraimites">
noun: בְּנֵי people
noun: אֶפְרַיִם Ephraim
Adjectival
Nominal
Apposition
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
verb-participle: נוֹשְׁקֵי armed
noun: קָשֶׁת a bow <status="elided">
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="archers">
Nominal
verb-participle: רוֹמֵי shooters
noun: קָשֶׁת a bow
Predicate
verb: הָפְכוּ turned back
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ on
Object
ConstructChain
noun: יוֹם day
noun: קְרָב battle
Adverbial <status="alternative">
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
verb-participle: נוֹשְׁקֵי armed
noun: קָשֶׁת a bow <status="elided">
Conjunction
conjunction:
ConstructChain
Nominal
verb-participle: רוֹמֵי shooters
noun: קָשֶׁת a bow
Adverbial <status="alternative">
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
verb-participle: נוֹשְׁקֵי armed
ConstructChain
Nominal
verb-participle: רוֹמֵי shooters
noun: קָשֶׁת a bow
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-9-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 9
For the elided קֶשֶׁת after נשׁק, see the collocation in 1 Chr 12:2 and 2 Chr 17:17. As an entire construction, however, the first constituent, נוֹשְׁקֵ֥י, is in semantic apposition to the two following, רוֹמֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת (GKC §130e), to read "those armed of those shooters of a bow" → "those armed [with a bow], those shooting [with] a bow" (cf. Delitzsch 1871, 365).
Note for V. 9
Rather than modifying the subject, the phrase(s) נוֹשְׁקֵ֥י רוֹמֵי־קָ֑שֶׁת could also be understood as adverbial, though this is unlikely in light of the ancient versions and the Masoretic accents.
Lexical Notes
No Lexical notes to display for this diagram.
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 9
v. 9 – According to our preferred grammatical interpretation of this verse, the entity-name, בְּֽנֵי־אֶפְרַ֗יִם, are further described as armed [with a bow] and shooters of the bow, both instances of verbal notion-object. (For the elision of "bow" in the first instance, see the grammar notes.) Finally, the בְּֽנֵי־אֶפְרַ֗יִם are said to turn back in (בְּ as a temporal frame) a day of battle, i.e., a day marked by battle (entity-characteristic). Note that the definite reading of the construct phrase בְּי֣וֹם קְרָֽב as "the day of battle" is not licensed by the grammar or the parallel passages of Zech 14:3 and Job 38:23, both of which can be read as general characteristics of the day, rather than a specific battle (notwithstanding the TgPs's interpretive expansion here, which concludes with ביום סידרי קרבא "in the day of the battle lines"). This grammatical construal is not surprising, given that there is no agreement regarding the referent of the battle in question in the literature (though the lexical connections to v. 57 might indicate that the fall of Shiloh is in view).
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.
Note for v. 9
On the participle נוֹשְׁקֵי, its aspect and collocation, see the grammar and lexical notes.
Note for v. 9
As discussed in the grammar and phrase-level notes, the construct chain רוֹמֵי־קָשֶׁת adjectivally describes this group of Ephraimites and their characteristic actions.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes to display for this diagram.
Add Exegetical Note