Psalm 78/Diagrams/4
vv. 30-31
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DiscourseUnit [vv. 30-31] Fragment Clause Predicate verb: זָרוּ they turned adverb: לֹא not Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: מִ from Object ConstructChain <gloss="the object of their craving"> noun: תַּאֲוָת craving suffix-pronoun: ָם them Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Subject ConstructChain <gloss="their food"> noun: אָכְל food suffix-pronoun: ָם them Predicate verb: was adverb: עוֹד still Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בְּ in Object ConstructChain <gloss="their mouth"> noun: פִי mouth suffix-pronoun: הֶם them Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Subject ConstructChain noun: אַף anger noun: אֱלֹהִים God Predicate verb: עָלָה rose Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בָ against Object suffix-pronoun: הֶם them Conjunction conjunction: וַ and Clause Predicate verb: יַּהֲרֹג he killed Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בְּ some of Object ConstructChain <gloss="their strong men"> noun: מִשְׁמַנֵּי strong men suffix-pronoun: הֶם them Conjunction conjunction: וּ and Clause Predicate verb: הִכְרִיעַ struck down Object ConstructChain noun: בַחוּרֵי young men noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
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Grammar Notes
Note for v. 31
v. 31b – For the hiphil כרע as "strike down," (SDBH) rather than simply "make bow down," see the contexts of Pss 17:13, 18:40, and the previous clause here.
Lexical Notes
Note for V. 30
v. 30 – The verb זָר֥וּ could be understood a number of ways. The two primary senses are "become estranged" and "turn away," both of which occur with the preposition מִן of separation as here. The first sense may be intended by the Jerome's (quite unique) take: non indiguerunt de cupiditate sua "they were not in need of/lacking their desire." These two interpretations are similar, however, and supported by the following clause: ע֝֗וֹד אָכְלָ֥ם בְּפִיהֶֽם "their food was still in their mouth." [1]
Note for v. 31
v. 31 – Although the intended sense is most likely "strong men," in parallel with the "young men of Israel" (בַחוּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל) in the following clause (and the context of the parallel passage in Isa 10:16), there may be some wordplay with the root שֶׁמֶן as "fat, stout," in light of their craving for food in the previous co-text.
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 31
v. 30 – For the construction זור מן, see the lexical notes.
Note for v. 31
v. 31 – The בְּ-constituent following הרג is has a partitive function, i.e., "he killed some of them" (BHRG §39.1.b.iv; cf. Bekins 2014, 149 n. 19; Sjörs forthcoming, Prepositional Complements).[2]
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v. 32
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SimpleGrammar DiscourseUnit [v. 32] Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb: חָטְאוּ they sinned adverb: עוֹד again Adverbial <gloss="in spite of all this"> PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בְּ with Object Nominal quantifier: כָל all noun: זֹאת this Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: הֶאֱמִינוּ they believed adverb: לֹא not Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בְּ in Object ConstructChain <gloss="his wonderful deeds"> verb-participle: נִפְלְאוֹתָי wonderful deeds suffix-pronoun: ו him
DiscourseUnit [v. 32] Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb: חָטְאוּ they sinned adverb: עוֹד again Adverbial <gloss="in spite of all this"> PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בְּ with Object Nominal quantifier: כָל all noun: זֹאת this Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: הֶאֱמִינוּ they believed adverb: לֹא not Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בְּ in Object ConstructChain <gloss="his wonderful deeds"> verb-participle: נִפְלְאוֹתָי wonderful deeds suffix-pronoun: ו him
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Grammar Notes
Note for V. 32
v. 32 – The Syr. reads ע֑וֹד with the second clause of this verse (ܘܬܘܒ ܠܐ ܗܝܡܢܘ ܒܬܕܡܪ̈ܬܗ "and again they did not believe in his works"), though this is unlikely both because of the atnakh accent on ע֑וֹד (as a strong disjunctive) and the following waw on וְלֹֽא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ.
