Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/67-70
vv. 67-70 - Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 67-70]
Fragment
particle: וַ But
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּמְאַס he rejected
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ
Object
ConstructChain
noun: אֹהֶל tent
noun: יוֹסֵף Joseph
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: בָחָר he chose
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ
Object
ConstructChain
noun: שֵׁבֶט clan
noun: אֶפְרַיִם Ephraim
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּבְחַר he chose
Object
Apposition
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
particle: אֶת d.o.m
noun: שֵׁבֶט clan
noun: יְהוּדָה Judah
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
particle: אֶת d.o.m
noun: הַר Mount
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: אֲשֶׁר which
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָהֵב he loves
Object <located="relative clause head">
noun: צִיּוֹן Zion
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּבֶן he built
Object
Nominal <gloss="his holy place">
ConstructChain
noun: מִקְדָּשׁ holy place
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּמוֹ like
Object
noun: רָמִים heights >> heaven
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּמוֹ as
Object
noun: רֵמִים wild oxen <status="revocalization">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like
Object
noun: אֶרֶץ earth
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: which
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְסָד he established
Object <located="relative clause head">
suffix-pronoun: ָהּ it
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
noun: עוֹלָם eternity >> ever
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in <status="emendation">
Object
noun: אֶרֶץ land
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: which
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְסָד he established
Object <located="relative clause head">
suffix-pronoun: ָהּ it
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
noun: עוֹלָם eternity >> ever
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּבְחַר he chose
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ
Object
Apposition
noun: דָוִד David
ConstructChain <gloss="his servant">
noun: עַבְדּ servant
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּקָּחֵ he took
Object
suffix-pronoun: הוּ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="a sheep pen">
noun: מִּכְלְאֹת enclosure
noun: צֹאן sheep
DiscourseUnit [vv. 67-70]
Fragment
particle: וַ But
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּמְאַס he rejected
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ
Object
ConstructChain
noun: אֹהֶל tent
noun: יוֹסֵף Joseph
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: בָחָר he chose
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ
Object
ConstructChain
noun: שֵׁבֶט clan
noun: אֶפְרַיִם Ephraim
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּבְחַר he chose
Object
Apposition
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
particle: אֶת d.o.m
noun: שֵׁבֶט clan
noun: יְהוּדָה Judah
Nominal
ConstructChain
Nominal
particle: אֶת d.o.m
noun: הַר Mount
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: אֲשֶׁר which
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָהֵב he loves
Object <located="relative clause head">
noun: צִיּוֹן Zion
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּבֶן he built
Object
Nominal <gloss="his holy place">
ConstructChain
noun: מִקְדָּשׁ holy place
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּמוֹ like
Object
noun: רָמִים heights >> heaven
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּמוֹ as
Object
noun: רֵמִים wild oxen <status="revocalization">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְּ like
Object
noun: אֶרֶץ earth
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: which
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְסָד he established
Object <located="relative clause head">
suffix-pronoun: ָהּ it
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
noun: עוֹלָם eternity >> ever
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in <status="emendation">
Object
noun: אֶרֶץ land
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: which
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְסָד he established
Object <located="relative clause head">
suffix-pronoun: ָהּ it
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
noun: עוֹלָם eternity >> ever
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּבְחַר he chose
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ
Object
Apposition
noun: דָוִד David
ConstructChain <gloss="his servant">
noun: עַבְדּ servant
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּקָּחֵ he took
Object
suffix-pronoun: הוּ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="a sheep pen">
noun: מִּכְלְאֹת enclosure
noun: צֹאן sheep
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-67-70-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for v. 68
v. 68 – On the appositives אֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט יְהוּדָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֥ר צִ֝יּ֗וֹן, see Fassberg (2019, §122).
Note for v. 69
The syntax of the LXX, Syr., and Jerome's Hebr. does not contain the preferred asyndetic relative clause, which renders the antecedent of the suffix on יְסָדָ֥הּ difficult to discern (Jerome's Hebr., e.g., provides illud, in agreement with sanctuarium suum, though the MT's 3fs agrees with אֶרֶץ, not מִקְדָּשׁ).
Note for v. 69
For the alternative emendation בְּאֶרֶץ for the MT's כְּ֝אֶ֗רֶץ, see the LXX and Syr.,[1] though Jerome's Hebr., Symmachus and TgPs follow the MT.[2] Kennicott lists six manuscripts which read בארץ (VTH, vol 4, 376), though de-Rossi adds a significant number (Variae Lectiones, vol 4, 54). BL Or 1477 also unambiguously reads vaˀārāts, both with ב and the definite article. The comparative כְּ seems preferable in light of the A-line (cf. also v. 72, in which two instances of בְּ has been deemed preferable).
Note for v. 69a
v. 69a – For the alternative revocalization רֵמִים for the MT's וַיִּ֣בֶן כְּמוֹ־רָ֭מִים מִקְדָּשׁ֑וֹ, see the LXX (= Gall.), Hebr. "like a wild ox" and TgPs' "like the horn of a wild ox" (ὡς μονοκερώτων; similitudinem monoceroton; היך קרנא דרימנא;). The Syr. and both Aquila and Symmachus, however, read the expected "high place" (ܒܢܐ ܥܠ ܪܘܡܐ ܡܩܕܫܗ; ὁμοίως ὑψηλοῖς; ὡς τὰ ὑψηλὰ), as the MT. The orthographic inclusion of the aleph, which is expected of רֵמִים/רְאֵמִים (cf. Pss 29:6; 92:11) but not רָמִים, is found in Kennicott manuscripts 121?, 128 (see VTH, vol 4, 376).
