Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/41

v. 41 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

Glosses Phrase Ellipses Alternatives Full Screen

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 41]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="they put God to the test again">
          Predicate
            verb: יָּשׁוּבוּ they turned
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וַ and
          Predicate
            verb: יְנַסּוּ they put to the test
            Object
              noun: אֵל God
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וּ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: הִתְווּ they provoked
          Object
            ConstructChain
              noun: קְדוֹשׁ the Holy One
              noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel 
  

Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 41]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="they put God to the test again">
          Predicate
            verb: יָּשׁוּבוּ they turned
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וַ and
          Predicate
            verb: יְנַסּוּ they put to the test
            Object
              noun: אֵל God
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וּ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: הִתְווּ they provoked
          Object
            ConstructChain
              noun: קְדוֹשׁ the Holy One
              noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-41-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 41

v. 41 – For the compound predicate interpretation, see the discussion of the multi-verb predication at phrase level (as attested, e.g., in the ESV: "They tested God again and again," cf. CSB, CEB, CJB, ELB, EÜ, GNT, Luther 2017, NASB, NABRE, NET, NIV, NJPS, RVC, SG21, ZÜR). For the waw-coordination in a serial verb construction, see further, the note at v. 6. Here, וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ contributes the aspectual value of habituality/repetition (Aikhenvald 2018, 6). Alternatively, וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ could be considered its own event, i.e., turning back (as the ancient versions and the KJV's "they turned back and tempted God").

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 41

v. 41 – The hiphil √תוה only occurs here in the Bible. The more commonly attested root is that of "a mark" תָּו or "to mark" תָּוָה, which Radak considers to be identical to that of the hiphil here (SeferHaShorashim; cf. Ezek 9:4). Similarly, Tate states, "The verb תוה means “mark off/set bounds to”; thus to grieve or pain God in this context by doubting and testing the limits of divine power" (1998, 283). Nevertheless, the semantic leap from "make a mark" to "grieve/provoke" requires too large an ellipsis, so a homophonous root, only attested here, appears more likely. Aramaic, indeed, contains this other root, for pael "shudder, be disgusted" (Jastrow 1903, 1651), whose sense is indicated by TgPs here: איתיו תיוהא "they brought astonishment."

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 41

v. 41 – For the the pseudo-coordination of וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיְנַסּ֣וּ אֵ֑ל as mono-eventive, see the Symmachuas' καὶ πάλιν ἐπείραζον τὸν θ(εὸν) "and again they tested G[od]" (cf. CEB, CSB, DHH, ESV, EÜ, ELB, NABRE, NASB, NBS, NET, NFC, NIV, NJPS, Luther 2017, PDV, RVC, SG21, TOB, ZÜR).

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Textual Notes

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