Lexical Notes
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 32
v. 32 – For other instances of בכל זאת as "in spite of this" (Jenni 1992, 359), as the construction has come to be used in Modern Hebrew, cf. Isa 5:25, 9:11, 16:20, Hos 7:10, Job 1:22, 2:10. (For this reading, see the CSB, CEB, DHH, ELB, ESV, NABRE, NASB, NET, NIV, REB, RVC, SG21, TOB, ZÜR.)
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v. 33
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SimpleGrammar DiscourseUnit [v. 33] Fragment particle: וַ and Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate <gloss="he made them spend their days in vain"> verb: יְכַל he finished Object ConstructChain noun: יְמֵי days suffix-pronoun: הֶם them Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בַּ in Object Nominal article: ה the <status="elided"> suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity Adverbial <status="alternative"> PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: כַּ as <status="alternative emendation"> Object Nominal article: ה the <status="elided"> suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity Conjunction conjunction: וּ and Clause Predicate verb: כִּלָּה he made them spend <status="elided"> Object ConstructChain <gloss="their years"> noun: שְׁנוֹת years suffix-pronoun: ָם them Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בַּ in Object Nominal article: ה the <status="elided"> suffix-pronoun: בֶּהָלָה anguish
DiscourseUnit [v. 33] Fragment particle: וַ and Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate <gloss="he made them spend their days in vain"> verb: יְכַל he finished Object ConstructChain noun: יְמֵי days suffix-pronoun: הֶם them Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בַּ in Object Nominal article: ה the <status="elided"> suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity Adverbial <status="alternative"> PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: כַּ as <status="alternative emendation"> Object Nominal article: ה the <status="elided"> suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity Conjunction conjunction: וּ and Clause Predicate verb: כִּלָּה he made them spend <status="elided"> Object ConstructChain <gloss="their years"> noun: שְׁנוֹת years suffix-pronoun: ָם them Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בַּ in Object Nominal article: ה the <status="elided"> suffix-pronoun: בֶּהָלָה anguish
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Grammar Notes
Note for v. 33
v. 33 – For the alternative PP כַּהֶבֶל in place of the MT's בַּהֶ֥בֶל, see Aquila's "and he finished their days like vapor."[3] (Cf. the ESV's "So he made their days vanish like a breath").
There is no known Hebrew manuscript evidence for the LXX's ἐξέλιπον (וַיִּכְלוּ) in place of the MT's piel singular וַיְכַל.[4]
Lexical Notes
Note for V. 33
v. 33 – For the grammatical difficulties (according to the most expected sense of piel כלה) and the emendation following Aquila, see the grammar notes. Although such a reading as the ESV's "So he made their days vanish like a breath, and their years in terror" is plausible in light of v. 31, the vanity and anguish mentioned here, however, probably point to the generation of wandering in the desert. The lexical connection between הֲרָגָ֥ם (v. 34) and וַֽ֭יַּהֲרֹג (v. 31) indicates that v. 33 should be read with v. 32.
Phrase-Level
Note for V. 33
v. 33 – The article on both בַּהֶ֥בֶל and בַּבֶּהָלָֽה is one of genericity, as illustrated by the French of the NBS: "Il mit fin à leurs jours dans la futilité, à leurs années dans l'épouvante." For the metaphorical locative reading of בְּ, rather than instrument, see the grammar notes.
