Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/5-8
vv. 5-8 - Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 5-8]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָּקֶם he established
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ among
Object
noun: יַעֲקֹב Jacob
Object
noun: עֵדוּת a testimony
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: שָׂם he set up
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ among
Object
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
Object
noun: תוֹרָה teaching
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: אֲשֶׁר which
Clause
Predicate
verb: צִוָּה he commanded
Object <located="relative clause head">
SecondObject
particle: אֶת d.o.m
ConstructChain <gloss="our ancestors">
noun: אֲבוֹתֵי ancestors
suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Clause
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: הוֹדִיע teach
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לִ to
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their children">
noun: בְנֵי children
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: לְמַעַן so that
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Apposition
Nominal
noun: בָּנִים children
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: who
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: יִוָּלֵדוּ were yet to be born
Nominal
noun: דּוֹר generation
adjective: אַחֲרוֹן latest
Predicate
verb: יֵדְעוּ might know
Clause
Subject <status="alternative">
Nominal
noun: בָּנִים sons
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: who
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: יִוָּלֵדוּ were yet to be born
Predicate <gloss="they might begin to tell their children">
Predicate
verb: יָקֻמוּ they might arise
Conjunction
conjunction: וִ and
Predicate
verb: יסַפְּרוּ tell
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לִ to
Object
ConstructChain
noun: בְנֵי children
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָשִׂימוּ they might put
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בֵ in
Object
noun: אלֹהִים God
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their trust">
noun: כִּסְל trust
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשְׁכְּחוּ they might forget
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain
noun: מַעַלְלֵי deeds
noun: אֵל God
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ but
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִנְצֹרוּ they might obey
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his commands">
noun: מִצְוֹתָי commands
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִהְיוּ they might be
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כַּ like
Object
Apposition
ConstructChain <gloss="their ancestors">
Nominal
noun: אֲבוֹת ancestors
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Nominal
noun: דּוֹר generation
Adjectival
verb-participle: סוֹרֵר stubborn
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
verb-participle: מֹרֶה rebellious
Nominal
noun: דּוֹר generation
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: who
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: הֵכִין keep steadfast >> committed
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their heart">
noun: לִבּ heart
suffix-pronoun: וֹ their <located="relative clause head">
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="their mind">
noun: רוּח mind
suffix-pronoun: וֹ their <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: נֶאֶמְנָה was faithful
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: אֶת with >> to
Object
noun: אֵל God
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: אֶל to <status="emendation">
Object
noun: אֵל God
DiscourseUnit [vv. 5-8]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָּקֶם he established
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ among
Object
noun: יַעֲקֹב Jacob
Object
noun: עֵדוּת a testimony
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: שָׂם he set up
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ among
Object
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
Object
noun: תוֹרָה teaching
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: אֲשֶׁר which
Clause
Predicate
verb: צִוָּה he commanded
Object <located="relative clause head">
SecondObject
particle: אֶת d.o.m
ConstructChain <gloss="our ancestors">
noun: אֲבוֹתֵי ancestors
suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ to
Object
Clause
Predicate
ConstructChain
verb-infinitive: הוֹדִיע teach
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לִ to
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their children">
noun: בְנֵי children
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: לְמַעַן so that
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
Apposition
Nominal
noun: בָּנִים children
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: who
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: יִוָּלֵדוּ were yet to be born
Nominal
noun: דּוֹר generation
adjective: אַחֲרוֹן latest
Predicate
verb: יֵדְעוּ might know
Clause
Subject <status="alternative">
Nominal
noun: בָּנִים sons
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: who
Clause
Subject <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: יִוָּלֵדוּ were yet to be born
Predicate <gloss="they might begin to tell their children">
Predicate
verb: יָקֻמוּ they might arise
Conjunction
conjunction: וִ and
Predicate
verb: יסַפְּרוּ tell
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לִ to
Object
ConstructChain
noun: בְנֵי children
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָשִׂימוּ they might put
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בֵ in
Object
noun: אלֹהִים God
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their trust">
noun: כִּסְל trust
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִשְׁכְּחוּ they might forget
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain
noun: מַעַלְלֵי deeds
noun: אֵל God
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ but
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִנְצֹרוּ they might obey
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his commands">
noun: מִצְוֹתָי commands
suffix-pronoun: ו him
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִהְיוּ they might be
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כַּ like
Object
Apposition
ConstructChain <gloss="their ancestors">
Nominal
noun: אֲבוֹת ancestors
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Nominal
noun: דּוֹר generation
Adjectival
verb-participle: סוֹרֵר stubborn
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
verb-participle: מֹרֶה rebellious
Nominal
noun: דּוֹר generation
RelativeClause
RelativeParticle
particle: who
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: הֵכִין keep steadfast >> committed
adverb: לֹא not
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their heart">
noun: לִבּ heart
suffix-pronoun: וֹ their <located="relative clause head">
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="their mind">
noun: רוּח mind
suffix-pronoun: וֹ their <located="relative clause head">
Predicate
verb: נֶאֶמְנָה was faithful
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: אֶת with >> to
Object
noun: אֵל God
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: אֶל to <status="emendation">
Object
noun: אֵל God
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-5-8-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for Vv. 5-8
v. 5 – The plural antecedent of the suffix on לְ֝הוֹדִיעָ֗ם refers to both the עֵד֨וּת׀ and the תוֹרָה֮.
