Psalm 78/Diagrams/Placeholders/15

v. 15 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

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SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 15]
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יְבַקַּע he would split
          Object
            noun: צֻרִים rocks
          Adverbial 
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ in
              Object
                article: ה the <status="elided">
                noun: מִּדְבָּר wilderness
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וַ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַּשְׁקְ provide drinking water
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כִּ as
              Object
                Nominal
                  noun: תְהֹמוֹת oceans >> from oceans                 
                  adjective: רַבָּה abundant <status="alternative">
          Adverbial <status="alternative">
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בִּ in <status="emendation">
              Object
                Nominal
                  noun: תְהֹמוֹת oceans
          adverb: רַבָּה abundantly 
  

Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 15]
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יְבַקַּע he would split
          Object
            noun: צֻרִים rocks
          Adverbial 
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ in
              Object
                article: ה the <status="elided">
                noun: מִּדְבָּר wilderness
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וַ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַּשְׁקְ provide drinking water
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כִּ as
              Object
                Nominal
                  noun: תְהֹמוֹת oceans >> from oceans                 
                  adjective: רַבָּה abundant <status="alternative">
          Adverbial <status="alternative">
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בִּ in <status="emendation">
              Object
                Nominal
                  noun: תְהֹמוֹת oceans
          adverb: רַבָּה abundantly

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-15-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 15

v. 15 – For the preferred adverbial reading of רַבָּה as "much, a lot" ➞ "abundantly" cf. Psalms 62:3 and possibly 89:8 (cf. BDB 913; DCH vol. 7, 385; GKC §132h n.2; CEB, DHH, ELB, ESV, EÜ, Luther 2017, NASB, SG21, ZÜR).

The alternative understands רַבָּֽה as modifying כִּתְהֹמ֥וֹת, though the number disagreement is difficult, as there is no Hebrew manuscript evidence for the reading רַבּוֹת here. See the ancient versions for such an interpretation (cf. KJV, NJPS, RVC, TOB). For the alternative בִּתְהֹמוֹת for the MT's כִּתְהֹמ֥וֹת see the Hebrew manuscripts in VTH vol, 4: 374 and de-Rossi, vol. 4: 53. For the adverbial reading of the latter "as from among the abyss," see the LXX, Jerome's Hebr. and the Syr.

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 15

v. 15 – Due to the lack of object suffix on וַ֝יַּ֗שְׁקְ, instead of "give [them] water to drink," the simpler gloss "provide drinking water" has been preferred (cf. "serve drinks" [DCH, 548] for the similarly object-less וְהַשְׁקוֹת֙ in Esth 1:7). Notice the variation between Jerome's Hebr. potum dedit "he gave a drink" and the supplied object of the LXX and Syr.

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 15

v. 15 – The article in בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר is probably identifiable to the reader as activated by the Exodus story, though it could also be generic class, as possibly the case of בַּצִּיָּֽה in v. 17.

Verbal Notes

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Note for v. 15

Associate with v-15-None

For the habitual reading of the yiqtol יְבַקַּ֣ע, see the TOB's ""Il fendait des rochers au désert."" Another possibility is modality of ability, since the agency of the splitting of the rock is unambiguously Moses in both Exodus 17 and Numbers 20, thus ""he could split rocks."" Modality of ability is picked up once again from הֲיוּכַל onwards in v. 19. A final possible interpretation is simply a prederite yiqtol, ""he split"" (see also vv. 26, 45, 47, 49, 50; cf. Ḥakham 1979, 45). Our preferred reading is the habitual aspect, supported by the plural ""rocks"" (cf. the use of piel, instead of qal, as in v. 13; Ḥakham 1979, 45; Penney 2023). Furthermore, as noted by Campbell (1979, 64-65), the splitting rocks for water is here presented as a positive event among the פֶלֶא which YHWH עָשָׂה (v. 12; cf. also v. 20's positive reflection), ""a gracious gift,"" so rhetorically and literarily independent from the single events of Exodus 17 or Numbers 20. In this case, ""The time interval during which the eventualities occur and their time reference relative to the present (speech time) are inferrable from the context"" (Khan, forthcoming, long yiqṭol, 3).

Textual Notes

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