Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/49
v. 49 - Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 49]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְשַׁלַּח he sent
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בָּ among
Object
Nominal
suffix-pronoun: ם them
Adverbial
Nominal <gloss="by a deputation of angels bringing disaster">
ConstructChain
noun: מִשְׁלַחַת a sending >> deputation
ConstructChain
noun: מַלְאֲכֵי angels
noun: רָעִים disastrous events
Object
Apposition
Nominal <gloss="the wrath of his anger">
ConstructChain
noun: חֲרוֹן wrath
ConstructChain
noun: אַפּ anger
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Nominal
Nominal
noun: עֶבְרָה fury
Conjunction
conjunction: וָ and
Nominal
noun: זַעַם indignation
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Nominal
noun: צָרָה trouble
DiscourseUnit [v. 49]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְשַׁלַּח he sent
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בָּ among
Object
Nominal
suffix-pronoun: ם them
Adverbial
Nominal <gloss="by a deputation of angels bringing disaster">
ConstructChain
noun: מִשְׁלַחַת a sending >> deputation
ConstructChain
noun: מַלְאֲכֵי angels
noun: רָעִים disastrous events
Object
Apposition
Nominal <gloss="the wrath of his anger">
ConstructChain
noun: חֲרוֹן wrath
ConstructChain
noun: אַפּ anger
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Nominal
Nominal
noun: עֶבְרָה fury
Conjunction
conjunction: וָ and
Nominal
noun: זַעַם indignation
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Nominal
noun: צָרָה trouble
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-49-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 49
The alternative emendation מַלְאָכִים for the construct מַלְאֲכֵ֥י is found in Kennicott 538 (see VTH, vol 4, 375). It may be that the ancient versions reflect such a reading, too (see, e.g., διʼ ἀγγέλων πονηρῶν "through wicked angels"; angelorum malorum, etc.), though this rendering is also a valid interpretation of the construct phrase מַלְאֲכֵ֥י רָעִֽים entity-characteristic (so "messengers of evil ones" >> "messengers of [carrying out] evils"). Similarly, GKC (§128w) notes the common construction (cf. מֵ֥י מָ֝לֵ֗א in Ps 73:10 and לִ֭שְׁמָרְךָ מֵאֵ֣שֶׁת רָ֑ע in Prov 6:24).
Lexical Notes
Note for v. 49
v. 49 – Rather than a deviation from SDBH's "anger, wrath," the gloss "indignation" (so BDB, DCH) has been provided for זַעַם to vary from the preceding the "wrath of his anger" (חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ).
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 49
v. 49 – The construct chain חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ is probably best understood as entity-cause/origin, i.e., the wrath that came about because of / out of his anger.
Note for v. 49
v. 49 – In this verse, only the sequence עֶבְרָ֣ה וָזַ֣עַם וְצָרָ֑ה, i.e., the second poetic line of the verse, contains the waw conjunction (apart from one medieval manuscript, reading ומשלחת for the beginning of the third line; see VTH vol 4., 375). It is possible that the prosodic pause between poetic lines was sufficient to distinguish this list of nominals, though the asyndesis (lack of conjunction) may also be interpreted as elaboration/explication, as the CSB's "He sent his burning anger against them: fury, indignation, and calamity— a band of deadly messengers," (cf. CEB, TOB) or TgPs's דמשתלחן בעידן בידיהון דאזגדין בישין "which was sent by the hands of evil messengers" (Stec 2004, 153); a comitative relationship, such as the RVC's "con un ejército de ángeles destructores" or one of means, as the KJV's "He cast upon them the fierceness of his anger, wrath, and indignation, and trouble, by sending evil angels among them," the DHH's "como mensajeros de calamidades," and the NET's "His raging anger lashed out against them. He sent fury, rage, and trouble as messengers who bring disaster." It seems plausible, then, that the first asyndesis indicates elaboration/explication, while the second communicates the means by which God's "fury and indignation and trouble" was manifested.
Note for v. 49
v. 49 – For the construct relationship מַלְאֲכֵ֥י רָעִֽים as entity-characteristic, see the grammar notes.
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Textual Notes
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