vv. 5-8 – For the continuation of the scope of למען, see Jerome's (Hebr.) ut "so that" at the beginning of vv. 6-8 (and, likewise, the ܕ in the Syr. vv. 6-7).
v. 6 – The Syr. seems to take יָ֝קֻ֗מוּ as part of the modifying phrase בָּנִ֣ים יִוָּלֵ֑דוּ (see ܒܢ̈ܝܐ ܕܡܬܝܠܕܝܢ ܘܩܝܡܝܢ "the children who are being born and remaining," Taylor 2020, 313). The accents make this interpretation unlikely, however, as well as "remaining" being a strange rendering of יָ֝קֻ֗מוּ.
For the compound predicate interpretation, see the discussion of the multi-verb predication at phrase level (see, e.g., the NIV: "and they in turn would tell their children," cf. DHH, GNT, NABRE, NJPS, RVC). While prototypically we would expect serial verb constructions to be asyndetic, waw-coordination is not unheard of (see, e.g., 1 Chr 22:16), and it is unclear what the "rising up" could mean if construed as its own verbal event (perhaps, "growing up," as the NET and SG21). While קום's role in serial verb constructions is well-documented in prose (see Andrason 2019), it is, admittedly, less common in poetry. Nevertheless, the agreement in person, number, TAM and polarity values support the serial verb reading. See also the omission in HaEdut: והבנים שיִיוולדו יספרו לבניהם.
v. 8 – For the alternative אֶל in place of the MT's אֶת־ in וְלֹא־נֶאֶמְנָ֖ה אֶת־אֵ֣ל רוּחֽוֹ see VTH vol. 4, 373 and de-Rossi, 53.
The Syr. understands רוּחֽוֹ as a dependent of the construct phrase אֶת־אֵ֣ל רוּחֽוֹ.[1] Nonetheless, the parallel with the previous line's לִבּ֑וֹ as the grammatical object is preferred.
Lexical Notes
Note for v. 7
v. 7 – For the sense of כֶּסֶל, see the parallel with מִבְטָח "trust" in Job 31:24 (אִם־שַׂ֣מְתִּי זָהָ֣ב כִּסְלִ֑י וְ֝לַכֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽי).
Note for v. 7
v. 7 – For the sense of כֶּסֶל, see the parallel with מִבְטָח "trust" in Job 31:24 (אִם־שַׂ֣מְתִּי זָהָ֣ב כִּסְלִ֑י וְ֝לַכֶּ֗תֶם אָמַ֥רְתִּי מִבְטַחִֽי).
Note for v. 8
v. 8 – This verse contains a unique collocation of niphal אמן with the preposition אֵת (though see the similar expression וְ֠עַתָּה אִם־יֶשְׁכֶ֨ם עֹשִׂ֜ים חֶ֧סֶד וֶֽאֱמֶ֛ת אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֖י הַגִּ֣ידוּ לִ֑י in Gen 24:49; cf. 32:11). For the intended sense, see the LXX's "with God" (μετὰ τοῦ θεοῦ). The other ancient versions likewise reflect an interpretation of God as benefactor or goal of the faithfulness, and have apparently struggled with the appearance of אֵת for such a function (hence the alternative אֶל as noted in VTH vol. 4, 373 and de-Rossi, 53).[2] For modern translations' representation of the same result, see the DHH's "infiel a Dios," SG21's "n’était pas fidèle à Dieu," ESV "not faithful to God" (though see the KJV's "not faithful with God"). Of course, in clearer instances, such as with the verb הלך, the preposition אֵת can encode devotion (such as וַיִּתְהַלֵּ֨ךְ חֲנ֜וֹךְ אֶת־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים in Gen 5:22; cf. BHRG §39.5). Indeed, van der Merwe et al. claim that while עִם and אֵת are "synonyms in the Pentateuch, in the rest of the Hebrew Bible, עִם became the default preposition to refer to all of the sense identified" for אֵת (BHRG 334, n. 7), which makes the instance in our psalm all the more remarkable.
