Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/53-55
vv. 53-55 - Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 53-55]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּנְח he led them
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
Adverbial <gloss="securely">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ in
Object
noun: בֶטַח safety
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: פָחָדוּ they were afraid
adverb: לֹא not
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ but
Clause
Subject
Nominal
article: הַ the
noun: יָּם sea
Predicate
verb: כִּסָּה covered
Object
particle: אֶת d.o.m
Nominal <gloss="their enemies">
ConstructChain
noun: אוֹיְבֵי enemies
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְבִיא he brought
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: אֶל to
Object
Apposition
Nominal <gloss="his holy territory">
ConstructChain
noun: גְּבוּל territory
ConstructChain
noun: קָדְשׁ holiness
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Nominal
noun: הַר hill-country
adjective: זֶה this <status="alternative">
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: זֶה which
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="his right hand">
noun: יְמִינ right hand
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Predicate
verb: קָנְתָה had acquired
Object <located="relative clause head">
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְגָרֶשׁ he drove out
Object
noun: גּוֹיִם nations
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their presence">
noun: פְּנֵי presence
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּפִּיל he allotted
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
SecondObject
noun: נַחֲלָה inheritance
Adjectival <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ i.e.,
Object
noun: חֶבֶל portion
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ by
Object
noun: חֶבֶל measurement
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
ConstructChain
noun: חֶבֶל portion
noun: נַחֲלָה inheritance
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּשְׁכֵּן let live
Object
ConstructChain
noun: שִׁבְטֵי clans
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their dwelling places">
noun: אָהֳלֵי dwelling places
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
DiscourseUnit [vv. 53-55]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּנְח he led them
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
Adverbial <gloss="securely">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ in
Object
noun: בֶטַח safety
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: פָחָדוּ they were afraid
adverb: לֹא not
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ but
Clause
Subject
Nominal
article: הַ the
noun: יָּם sea
Predicate
verb: כִּסָּה covered
Object
particle: אֶת d.o.m
Nominal <gloss="their enemies">
ConstructChain
noun: אוֹיְבֵי enemies
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְבִיא he brought
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: אֶל to
Object
Apposition
Nominal <gloss="his holy territory">
ConstructChain
noun: גְּבוּל territory
ConstructChain
noun: קָדְשׁ holiness
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Nominal
noun: הַר hill-country
adjective: זֶה this <status="alternative">
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: זֶה which
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="his right hand">
noun: יְמִינ right hand
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Predicate
verb: קָנְתָה had acquired
Object <located="relative clause head">
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְגָרֶשׁ he drove out
Object
noun: גּוֹיִם nations
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their presence">
noun: פְּנֵי presence
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּפִּיל he allotted
Object
suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
SecondObject
noun: נַחֲלָה inheritance
Adjectival <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ i.e.,
Object
noun: חֶבֶל portion
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ by
Object
noun: חֶבֶל measurement
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
ConstructChain
noun: חֶבֶל portion
noun: נַחֲלָה inheritance
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּשְׁכֵּן let live
Object
ConstructChain
noun: שִׁבְטֵי clans
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their dwelling places">
noun: אָהֳלֵי dwelling places
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-53-55-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for v. 54
v. 54 – For the intepretation of זֶה as a relative conjunction, see GKC §138 (who cites Ps 104:8 for support) and Fassberg 2019 §365 (who cites Ps 74:2 for support).[1] See the exegetical issue for further discussion.
Note for v. 55
v. 55 – For the alternative construct chain reading of בְּחֶ֣בֶל נַחֲלָ֑ה, see the Syr. "he placed them in the allotments of his inheritance."[2]
The alternative reading of בְּחֶ֣בֶל as modifying נַחֲלָ֑ה requires the understanding of בְּ as beth essentiae (so Hitzig 1863, 169; Delitzsch 1871, 373).
Lexical Notes
Note for v. 54
v. 54 – Though Rahlfs' LXX reads ὅριον, he notes in the apparatus some manuscripts reading ὄρος "mountain" (which, notably, include Codices Vaticanus and Sinaiticus). This reading is also followed by Gall. (in montem). Nevertheless, the other ancient versions (including Aquila, Quinta and Sexta) and the Hebrew manuscript evidence strongly favor ὅριον as "border, territory."
Note for v. 55
v. 55 – For the individual analysis of מִן and פָּנִים, i.e., lacking grammaticalized union, see Hardy (2022, 184).
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 53
v. 53 – The prepositional phrase לָ֭בֶטַח is one of a qualitative relationship (BHRG §39.11.6.b; cf. Jenni 2000, 280), i.e., in security >> securely (cf. the phrase with ישׁב in 1 Kgs 5:5, היה in Ezek 34:27 and הלך in Prov 3:23, among others).
Note for v. 54
v. 54 גְּב֣וּל קָדְשׁ֑וֹ – For construction in which "a pronominal suffix can be attached to the nomen rectum where such a pronoun relates to the entire construct phrase" see Joüon-Muraoka (§129kb). Thus, the territory of his holiness >> his holy territory.
Note for v. 54
v. 54 – For the function of זֶה in הַר־זֶ֝֗ה, see the exegetical issue.
Note for v. 55
v. 55 – We prefer to read the suffix on וַֽ֭יַּפִּילֵם as the nations of the previous clause, creating consistency also with בְּ֝אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם in the following clause (see the participant analysis note). Therefore, the valency of hiphil נפל with the pronominal suffix leaves room for the object complement "allot X as Y." That leaves only the constituent בְּחֶ֣בֶל "by portion," of which we read בְּ as instrumental (cf. "by the measuring line" HALOT; ). Alternatively, a number of commentators have understood the בְּ as bet essentiae (see the grammar notes), which would be most appropriate if חֶבֶל נַחֲלָה was read as a construct chain (cf. Deut 32:9; Ps 105:11 and 1 Chr 16:18).
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.
Note for v. 55
Rather than an obligation, as would be communicated by a typical causative hiphil, וַיַּשְׁכֵּן seems best understood as a permissive hiphil, ""let/allow to live"" (see Garr forthcoming, Permissive Hifʿil; cf. Tigay 2017).
Textual Notes
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Add Exegetical Note