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v. 34
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SimpleGrammar DiscourseUnit [v. 34] Fragment particle: וּ then Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb: דְרָשׁוּ they sought Object suffix-pronoun: הוּ him Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate <gloss="looked for God again"> Predicate verb: שָׁבוּ returned Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Predicate verb: שִׁחֲרוּ looked for Object noun: אֵל God Adverbial <status="alternative emendation"> PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: אֵל for Object suffix-pronoun: ָיו him SubordinateClause Conjunction conjunction: אִם though >> when Clause Predicate verb: הֲרָג he killed Object suffix-pronoun: ָם them
DiscourseUnit [v. 34] Fragment particle: וּ then Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb: דְרָשׁוּ they sought Object suffix-pronoun: הוּ him Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate <gloss="looked for God again"> Predicate verb: שָׁבוּ returned Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Predicate verb: שִׁחֲרוּ looked for Object noun: אֵל God Adverbial <status="alternative emendation"> PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: אֵל for Object suffix-pronoun: ָיו him SubordinateClause Conjunction conjunction: אִם though >> when Clause Predicate verb: הֲרָג he killed Object suffix-pronoun: ָם them
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Grammar Notes
Note for V. 34
v. 34 – For the compound predicate interpretation, see the discussion of the multi-verb predication at phrase level (as attested, e.g., in the NJPS: "and sought God once again" cf. LUT, NABRE, NIV, RVC). For the waw-coordination in a serial verb construction, see further, the note at v. 6. Here, וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ contributes the aspectual value of habituality/repetition (Aikhenvald 2018, 6). cf. the similar case in v. 41. Alternatively, וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ could be considered its own event, i.e., turning back (as the ancient versions and the ESV's " they repented and sought God earnestly").
For the alternative preposition אֵלָיו in place of the the MT's object אֵל "God," see the Syr. ܠܘܬܗ "to him" (cf. the NIV's "they eagerly turned to him again").
Lexical Notes
Note for V. 34
v. 34 – For the temporal interpretation of אִם, see the versions' "when" (ὅταν, בזמן ד and ܡܐ ܕ; cf. BDB, who also cite a similar function in Gen 38:9; Num 21:9; Judg 6:3 and Amos 7:2).
Phrase-Level
Note for V. 34
v. 34 – For the interpretation of the pseudo-coordination of וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל as mono-eventive, see the NJPS's "and [they] sought God once again" (cf. Luther 2017, NABRE, NIV, RVC).
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v. 35
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SimpleGrammar DiscourseUnit [v. 35] Fragment particle: וַ and Fragment Clause Predicate verb: יִּזְכְּרוּ they remembered Object ComplementClause Conjunction conjunction: כִּי that ClauseCluster Clause Subject noun: אֱלֹהִים God Predicate verb: was Complement ConstructChain <gloss="their rock"> noun: צוּר rock suffix-pronoun: ָם them Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Subject Apposition noun: אֵל God noun: עֶלְיוֹן Most High Predicate verb: was Complement ConstructChain <gloss="their redeemer"> verb-participle: גֹּאֲל redeemer suffix-pronoun: ָם them
DiscourseUnit [v. 35] Fragment particle: וַ and Fragment Clause Predicate verb: יִּזְכְּרוּ they remembered Object ComplementClause Conjunction conjunction: כִּי that ClauseCluster Clause Subject noun: אֱלֹהִים God Predicate verb: was Complement ConstructChain <gloss="their rock"> noun: צוּר rock suffix-pronoun: ָם them Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Subject Apposition noun: אֵל God noun: עֶלְיוֹן Most High Predicate verb: was Complement ConstructChain <gloss="their redeemer"> verb-participle: גֹּאֲל redeemer suffix-pronoun: ָם them
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v. 36
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SimpleGrammar DiscourseUnit [v. 36] Fragment particle: וַ and Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb: יְפַתּוּ they had tried to deceive Object suffix-pronoun: הוּ him Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בְּ with Object ConstructChain <gloss="their mouth"> noun: פִי mouth suffix-pronoun: הֶם them Conjunction conjunction: וּ and Clause Predicate verb: יְכַזְּבוּ they used to lie Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: ל to Object suffix-pronoun: וֹ him Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בִ with Object ConstructChain <gloss="their tongue"> noun: לְשׁוֹנ tongue suffix-pronoun: ָם them
DiscourseUnit [v. 36] Fragment particle: וַ and Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb: יְפַתּוּ they had tried to deceive Object suffix-pronoun: הוּ him Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בְּ with Object ConstructChain <gloss="their mouth"> noun: פִי mouth suffix-pronoun: הֶם them Conjunction conjunction: וּ and Clause Predicate verb: יְכַזְּבוּ they used to lie Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: ל to Object suffix-pronoun: וֹ him Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בִ with Object ConstructChain <gloss="their tongue"> noun: לְשׁוֹנ tongue suffix-pronoun: ָם them
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Grammar Notes
Note for V. 36
v. 36 – There is a LXX tradition that reads ἠπάτησαν "they deceived" as ἠγάπησαν "they loved" (see Field, 226; Rahlfs' [1931, 215] apparatus; cf. Gall. dilexerunt and Origen's "Homily 5 on Psalm 77" [2020, 350]), which is most certainly an inner-Greek corruption. Despite being textually unlikely, it is compatible with our preferred view of this verse shedding light on the nature of the previous verse's confession: perhaps the loving YHWH was with words (בְּפִיהֶ֑ם) only.