Note for v. 8
v. 8 – This verse contains a unique collocation of niphal אמן with the preposition אֵת (though see the similar expression וְ֠עַתָּה אִם־יֶשְׁכֶ֨ם עֹשִׂ֜ים חֶ֧סֶד וֶֽאֱמֶ֛ת אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֖י הַגִּ֣ידוּ לִ֑י in Gen 24:49; cf. 32:11). For the intended sense, see the LXX's "with God" (μετὰ τοῦ θεοῦ). The other ancient versions likewise reflect an interpretation of God as benefactor or goal of the faithfulness, and have apparently struggled with the appearance of אֵת for such a function (hence the alternative אֶל as noted in VTH vol. 4, 373 and de-Rossi, 53).[3] For modern translations' representation of the same result, see the DHH's "infiel a Dios," SG21's "n’était pas fidèle à Dieu," ESV "not faithful to God" (though see the KJV's "not faithful with God"). Or course, in clearer instances, such as with the verb הלך, the preposition אֵת can encode devotion (such as וַיִּתְהַלֵּ֨ךְ חֲנ֜וֹךְ אֶת־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים in Gen 5:22; cf. BHRG §39.5). Indeed, van der Merwe et al. claim that while עִם and אֵת are "synonyms in the Pentateuch, in the rest of the Hebrew Bible, עִם became the default preposition to refer to all of the sense identified" for אֵת (BHRG 334, n. 7), which makes the instance in our psalm all the more remarkable.
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 6
v. 6 – For the pseudo-coordination of יָ֝קֻ֗מוּ וִֽיסַפְּר֥וּ, see the grammar notes.
Note for v. 7
v. 7 – As evident from the parallel in Job 31:24, כֶּסֶל, like מִבְטָח, should be understood as the verbal notion hoping >> hope, carried out by them, which is then placed in a metaphorical location בֵֽאלֹהִ֗ים.
Note for v. 8
v. 8 – For the collocation סוֹרֵ֪ר וּמֹ֫רֶ֥ה, see also בֵּ֚ן סוֹרֵ֣ר וּמוֹרֶ֔ה (Deut 21:18); בְּנֵ֤נוּ זֶה֙ סוֹרֵ֣ר וּמֹרֶ֔ה (Deut 21:20) and וְלָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ הָיָ֔ה לֵ֖ב סוֹרֵ֣ר וּמוֹרֶ֑ה (Jer 5:23).
Note for v. 8
v. 8 – For discussion of אֵת following niphal אמן, see the lexical notes.
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.
Note for v. 5
This function of the wayyiqtol may reflect an original expression of result being extended ""that of a general sequential form, its tense and aspect being specified by context... extended to express general connection to what precedes, not necessarily only connection of temporal sequence..."" (Khan forthcoming, vayyiqṭol, 1-2). See, e.g., the Syr. ܕܰܐܩܺܝܡ ""such that he established..."" The Peshitta's translation, completely plausible, would reflect an instance of co-subordination (i.e., semantically subordinate, though lacking a subordination conjunction). For a similar example of a wayyiqtol specifying the actions introduced in the previous clause (Hatav 1997, 69), see Gen 43:16-17: וַיַּ֨רְא יוֹסֵ֣ף אִתָּם֮ אֶת־בִּנְיָמִין֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ הָבֵ֥א אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים הַבָּ֑יְתָה וּטְבֹ֤חַ טֶ֙בַח֙ וְהָכֵ֔ן כִּ֥י אִתִּ֛י יֹאכְל֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בַּֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ הָאִ֔ישׁ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֣ר יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיָּבֵ֥א הָאִ֛ישׁ אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בֵּ֥יתָה יוֹסֵֽף׃. See also Khan's discussion of ""unordered addition"" and elaborative specification (Vayyiqṭol, 58-60), for example, 1 Kgs 18:13. See also v. 44 below.
Note for v. 5
This function of the wayyiqtol may reflect an original expression of result being extended ""that of a general sequential form, its tense and aspect being specified by context... extended to express general connection to what precedes, not necessarily only connection of temporal sequence..."" (Khan forthcoming, vayyiqṭol, 1-2). See, e.g., the Syr. ܕܰܐܩܺܝܡ ""such that he established..."" The Peshitta's translation, completely plausible, would reflect an instance of co-subordination (i.e., semantically subordinate, though lacking a subordination conjunction). For a similar example of a wayyiqtol specifying the actions introduced in the previous clause (Hatav 1997, 69), see Gen 43:16-17: וַיַּ֨רְא יוֹסֵ֣ף אִתָּם֮ אֶת־בִּנְיָמִין֒ וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לַֽאֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־בֵּית֔וֹ הָבֵ֥א אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים הַבָּ֑יְתָה וּטְבֹ֤חַ טֶ֙בַח֙ וְהָכֵ֔ן כִּ֥י אִתִּ֛י יֹאכְל֥וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בַּֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ הָאִ֔ישׁ כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֣ר יוֹסֵ֑ף וַיָּבֵ֥א הָאִ֛ישׁ אֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים בֵּ֥יתָה יוֹסֵֽף׃. See also Khan's discussion of ""unordered addition"" and elaborative specification (Vayyiqṭol, 58-60), for example, 1 Kgs 18:13. See also v. 44 below.
Note for v. 8
On the perdurative hiphil and hence the gloss ""keep,"" see Garr, ""hifʿil"" (forthcoming).
Note for v. 8
On the perdurative hiphil and hence the gloss ""keep,"" see Garr, ""hifʿil"" (forthcoming).
Textual Notes
No Textual notes to display for this diagram.
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