Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/65

v. 65 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

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SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 65]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    Clause
      Subject
        noun: אֲדֹנָי the Lord
      Predicate
        verb: יִּקַץ arose
        Adverbial
          PrepositionalPhrase 
            Preposition
              preposition: כְּ like
            Object
              Nominal
                adjective: יָשֵׁן one sleeping
        Adverbial
          PrepositionalPhrase 
            Preposition
              preposition: כְּ like
            Object
              Nominal
                noun: גִבּוֹר a warrior
                Adjectival
                  verb-participle: מִתְרוֹנֵן shouting
                  Adverbial
                    PrepositionalPhrase 
                      Preposition
                        preposition: מִ from
                      Object
                        noun: יָּיִן wine 
  

Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 65]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    Clause
      Subject
        noun: אֲדֹנָי the Lord
      Predicate
        verb: יִּקַץ arose
        Adverbial
          PrepositionalPhrase 
            Preposition
              preposition: כְּ like
            Object
              Nominal
                adjective: יָשֵׁן one sleeping
        Adverbial
          PrepositionalPhrase 
            Preposition
              preposition: כְּ like
            Object
              Nominal
                noun: גִבּוֹר a warrior
                Adjectival
                  verb-participle: מִתְרוֹנֵן shouting
                  Adverbial
                    PrepositionalPhrase 
                      Preposition
                        preposition: מִ from
                      Object
                        noun: יָּיִן wine

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-65-None }}

Grammar Notes

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Lexical Notes

No Lexical notes to display for this diagram. Other notes for v. 65

Note for v. 65

Associate with v-65-None

v. 65 – The hithpolel מִתְרוֹנֵ֥ן is either a unique instance of a derivative from the common root √רנן (so Rashi; Radak's Sefer HaShorashim), or simply a unique instance of a root √רו׳׳ן. In the first case, the idea would be "shouting because of wine." In the latter case, the senses offered in the lexicons are "shake off" (SDBH), or "overcome" (BDB, DCH, HALOT). These two interpretations are probably just two phases of the same process: (1) being overcome (i.e., drunk)—which may find support in the Arabic root ران, "become hard, severe" (see Lane), and (2) subsequently shaking it off, in parallel to one waking up in the previous line. A quick survey of מִן with יַיִן shows that either causative מִן (see, e.g., Isa 51:21: וּשְׁכֻרַ֖ת וְלֹ֥א מִיָּֽיִן), which expresses the control of the wine over the experiencer (so Staszak 2024, 128), or detachment "from" are the most probable interpretations, which account for either shaking off the wine or being overcome with (i.e., because of) wine. As attractive as the temporal parallelism with the previous line is, the phasal aspect can only be reconciled if the participle is read as anterior (so the Greek and Latin versions). See, however, the employment of קיץ (as the first line here) in Gen 9:24: וַיִּ֥יקֶץ נֹ֖חַ מִיֵּינ֑וֹ and the separation in Num 6:3 מִיַּ֤יִן וְשֵׁכָר֙ יַזִּ֔יר.

In conclusion, it seems preferable to posit a unique by-form of רנן as רון than a totally different (and otherwise unattested) root (so Symmachus' διαλαλέω "speaking," probably derived from an understanding of רנן as "talk, meditate," especially in the Rabbinic period—see Jastrow 1903, 1484). It also does not seem advisable to follow the Greek and Latin versions in providing an anterior reading of the participle מִתְרוֹנֵ֥ן, but rather this characteristic describes the Lord's action after waking up. So Ḥakham: כגבור היוצא למלחמה וקולות רנה וזמרה יוצאים מפיו, מחמת יין ששתה, והיין מפיג את פחדו, והוא נלחם ביתר אמץ וביתר עז "like a warrior who is going out to war and sounds of shouting and songs coming from his mouth because of the rage of the wine that he has drunk. And the wine defuses his fear, and he fights with more might and more strength" (1979, 60); see also the CPA ܘܗܝܟ ܚܝܘܠܐ ܕܡܙܕܠܠ "and like a mighty one who staggers as a drunk."

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 65

v. 65 – For the possible readings of מִן in מִיָּֽיִן as either detachment or cause, see the lexical notes on מִתְרוֹנֵ֥ן.

Verbal Notes

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Note for v. 65

Associate with v-65-None

On this form, see the lexical notes.

Note for v. 65

Associate with v-65-None

On the interpretation of wayyiqtol introducing an inferential relationship to the preceding discourse, see Khan (forthcoming, Vayyiqṭol, 52-54). On the function of v. 65 as introducing a new discourse unit, see the exegetical issue, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://psalms.scriptura.org/w/The_Identity_of_the_"Adversaries"_in_Ps_78:66">https://psalms.scriptura.org/w/The_Identity_of_the_"Adversaries"_in_Ps_78:66</a>.

Textual Notes

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