Lexical Notes
Note for v. 36
v. 36 – We have preferred to gloss וַיְפַתּ֥וּהוּ as try to deceive as shedding light on the nature of the people's confession in v. 35, since YHWH was not, in fact, deceived (cf. HALOT's [985] attempt to persuade and DCH's [798] attempt to deceive).
Phrase-Level
Note for V. 36
v. 36 – For the reading of לוֹ as the recipient of the lie (יְכַזְּבוּ) see Jenni (2000, 143; cf. also Ezek 13:19; Ps 89:36). The other possibility is a לְ of specification, "lie about," which is not preferred in light of the other passages just cited. (For a possible specificational reading with כזב, see Job 34:6: עַל־מִשְׁפָּטִ֥י אֲכַזֵּ֑ב).
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v. 37
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SimpleGrammar DiscourseUnit [v. 37] Fragment particle: וְ and Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Subject ConstructChain <gloss="their heart"> noun: לִבּ heart suffix-pronoun: ָם them Predicate verb: had not been adverb: לֹא not Complement verb-participle: נָכוֹן was steadfast >> committed Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: עִמּ with >> to Object suffix-pronoun: וֹ him Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: נֶאֶמְנוּ they were faithful adverb: לֹא not Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בִּ to Object ConstructChain <gloss="his covenant"> noun: בְרִית covenant suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
DiscourseUnit [v. 37] Fragment particle: וְ and Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Subject ConstructChain <gloss="their heart"> noun: לִבּ heart suffix-pronoun: ָם them Predicate verb: had not been adverb: לֹא not Complement verb-participle: נָכוֹן was steadfast >> committed Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: עִמּ with >> to Object suffix-pronoun: וֹ him Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: נֶאֶמְנוּ they were faithful adverb: לֹא not Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בִּ to Object ConstructChain <gloss="his covenant"> noun: בְרִית covenant suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
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Phrase-Level
Note for V. 37
v. 37 – For עִם indicating "devotion" (BHRG §39.21.2.d) or "steadfastness" when accompanying niphal כון, see also Ps 89:22.
Note for V. 37
v. 37 – For the otherwise unattested niphal אמן with בְּ in the Bible, see Ben Sira (B) 46:15 וגם בדברו נאמן רועה "And also to his word a shepherd is faithful."
