Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/47

v. 47 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

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SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 47]
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַהֲרֹג he killed
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="their vines">
              noun: גַּפְנ vine
              suffix-pronoun: ָם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ with
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה <status="elided">
                  noun: בָּרָד hail
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַהֲרֹג he killed <status="elided">
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="their sycamore trees">
              noun: שִׁקְמוֹת sycamore trees
              suffix-pronoun: ָם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ with
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה <status="elided">
                  noun: חֲנָמַל frost 
  

Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 47]
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַהֲרֹג he killed
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="their vines">
              noun: גַּפְנ vine
              suffix-pronoun: ָם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ with
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה <status="elided">
                  noun: בָּרָד hail
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַהֲרֹג he killed <status="elided">
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="their sycamore trees">
              noun: שִׁקְמוֹת sycamore trees
              suffix-pronoun: ָם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ with
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה <status="elided">
                  noun: חֲנָמַל frost

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-47-None }}

Grammar Notes

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Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 47

v. 47 – Even though "kill" with sounds a bit strange with "vine," the literal sense has been maintained in our preferred gloss—rather than something which may sound more natural, such as "destroyed"—as the choice of הרג by the poet is intentional and stresses the living nature of "their crops" (v. 46) as integral to the Egyptians' livelihood.

Note for V. 47

v. 47 –The word גֶּפֶן is always found in the singular, even when modified by plural quantifiers (see, e.g., אֶ֥לֶף גֶּ֖פֶן "a thousand vines" in Isa 7:23). Since the form is ambiguous between a singular and plural reference, context is determinative. In the present case, the denotation of all the vines of Egypt, and the parallel with the plural וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם "and their sycamore trees" support the plural interpretation (see also Jerome's Hebr., Syr., and TgPs).

Note for V. 47

v. 47 – The word חֲנָמַל only occurs here in the Bible, for which the ancient versions vary from either "frost," or "locust/worm/larva." Because of the parallelism with the first line, the former interpretation has been preferred here (though a closer, lexically unwarranted, parallelism providing the sense of "floods" should be avoided—for which, see, e.g., CSB, ELB, NET, NVC, REB, ZÜR).

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for Vv. 47-48

vv. 47-48 – The articles on בַּבָּרָ֣ד, בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל, לַבָּרָ֣ד and לָרְשָׁפִֽים are those of kind-reference (Bekins, forthcoming §2.1); cf the French versions, e.g., TOB: "Il ravage leurs vignes par la grêle, leurs sycomores par le gel; Il abandonne leur bétail aux grêlons, leurs troupeaux à la foudre."

Verbal Notes

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Note for v. 47

Associate with v-47-None

For the scribal tendency to understand this verb as part of the chain from vv. 44-48, see the wayyiqtol ויהרג in JTS 611, 631, and BL Or 1477. Ḥakham comments, עתיד שׁמשׁמעו עבר ""future whose meaning is past"" (1979, 54).

Textual Notes

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