Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/66

v. 66 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

Glosses Phrase Ellipses Alternatives Full Screen

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 66]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַּךְ he struck
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="his adversaries">
              noun: צָרָי adversaries
              suffix-pronoun: ו him
          adverb: אָחוֹר back
  Fragment
    Clause
      Predicate
        verb: נָתַן he gave
        Object
          ConstructChain <gloss="eternal shame">
            noun: חֶרְפַּת shame
            noun: עוֹלָם forever
        Adverbial
          PrepositionalPhrase 
            Preposition
              preposition: לָ to
            Object
              suffix-pronoun: מוֹ them 
  

Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 66]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַּךְ he struck
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="his adversaries">
              noun: צָרָי adversaries
              suffix-pronoun: ו him
          adverb: אָחוֹר back
  Fragment
    Clause
      Predicate
        verb: נָתַן he gave
        Object
          ConstructChain <gloss="eternal shame">
            noun: חֶרְפַּת shame
            noun: עוֹלָם forever
        Adverbial
          PrepositionalPhrase 
            Preposition
              preposition: לָ to
            Object
              suffix-pronoun: מוֹ them

Copy to display elsewhere

 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-66-None }}

Grammar Notes

No Grammar notes to display for this diagram.

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 66

v. 66 – This is the only place the verb נכה and אָחוֹר appear as a collocation in the Bible. There may be a slight echo of the tumors apparently afflicted upon the Philistines (see 1 Sam 5). This is the position of TgPs: ומחא מעיקוי בטחוריא באחוריהון ("And he smote his foes with hemorrhoids in their rear," Stec 2004, 155; see also Rashi and Ibn Ezra, KJV), which illuminates the meaning of חֶרְפַּ֥ת ע֝וֹלָ֗ם in the next line. While this would require a locative interpretation (i.e., "on the back[side]"), the movement adverbial reading ("backwards") is most heavily attested among the ancient versions. It also enables the participant ambiguity between the Philistines and the Israelites as "his adversaries" (see the discussion in participant analysis).

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 66

v. 66 – For discussion of the collocation וַיַּךְ ... אָחוֹר see the lexical notes. Further support for the movement adverbial reading, however, is found in other instances of hiphil נכה as "strike down" with directional movement (see, e.g., עַד in Josh 10:10, 41; 1 Sam 7:11; מִן plus allative he in 1 Sam 14:31; בְּ plus "wall" in the textually contested אַכֶּ֥ה בְדָוִ֖ד וּבַקִּ֑יר in 1 Sam 18:11 and 19:10; similarly וּבָאָ֙רֶץ֙ in 1 Sam 26:8; allative he with אַכֶּ֙כָּה֙ אַ֔רְצָה in 2 Sam 2:22; 18:11; 2 Kgs 13:18). On the other hand, if אָחוֹר is to be read as "back[side]," see also the אֵל locatives in 2 Sam 4:6, בֵּין in 1 Kgs 22:34, עַל in Jon 4:8; Mic 4:14; but most significantly, the bare nominals חֹמֶשׁ "stomach" and לְחִי "cheek" in 2 Sam 3:27 and Ps 3:8 (וַיַּכֵּ֤הוּ שָׁם֙ הַחֹ֔מֶשׁ and כִּֽי־הִכִּ֣יתָ אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבַ֣י לֶ֑חִי, respectively).

Verbal Notes

No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.

Textual Notes

No Textual notes to display for this diagram.

Add Exegetical Note