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v. 38
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SimpleGrammar DiscourseUnit [v. 38] Fragment particle: וְ but Fragment Clause Subject pronoun: הוּא he Predicate verb: is Complement Nominal adjective: רַחוּם compassionate Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb: יְכַפֵּר he forgives Object noun: עָוֺן iniquity Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: יַשְׁחִית he destroys adverb: לֹא not Fragment particle: וְ and Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate <gloss="he repeatedly turned back his anger"> verb: הִרְבָּה he made numerous Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: לְ to Object Clause Predicate verb-infinitive: הָשִׁיב turn back Object ConstructChain noun: אַפּ anger suffix-pronoun: וֹ him Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: יָעִיר he would stir up adverb: לֹא not Object ConstructChain <gloss="all his wrath"> Nominal quantifier: כָּל all noun: חֲמָת wrath suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
DiscourseUnit [v. 38] Fragment particle: וְ but Fragment Clause Subject pronoun: הוּא he Predicate verb: is Complement Nominal adjective: רַחוּם compassionate Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb: יְכַפֵּר he forgives Object noun: עָוֺן iniquity Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: יַשְׁחִית he destroys adverb: לֹא not Fragment particle: וְ and Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate <gloss="he repeatedly turned back his anger"> verb: הִרְבָּה he made numerous Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: לְ to Object Clause Predicate verb-infinitive: הָשִׁיב turn back Object ConstructChain noun: אַפּ anger suffix-pronoun: וֹ him Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: יָעִיר he would stir up adverb: לֹא not Object ConstructChain <gloss="all his wrath"> Nominal quantifier: כָּל all noun: חֲמָת wrath suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-38-None }}
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Phrase-Level
Note for V. 38
v. 38 – For other instances of hiphil רבה followed by an infinitive construct for repeated action see also Isa 23:16 and Amos 4:4 (see, e.g., the NJPS's "time and again"; cf. also CEB, CSB, ESV, EÜ, KJV, Luther 2017 NASB, NET, NIV, TOB).
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v. 39
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SimpleGrammar DiscourseUnit [v. 39] Fragment particle: וַ and Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb: יִּזְכֹּר he remembered Object ComplementClause Conjunction conjunction: כִּי that Clause Subject pronoun: הֵמָּה they Predicate Predicate verb: were Complement Apposition noun: בָשָׂר flesh >> mortal Nominal noun: רוּחַ a breeze Adjectival ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb-participle: הוֹלֵךְ going Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: יָשׁוּב it will return adverb: לֹא not Conjunction conjunction: Predicate <status="alternative"> Complement noun: רוּחַ a breeze Adjectival ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb-participle: הוֹלֵךְ going Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: יָשׁוּב it will return adverb: לֹא not
DiscourseUnit [v. 39] Fragment particle: וַ and Fragment ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb: יִּזְכֹּר he remembered Object ComplementClause Conjunction conjunction: כִּי that Clause Subject pronoun: הֵמָּה they Predicate Predicate verb: were Complement Apposition noun: בָשָׂר flesh >> mortal Nominal noun: רוּחַ a breeze Adjectival ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb-participle: הוֹלֵךְ going Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: יָשׁוּב it will return adverb: לֹא not Conjunction conjunction: Predicate <status="alternative"> Complement noun: רוּחַ a breeze Adjectival ClauseCluster Clause Predicate verb-participle: הוֹלֵךְ going Conjunction conjunction: וְ and Clause Predicate verb: יָשׁוּב it will return adverb: לֹא not
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-39-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 39
v. 39 – The appositional reading has been preferred, as reflected in the ancient versions and most modern versions. A minority position is the repetition of the entire predicate, as reflected in the DHH: Dios se acordó de que eran simples hombres; de que eran como el viento, que se va y no vuelve ("God remembered that they were simply men that they were like the wind, which goes and does not return").
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v. 40
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SimpleGrammar DiscourseUnit [v. 40] Fragment Clause Predicate verb: יַמְרוּ they rebelled against Object suffix-pronoun: הוּ him Adverbial <gloss="how often"> PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: כַּ as Object pronoun: מָּה what Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בַ in Object article: ה the <status="elided"> noun: מִּדְבָּר wilderness Fragment Clause Predicate verb: יַעֲצִיבוּ they grieved Object pronoun: הוּ him Adverbial <status="elided"> PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="how often"> Preposition preposition: כַּ as Object pronoun: מָּה what Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בִּ in Object noun: ישִׁימוֹן the desert
DiscourseUnit [v. 40] Fragment Clause Predicate verb: יַמְרוּ they rebelled against Object suffix-pronoun: הוּ him Adverbial <gloss="how often"> PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: כַּ as Object pronoun: מָּה what Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בַ in Object article: ה the <status="elided"> noun: מִּדְבָּר wilderness Fragment Clause Predicate verb: יַעֲצִיבוּ they grieved Object pronoun: הוּ him Adverbial <status="elided"> PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="how often"> Preposition preposition: כַּ as Object pronoun: מָּה what Adverbial PrepositionalPhrase Preposition preposition: בִּ in Object noun: ישִׁימוֹן the desert
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-40-None }}
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Lexical Notes
Note for V. 40
v. 40 – The name יְשִׁימוֹן, belonging to a location (see 1 Sam 23:19, 24; 26:1, 3), was also used as a generic appellation of desert places (cf. Num 21:20; 23:28; Deut 32:10; Ps 68:8; 107:4).[5] See especially Ps 106:14 for thematic parallels.
