Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/30-31
vv. 30-31 - Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 30-31]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: זָרוּ they had turned
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the object of their craving">
noun: תַּאֲוָת craving
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="their food">
noun: אָכְל food
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Predicate
verb: was
adverb: עוֹד still
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their mouth">
noun: פִי mouth
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ when
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
noun: אַף anger
noun: אֱלֹהִים God
Predicate
verb: עָלָה rose
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בָ against
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּהֲרֹג he killed
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ some of
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their strong men">
noun: מִשְׁמַנֵּי strong men
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: הִכְרִיעַ struck down
Object
ConstructChain
noun: בַחוּרֵי young men
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
DiscourseUnit [vv. 30-31]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: זָרוּ they had turned
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the object of their craving">
noun: תַּאֲוָת craving
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="their food">
noun: אָכְל food
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Predicate
verb: was
adverb: עוֹד still
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their mouth">
noun: פִי mouth
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ when
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
noun: אַף anger
noun: אֱלֹהִים God
Predicate
verb: עָלָה rose
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בָ against
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּהֲרֹג he killed
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ some of
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their strong men">
noun: מִשְׁמַנֵּי strong men
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: הִכְרִיעַ struck down
Object
ConstructChain
noun: בַחוּרֵי young men
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-30-31-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for v. 31
v. 31b – For the hiphil כרע as "strike down," (SDBH) rather than simply "make bow down," see the contexts of Pss 17:13, 18:40, and the previous clause here.
Lexical Notes
Note for V. 30
v. 30 – The verb זָר֥וּ could be understood a number of ways. The two primary senses are "become estranged" and "turn away," both of which occur with the preposition מִן of separation as here. The first sense may be intended by the Jerome's (quite unique) take: non indiguerunt de cupiditate sua "they were not in need of/lacking their desire." These two interpretations are similar, however, and supported by the following clause: ע֝֗וֹד אָכְלָ֥ם בְּפִיהֶֽם "their food was still in their mouth." [1]
Note for v. 31
v. 31 – Although the intended sense is most likely "strong men," in parallel with the "young men of Israel" (בַחוּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל) in the following clause (and the context of the parallel passage in Isa 10:16), there may be some wordplay with the root שֶׁמֶן as "fat, stout," in light of their craving for food in the previous co-text.
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 31
v. 30 – For the construction זור מן, see the lexical notes.
Note for v. 31
v. 31 – The בְּ-constituent following הרג has a partitive function, i.e., "he killed some of them" (BHRG §39.1.b.iv; cf. Bekins 2014, 149 n. 19; Sjörs forthcoming, Prepositional Complements).[2]
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.
Textual Notes
No Textual notes to display for this diagram.
Add Exegetical Note
- ↑ Greenstein (1990, 206) has suggested the sense of "be loathsome," as only clearly attested in Job 19:17: ר֭וּחִֽי זָ֣רָה לְאִשְׁתִּ֑י ("My breath is offensive to my wife," NIV). The nominal form in Num 11:20 (זָרָא), could plausibly be related to this root and provide wordplay from the wilderness sickening of the people's gluttony: "You shall not eat just one day, or two days, or five days, or ten days, or twenty days, but a whole month, until it comes out at your nostrils and becomes loathsome to you." Although this intertextual connection and possible word play is interesting, the syntax (particularly the plural verb and preposition מִן) of our present verse requires one of the two, previously discussed, senses.
- ↑ Cf. the Syr. ܘܩܛܠ ܡܢ ܥܬܝܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ "and he killed some of their wealthy" (Taylor 2020, 319).