Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/3-4

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vv. 3-4 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 3-4]
      Fragment
        Clause
          Predicate
            verb: נְכַחֵד we will hide
            verb: נִכְחַד it is hidden <status="alternative revocalization"
            adverb: לֹא not
            Adverbial
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: מִ from
                Object
                  Nominal <gloss="their children">
                    ConstructChain 
                      noun: בְּנֵי children
                      suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
                  Adjectival
                    PrepositionalPhrase
                      Preposition
                        preposition: לְ in
                      Object
                        noun: דוֹר generation
                        adjective: אַחֲרוֹן latest
            Object
              Nominal
                noun: <status="elided">
                RelativeClause
                  RelativeParticle
                    particle: אֲשֶׁר the things which
                  ClauseCluster
                    Clause
                      Predicate
                        verb: שָׁמַעְנוּ we heard
                        Object <located="relative clause head">
                    Conjunction
                      conjunction: וַ and
                    Clause
                      Predicate
                        verb: נֵּדָע we learned
                        Object
                          suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
                    Conjunction
                      conjunction: וַ and
                    Clause
                      Subject
                        Nominal <gloss="our ancestors">
                          ConstructChain 
                            noun: אֲבוֹתֵי ancestors
                            suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
                      Predicate
                        verb: סִפְּרוּ told
                        Adverbial
                          PrepositionalPhrase
                            Preposition
                              preposition: לָ to 
                            Object
                              suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
            Adverbial
              Clause
                Predicate
                  verb-participle: מְסַפְּרִים proclaiming
                  Adverbial <status="alternative">
                    PrepositionalPhrase
                      Preposition
                        preposition: לְ to
                      Object
                        noun: דוֹר generation
                        adjective: אַחֲרוֹן next
                  Object
                    Nominal
                      ConstructChain
                        noun: תְּהִלּוֹת praiseworthy deeds
                        noun: יְהוָה YHWH
                    Conjunction
                      conjunction: וֶ and 
                    Nominal <gloss="his power">
                      ConstructChain 
                        noun: עֱזוּז power
                        suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
                    Conjunction
                      conjunction: וְ and
                    Nominal <gloss="his wonderful deeds which he has accomplished">
                      ConstructChain
                        Nominal 
                          noun: נִפְלְאוֹתָי wonderful deeds
                          RelativeClause
                            RelativeParticle
                              particle: אֲשֶׁר which
                            Clause
                              Predicate  
                                verb: עָשָׂה he has accomplished
                        suffix-pronoun: ו him


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit [vv. 3-4]
      Fragment
        Clause
          Predicate
            verb: נְכַחֵד we will hide
            verb: נִכְחַד it is hidden <status="alternative revocalization"
            adverb: לֹא not
            Adverbial
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: מִ from
                Object
                  Nominal <gloss="their children">
                    ConstructChain 
                      noun: בְּנֵי children
                      suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
                  Adjectival
                    PrepositionalPhrase
                      Preposition
                        preposition: לְ in
                      Object
                        noun: דוֹר generation
                        adjective: אַחֲרוֹן latest
            Object
              Nominal
                noun: <status="elided">
                RelativeClause
                  RelativeParticle
                    particle: אֲשֶׁר the things which
                  ClauseCluster
                    Clause
                      Predicate
                        verb: שָׁמַעְנוּ we heard
                        Object <located="relative clause head">
                    Conjunction
                      conjunction: וַ and
                    Clause
                      Predicate
                        verb: נֵּדָע we learned
                        Object
                          suffix-pronoun: ֵם them
                    Conjunction
                      conjunction: וַ and
                    Clause
                      Subject
                        Nominal <gloss="our ancestors">
                          ConstructChain 
                            noun: אֲבוֹתֵי ancestors
                            suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
                      Predicate
                        verb: סִפְּרוּ told
                        Adverbial
                          PrepositionalPhrase
                            Preposition
                              preposition: לָ to 
                            Object
                              suffix-pronoun: נוּ us
            Adverbial
              Clause
                Predicate
                  verb-participle: מְסַפְּרִים proclaiming
                  Adverbial <status="alternative">
                    PrepositionalPhrase
                      Preposition
                        preposition: לְ to
                      Object
                        noun: דוֹר generation
                        adjective: אַחֲרוֹן next
                  Object
                    Nominal
                      ConstructChain
                        noun: תְּהִלּוֹת praiseworthy deeds
                        noun: יְהוָה YHWH
                    Conjunction
                      conjunction: וֶ and 
                    Nominal <gloss="his power">
                      ConstructChain 
                        noun: עֱזוּז power
                        suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
                    Conjunction
                      conjunction: וְ and
                    Nominal <gloss="his wonderful deeds which he has accomplished">
                      ConstructChain
                        Nominal 
                          noun: נִפְלְאוֹתָי wonderful deeds
                          RelativeClause
                            RelativeParticle
                              particle: אֲשֶׁר which
                            Clause
                              Predicate  
                                verb: עָשָׂה he has accomplished
                        suffix-pronoun: ו him