Phrase-Level
Note for V. 40
v. 40 – For כַּמָּה as "how often," see also Job 21:17 (cf. Jerome's quotiens in Hebr. here and Vul. of Job 21:17).
Note for V. 40
v. 40 – When יְשִׁימוֹן appears in parallel with articular מִדְבָּר it never seems to take the article (see also Isa 43:19, 20; Ps 106:14; 107:4), this parallel perhaps being sufficient to indicate its function as a generic desert place and not a proper name. Whether a particular locale or description of a desolate place (as understood here), it is quite unambiguously derived from the root √ישׁם "be desolate" (cf. Gen 47:19; Ezek 6:6; 12:19; 19:7).
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Appendix
Files
Diagrams
Notes
- Grammar.V. 1.142421
- Grammar.V. 10.856105
- Grammar.V. 11.741627
- Grammar.V. 12.885665
- Grammar.V. 17.600763
- Grammar.V. 2.200143
- Grammar.V. 24.142971
- Grammar.V. 28.567213
- Grammar.V. 28.666161
- Grammar.V. 32.760091
- Grammar.V. 34.837458
- Grammar.V. 36.822732
- Grammar.V. 39.7727
- Grammar.V. 3a.555136
- Grammar.V. 41.706414
- Grammar.V. 49.683964
- Grammar.V. 50.51497
- Grammar.V. 9.179548
- Grammar.V. 9.257459
- Grammar.Vv. 13-14.484033
- Grammar.Vv. 15.425807
- Grammar.Vv. 3-4.239598
- Grammar.Vv. 47-48.833138
- Grammar.Vv. 5-8.672193
- Grammar.v. 12.333926
- Grammar.v. 12.628604
- Grammar.v. 31.624770
- Grammar.v. 33.270054
- Grammar.v. 42.464194
- Grammar.v. 51.975339
- Grammar.v. 54.993969
- Grammar.v. 55.588213
- Grammar.v. 56.855625
- Grammar.v. 60.389634
- Grammar.v. 64.710118
- Grammar.v. 68.327932
- Grammar.v. 69.814644
- Grammar.v. 69.833981
- Grammar.v. 69a.64577
- Grammar.v. 69b.665636
- Grammar.v. 71.289893
- Grammar.v. 72.315425
- Grammar.v. 8.676290
- Grammar.vv. 63-64.711824
- Grammar.vv. 71.447591
- Grammar.vv. 72.9098
- Lexical.V. 13.417473
- Lexical.V. 16.951919
- Lexical.V. 28.690178
- Lexical.V. 29.39767
- Lexical.V. 33.439894
- Lexical.V. 34.227161
- Lexical.V. 40.321522
- Lexical.V. 41.576410
- Lexical.V. 46.253400
- Lexical.V. 47.526706
- Lexical.V. 47.816095
- Lexical.V. 47.870775
- Lexical.V. 48.50141
- Lexical.V. 51.729929
- Lexical.v. 12.715237
- Lexical.v. 15.330857
- Lexical.v. 20.300801
- Lexical.v. 25.480527
- Lexical.v. 31.846026
- Lexical.v. 32.620497
- Lexical.v. 36.655733
- Lexical.v. 49.367959
- Lexical.v. 54.935896
- Lexical.v. 55.605314
- Lexical.v. 57.320703
- Lexical.v. 57.885972
- Lexical.v. 61.391700
- Lexical.v. 64.201697
- Lexical.v. 65.579388
- Lexical.v. 66.240586
- Lexical.v. 67.998731
- Lexical.v. 7.172068
- Lexical.v. 7.568462
- Lexical.v. 8.623278
- Lexical.vv. 21-22.146086
- Lexical.vv. 21-22.547752
- Lexical.vv. 21-22.997862
- Lexical.vv. 67-70.495489
