Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/38

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v. 38 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 38]
  Fragment
    particle: וְ but
  Fragment
    Clause
      Subject
        pronoun: הוּא he
      Predicate
        verb: is
        Complement
          Nominal
            adjective: רַחוּם compassionate
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יְכַפֵּר he forgives
          Object
            noun: עָוֺן iniquity
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַשְׁחִית he destroys
          adverb: לֹא not
  Fragment
    particle: וְ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="he repeatedly turned back his anger">
          verb: הִרְבָּה he made numerous
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: לְ to
              Object
                Clause
                  Predicate
                    verb-infinitive: הָשִׁיב turn back
                    Object
                      ConstructChain
                        noun: אַפּ anger
                        suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יָעִיר he would stir up
          adverb: לֹא not
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="all his wrath">
              Nominal
                quantifier: כָּל all
                noun: חֲמָת wrath
              suffix-pronoun: וֹ him


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit [v. 38]
  Fragment
    particle: וְ but
  Fragment
    Clause
      Subject
        pronoun: הוּא he
      Predicate
        verb: is
        Complement
          Nominal
            adjective: רַחוּם compassionate
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יְכַפֵּר he forgives
          Object
            noun: עָוֺן iniquity
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַשְׁחִית he destroys
          adverb: לֹא not
  Fragment
    particle: וְ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="he repeatedly turned back his anger">
          verb: הִרְבָּה he made numerous
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: לְ to
              Object
                Clause
                  Predicate
                    verb-infinitive: הָשִׁיב turn back
                    Object
                      ConstructChain
                        noun: אַפּ anger
                        suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יָעִיר he would stir up
          adverb: לֹא not
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="all his wrath">
              Nominal
                quantifier: כָּל all
                noun: חֲמָת wrath
              suffix-pronoun: וֹ him

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-38-None }}

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Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 38

v. 38 – For other instances of hiphil רבה followed by an infinitive construct for repeated action see also Isa 23:16 and Amos 4:4 (see, e.g., the NJPS's "time and again"; cf. also CEB, CSB, ESV, EÜ, KJV, Luther 2017 NASB, NET, NIV, TOB).

Verbal Notes

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Note for v. 38

Associate with v-38-None

The yiqtol יָעִיר seems best understood as future within a past reference time (so R<E<S): ""he repeatedly turned back his anger and (will >) would not stir up all his wrath.""


Note for v. 38

Associate with v-38-None

Although the time reference leading up to this clause is past, this and the following three clauses (וְה֤וּא רַח֨וּם׀ יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָוֺן֮ וְֽלֹא־יַ֫שְׁחִ֥ית) seem best understood as general truths (notice the yiqtols and lack of suffix on עָוֺן֮ ""iniquity,"" despite a number of modern translations supplying ""their""; cf. the NET: ""Yet he is compassionate. He forgives sin and does not destroy""). Another possible reading, yet dispreferred, follows the NIV: ""Yet he was merciful; he forgave their iniquities and did not destroy them."" Our preference for the present reality is supported by the shift to waw + qatal in the following clause (וְ֭הִרְבָּה), which does move back to the past reference time. Delitzsch comments similarly, ""With וְהוּא in ver. 38 begins an adversative clause, which is of universal import as far as יַשְׁחִית, and then becomes historical"" (1871, 370).

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