Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/33

v. 33 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

Glosses Phrase Ellipses Alternatives Full Screen

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 33]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ so
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="he made them spend their days in vain">
          verb: יְכַל he finished
          Object
            ConstructChain
              noun: יְמֵי days
              suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ in
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity
          Adverbial <status="alternative">
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כַּ as <status="alternative emendation">
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וּ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: כִּלָּה he made them spend <status="elided"> 
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="their years">
              noun: שְׁנוֹת years 
              suffix-pronoun: ָם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ in
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: בֶּהָלָה anguish 
  

Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 33]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ so
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="he made them spend their days in vain">
          verb: יְכַל he finished
          Object
            ConstructChain
              noun: יְמֵי days
              suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ in
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity
          Adverbial <status="alternative">
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כַּ as <status="alternative emendation">
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וּ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: כִּלָּה he made them spend <status="elided"> 
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="their years">
              noun: שְׁנוֹת years 
              suffix-pronoun: ָם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ in
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: בֶּהָלָה anguish

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-33-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 33

v. 33 – For the alternative PP כַּהֶבֶל in place of the MT's בַּהֶ֥בֶל, see Aquila's "and he finished their days like vapor." (Cf. the ESV's "So he made their days vanish like a breath").

There is no known Hebrew manuscript evidence for the LXX's ἐξέλιπον (וַיִּכְלוּ) in place of the MT's piel singular וַיְכַל.

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 33

v. 33 – For the grammatical difficulties (according to the most expected sense of piel כלה) and the emendation following Aquila, see the grammar notes. Although such a reading as the ESV's "So he made their days vanish like a breath, and their years in terror" is plausible in light of v. 31, the vanity and anguish mentioned here, however, probably point to the generation of wandering in the desert. The lexical connection between הֲרָגָ֥ם (v. 34) and וַֽ֭יַּהֲרֹג (v. 31) indicates that v. 33 should be read with v. 32.

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 33

v. 33 – The article on both בַּהֶ֥בֶל and בַּבֶּהָלָֽה is one of genericity, as illustrated by the French of the NBS: "Il mit fin à leurs jours dans la futilité, à leurs années dans l'épouvante." For the metaphorical locative reading of בְּ, rather than instrument, see the grammar notes.

Verbal Notes

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Textual Notes

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