- Phrasal.V. 14.778101
- Phrasal.V. 14.863017
- Phrasal.V. 14.909224
- Phrasal.V. 15.402091
- Phrasal.V. 16.305229
- Phrasal.V. 27.17093
- Phrasal.V. 27.518179
- Phrasal.V. 28.435429
- Phrasal.V. 33.607554
- Phrasal.V. 34.379869
- Phrasal.V. 36.750609
- Phrasal.V. 37.208950
- Phrasal.V. 37.531292
- Phrasal.V. 38.185771
- Phrasal.V. 40.280869
- Phrasal.V. 40.282367
- Phrasal.V. 41.553378
- Phrasal.V. 48.574563
- Phrasal.V. 51.328780
- Phrasal.V. 52.774916
- Phrasal.Vv. 47-48.492276
- Phrasal.v. 1.257490
- Phrasal.v. 1.364985
- Phrasal.v. 1.972397
- Phrasal.v. 17.102829
- Phrasal.v. 18.194438
- Phrasal.v. 18.647429
- Phrasal.v. 18.701760
- Phrasal.v. 19.896591
- Phrasal.v. 21.487450
- Phrasal.v. 23.828593
- Phrasal.v. 25.702859
- Phrasal.v. 31.565370
- Phrasal.v. 31.576392
- Phrasal.v. 32.50711
- Phrasal.v. 4.812844
- Phrasal.v. 49.450759
- Phrasal.v. 49.539766
- Phrasal.v. 49.837046
- Phrasal.v. 53.508578
- Phrasal.v. 54.394670
- Phrasal.v. 54.406757
- Phrasal.v. 55.444873
- Phrasal.v. 56.464655
- Phrasal.v. 59.161082
- Phrasal.v. 6.549203
- Phrasal.v. 61.788735
- Phrasal.v. 62.979755
- Phrasal.v. 65.80060
- Phrasal.v. 66.323089
- Phrasal.v. 67.189623
- Phrasal.v. 68.327781
- Phrasal.v. 7.624387
- Phrasal.v. 71.680895
- Phrasal.v. 8.323896
- Phrasal.v. 8.795349
- Phrasal.v. 9.235459
- Phrasal.vv. 67-70.887990
Approvals
Current Grammar status is not set for version not set. Current Lexical status is not set for version not set.
References
- ↑ Greenstein (1990, 206) has suggested the sense of "be loathsome," as only clearly attested in Job 19:17: ר֭וּחִֽי זָ֣רָה לְאִשְׁתִּ֑י ("My breath is offensive to my wife," NIV). The nominal form in Num 11:20 (זָרָא), could plausibly be related to this root and provide wordplay from the wilderness sickening of the people's gluttony: "You shall not eat just one day, or two days, or five days, or ten days, or twenty days, but a whole month, until it comes out at your nostrils and becomes loathsome to you." Although this intertextual connection and possible word play is interesting, the syntax (particularly the plural verb and preposition מִן) of our present verse requires one of the two, previously discussed, senses.
- ↑ Cf. the Syr. ܘܩܛܠ ܡܢ ܥܬܝܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ "and he killed some of their wealthy" (Taylor 2020, 319).
- ↑ καὶ συνετέλεσεν ὡς ἀτμὸν τὰς ἡμέρας αὐτῶν.
- ↑ Cf. also the Syr. ܓܡܪܘ ܒܣܪܝܩܘܬܐ ܝܘܡ̈ܝܗܘܢ "they ended their days in vanity."
- ↑ In both Num 21:20 and 23:28, the noun has the article (הַיְשִׁימֹן), confirming the general appellation of desert place (see, however, the REB's "overlooking Jeshimon").