Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/17-19
vv. 17-19 - Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 17-19a]
Fragment
particle: וַ But
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate <gloss="they sinned against him again and rebelled against the Most high again in the desert">
verb: יּוֹסִיפוּ they repeated
adverb: עוֹד again
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: חֲטֹא sin
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל against
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: מְרוֹת rebel against
Object
noun: עֶלְיוֹן the Most High
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: צִּיָּה desert
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְנַסּוּ they put to the test
Object
noun: אֵל God
Adverbial <gloss="in their heart">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בִּ in
Object
ConstructChain
noun: לְבָב heart
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לִ by
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: שְׁאָל asking for
Object
noun: אֹכֶל food
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their throat">
noun: נַפְשׁ throat
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְדַבְּרוּ they spoke
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בֵּ against
Object
noun: אלֹהִים God
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָמְרוּ they said
Fragment
particle: הֲ not?
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: אֵל God
Predicate
verb: יוּכַל is able
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: עֲרֹךְ prepare
Object
noun: שֻׁלְחָן a table
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: מִּדְבָּר wilderness
DiscourseUnit [vv. 17-19a]
Fragment
particle: וַ But
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate <gloss="they sinned against him again and rebelled against the Most high again in the desert">
verb: יּוֹסִיפוּ they repeated
adverb: עוֹד again
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: חֲטֹא sin
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: ל against
Object
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: מְרוֹת rebel against
Object
noun: עֶלְיוֹן the Most High
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: צִּיָּה desert
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְנַסּוּ they put to the test
Object
noun: אֵל God
Adverbial <gloss="in their heart">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בִּ in
Object
ConstructChain
noun: לְבָב heart
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לִ by
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: שְׁאָל asking for
Object
noun: אֹכֶל food
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לְ for
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their throat">
noun: נַפְשׁ throat
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְדַבְּרוּ they spoke
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בֵּ against
Object
noun: אלֹהִים God
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: אָמְרוּ they said
Fragment
particle: הֲ not?
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: אֵל God
Predicate
verb: יוּכַל is able
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לַ to
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: עֲרֹךְ prepare
Object
noun: שֻׁלְחָן a table
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: מִּדְבָּר wilderness
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-17-19-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 17
v. 17 – The LXX's finite "they provoked the Most High in the waterless place" (παρεπίκραναν τὸν ὕψιστον ἐν ἀνύδρῳ) for the MT's infinitive לַֽמְר֥וֹת "to rebel" is likely stylistic, as there is no Hebrew manuscript evidence for the finite מָרוּ.
Lexical Notes
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Phrase-Level
Note for v. 17
v. 17 בַּצִּיָּֽה – See the note on בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר in v. 15.
Note for v. 18
v. 18 – While בִּלְבָבָ֑ם could be understood as "in secret" or the like (so Jenni 1992, 202), the following co-text makes this improbable. Thus, "mind, attention" (SDBH; NJPS) and even "intentions" (van der Merwe 2023) has been preferred, though the בְּ can still be understood as locative, i.e., in their thoughts.
Note for v. 18
v. 18 – For lamed infinitive constructs such as לִֽשְׁאָל functioning as explicative > specification, that is, "by doing x," see BHRG §39.11.3.b.ii (cf. Exod 20:8; Judg 9:56; 1 Kgs 3:3; Ps 119:9).
Note for v. 19
v. 19 – The function of בְּ in וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים is one of social contact (BHRG §39.6.1.b.iii), while both וְ֭אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָ֣ה בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב and אַ֝֗ף עָלָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל (see v. 21) are material contact (BHRG §39.6.1.b.i), though all malefactive, "against."
Verbal Notes
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Note for v. 19
This is a unique qatal form of the elaborative quotative frame, most prototypically expressed by the wayyiqtol (see, e.g., Judg 11:30; 1 Sam 25:5: 1 Kgs 18:24; 21:4; 2 Kgs 1:2). In any case, its adverbial function as ""co-subordinate"" is quite clear. The ancient versions vary between providing a conjunction ""spoke... and said"" (LXX, Syr.) and rendering one verb of speech as adverbial (e.g., Hebr.: et loquentes contra Deum dicebant ""and speaking against God, they would say..."").
Textual Notes
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