Copy to display elsewhere 

 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-3-4-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for Vv. 3-4

For our preferred headless relative clause of v. 3 as subordinate to the main clause in v. 4a, see the NET: "What we have heard and learned—that which our ancestors have told us—we will not hide from their descendants" (cf. DHH, SG21, TOB and the German versions; cf. Delitzsch 1871, 356), as well as the LXX.[1] This syntax has also been preferred in light of the person shift from first singular to the body of the psalms "puzzling problems" from this verse onwards, recounted in the first plural.

The alternative revocalized niphal represents the LXX's passive, "It was not hidden from their children"; cf. the REB).[2]

The alternative placement of לְד֥וֹר אַחֲר֗וֹן follows translations understanding the phrase to belong to the following participial clause (as most English versions, and the Syr., with its finite verb: "so that we might not hide them from their children, but relate to another generation..."; Taylor 2020, 313).[3] The preferred reading, however, is evident in the Douay-Rheims translation of the Vulgate: "They have not been hidden from their children, in another generation,"[4] and the poetic line division of the LXX, as explicit in Sinaiticus and followed by Rahlfs. For other instances of participles functioning as predicative complements, as מְסַפְּרִים here, see also Judges 19:22; 1 Samuel 17:19.

Other notes for vv. 3-4

Note for V. 3a

Associate with vv-3-4-None

Another possibility is to read אֲשֶׁ֣ר as a headless relative particle (as the preferred interpretation below), though with וַנֵּדָעֵ֑ם as the main clause. Such is found in the Syr. ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܫܡܥܢ ܝܕܥܢ ܐܢܝܢ ("we know those things that we have heard," Taylor 2020, 313), and would result in a hanging topic left-dislocation of the relativized content, in light of the waw on וַנֵּדָעֵ֑ם consistently attested in Hebrew manuscripts. This is not impossible, but the relative content containing all of v. 3 has been preferred (see below).

Lexical Notes

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Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 4

v. 4 תְּהִלּ֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה – As indicated by the gloss "praiseworthy deeds" (SDBH), YHWH is the agent of these deeds, rather than the recipient of praise, as made clear by the following phrases וֶעֱזוּז֥וֹ וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָֽׂה.

Verbal Notes

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Textual Notes

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Add Exegetical Note
  1. ↑ The LXX reads φθέγξομαι προβλήματα ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς. ὅσα ἠκούσαμεν καὶ ἔγνωμεν αὐτὰ "I will utter problems from of old. That which we heard, and we knew them..." (= Gall.).
  2. ↑ οὐκ ἐκρύβη ἀπὸ τῶν τέκνων αὐτῶν.
  3. ↑ ܕܠܐ ܢܟܣܐ ܡܢ ܒܢܝ̈ܗܘܢ ܐܠܐ ܠܕܪܐ ܐܚܪܝܐ ܢܫܬܥܐ.
  4. ↑ non sunt occultata a filiis eorum in generationem alteram.