Note for v. 69b
v. 69b – For the alternative emendation בְּאֶרֶץ for the MT's כְּ֝אֶ֗רֶץ, see the LXX and Syr. (ἐν τῇ γῇ; ܒܐܪܥܐ), though Jerome's Hebr., Symmachus and TgPs follow the MT (quasi terram; ὡς τὴν γῆν; היך ארעא). Kennicott lists six manuscripts which read בארץ (VTH, vol 4, 376), though de-Rossi adds a significant number (Variae Lectiones, vol 4, 54). BL Or 1477 also unambiguously reads בארץ. The comparative כְּ seems preferable in light of the A-line (cf. also v. 72, in which two instances of בְּ has been deemed preferable).
Lexical Notes
Note for v. 67
v. 67a – For the בְּ–flagging of the stimulus argument with מאס, see the note at v. 59 and further discussion in the phrase-level notes.
Note for vv. 67-70
v. 67b, 70a – For the בְּ–flagging of the patient argument with בחר, see also Num 16:5; 17:20; Deut 4:37; 7:7; 10:15; 12:11; 14:15; Ps 105:26; 132:13; Prov 3:31; Neh 9:7, etc. See further the phrase-level notes.
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 67
v. 67 – The "tent of Joseph" is unique in the Bible and refers either (1) simply to its dwelling place—as synonymous with Ephraim (see, e.g., 2 Sam 19:21; 1 Kgs 11:28; Ezek 37:16; Zech 10:6) and used previously in vv. 51, 55 (so argues Kugler 2020, 129); or (2), our preference, the tabernacle at Shiloh. The latter fits with the previous discourse (vv. 60-64; cf. also v. 9), since Shiloh belonged geographically to Ephraim/Joseph and the tabernacle there was described as the "tent of meeting" (Josh 18:1; 19:51; 1 Sam 2:22) and explicitly "tent" in v. 60 of our psalm. As Campbell notes, "It is the Israel of Shiloh that is rejected, and it is the Israel of Davidic Jerusalem upon which Yahweh's election has been conferred" (1979, 61).
Note for vv. 67-70
vv. 67-68, 70 – v. 67's second line reads וּֽבְשֵׁ֥בֶט אֶ֝פְרַ֗יִם לֹ֣א בָחָֽר, immediately followed by וַ֭יִּבְחַר אֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט יְהוּדָ֑ה in v. 68a.[3] Unfortunately, the verb בחר takes a בְּ complement about as often as אֵת, such that "a clear distinction of the two types of use is not possible."[4] Nevertheless, it may be that בְּ constructions involve a more complete process of observation, scrutiny and examination (Bekins 2014, 146), such that the rejection of Ephraim and selection of David (vv. 67, 70) were not taken lightly, whereas the use of אֵת in v. 68 indicates the simple choice based on YHWH's love for Zion (v. 68b).
Note for v. 68
v. 68 – The construct chain אֶת־הַר צִיּוֹן is one of entity-name.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.
Note for v. 67
On the interpretation of wayyiqtol introducing an adversative relationship to the preceding discourse, see Khan (forthcoming, Vayyiqṭol, 54-58).
Note for v. 68
The stative pointing of אָהֵֽב is unambiguous, since the verb could quite simply read אָהַב (see, e.g., Deut 4:37: וְתַ֗חַת כִּ֤י אָהַב֙ אֶת־אֲבֹתֶ֔יךָ וַיִּבְחַ֥ר בְּזַרְע֖וֹ אַחֲרָ֑יו), so which he loves is preferred over which he loved (CSB, CJB, KJV, NABRE, NASB, NBS, NIV, NJPS, PDV, SG21).
Note for v. 68
On the interpretation of wayyiqtol introducing an adversative relationship to the preceding discourse, see Khan (forthcoming, Vayyiqṭol, 54-58).
Note for v. 69
On the perfect reading, of the qatal יְסָדָהּ, ""he has established,"" see the ELB, ESV, EÜ, KJV, Luther2017, NASB, PDV, SG21, TOB, ZÜR. Alternatively, a past perfective interpretation is possible (see, e.g., NIV). Nevertheless, construal highlighting the present effects of this establishing seems preferable.
Note for v. 70
On the the interpretation of wayyiqtol introducing ""unordered addition"" and elaborative specification, see Khan (forthcoming, Vayyiqṭol, 58-60); cf. 2 Sam 12:8; 1 Kgs 18:13. See also vv. 5 and 44 above. It is quite commonly understood that the choosing of Judah, Zion and David were part of the same decisive act (see the commentaries).
Textual Notes
No Textual notes to display for this diagram.
Add Exegetical Note
- ↑ These read ἐν τῇ γῇ and ܒܐܪܥܐ, respectively.
- ↑ These read quasi terram, ὡς τὴν γῆν, and היך ארעא.
- ↑ Among the ancient versions, the LXX and Jerome (Hebr.) provide no distinction between these two constructions; TgPs follows the MT isomorphically, while the Syr. varies between the verbs ܐܬܪܥܝ "to consider" in the first instance and ܓܒܐ "to choose" in the second. Such an interpretation seems purely contextual, however, since the translator renders the construction וַ֭יִּבְחַר בְּדָוִ֣ד in v. 70 with ܓܒܐ "to choose." Here again the LXX and Jerome's Hebr. simply provide the accusative case for בְּדָוִ֣ד and TgPs contains the preposition ב.
- ↑ Eine eindeutige Scheidüng der beiden Verwendungsarten will nicht gelingen (Jenni 1992, 256); cf. Bekins: "the alternation between bāḥar bǝ- and bāḥar + ACC does not produce a meaningful semantic contrast within a single dialect" (2014, 146 n. 13).