Psalm 78/Diagrams/4

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vv. 30-31

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram


Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [vv. 30-31] 
      Fragment
        Clause
          Predicate
            verb: זָרוּ they turned
            adverb: לֹא not
            Adverbial
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: מִ from
                Object
                  ConstructChain <gloss="the object of their craving">
                    noun: תַּאֲוָת craving
                    suffix-pronoun: ָם them
      Fragment
        ClauseCluster
          Clause
            Subject
              ConstructChain <gloss="their food">
                noun: אָכְל food
                suffix-pronoun: ָם them
            Predicate
              verb: was
              adverb: עוֹד still
              Adverbial
                PrepositionalPhrase
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בְּ in
                  Object
                    ConstructChain <gloss="their mouth">
                      noun: פִי mouth
                      suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וְ and
          Clause
            Subject
              ConstructChain 
                noun: אַף anger
                noun: אֱלֹהִים God
            Predicate
              verb: עָלָה rose
              Adverbial
                PrepositionalPhrase
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בָ against
                  Object
                    suffix-pronoun: הֶם them  
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וַ and
          Clause
            Predicate
              verb: יַּהֲרֹג he killed
              Adverbial
                PrepositionalPhrase
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בְּ some of
                  Object
                    ConstructChain <gloss="their strong men">
                      noun: מִשְׁמַנֵּי strong men
                      suffix-pronoun: הֶם them    
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וּ and
          Clause
            Predicate
              verb: הִכְרִיעַ struck down
              Object
                ConstructChain
                  noun: בַחוּרֵי young men
                  noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-30-31-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 31

v. 31b – For the hiphil כרע as "strike down," (SDBH) rather than simply "make bow down," see the contexts of Pss 17:13, 18:40, and the previous clause here.

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 30

v. 30 – The verb זָר֥וּ could be understood a number of ways. The two primary senses are "become estranged" and "turn away," both of which occur with the preposition מִן of separation as here. The first sense may be intended by the Jerome's (quite unique) take: non indiguerunt de cupiditate sua "they were not in need of/lacking their desire." These two interpretations are similar, however, and supported by the following clause: ע֝֗וֹד אָכְלָ֥ם בְּפִיהֶֽם "their food was still in their mouth." [1]


Note for v. 31

v. 31 – Although the intended sense is most likely "strong men," in parallel with the "young men of Israel" (בַחוּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל) in the following clause (and the context of the parallel passage in Isa 10:16), there may be some wordplay with the root שֶׁמֶן as "fat, stout," in light of their craving for food in the previous co-text.

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 31

v. 30 – For the construction זור מן, see the lexical notes.


Note for v. 31

v. 31 – The בְּ-constituent following הרג is has a partitive function, i.e., "he killed some of them" (BHRG §39.1.b.iv; cf. Bekins 2014, 149 n. 19; Sjörs forthcoming, Prepositional Complements).[2]

Verbal Notes

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v. 32

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 32]
      Fragment
        ClauseCluster
          Clause
            Predicate
              verb: חָטְאוּ they sinned
              adverb: עוֹד again
              Adverbial <gloss="in spite of all this">
                PrepositionalPhrase
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בְּ with
                  Object
                    Nominal
                      quantifier: כָל all
                      noun: זֹאת this
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וְ and
          Clause
            Predicate
              verb: הֶאֱמִינוּ they believed
              adverb: לֹא not
              Adverbial
                PrepositionalPhrase
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בְּ in
                  Object
                    ConstructChain <gloss="his wonderful deeds">
                      verb-participle: נִפְלְאוֹתָי wonderful deeds
                      suffix-pronoun: ו him 
  


Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 32]
      Fragment
        ClauseCluster
          Clause
            Predicate
              verb: חָטְאוּ they sinned
              adverb: עוֹד again
              Adverbial <gloss="in spite of all this">
                PrepositionalPhrase
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בְּ with
                  Object
                    Nominal
                      quantifier: כָל all
                      noun: זֹאת this
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וְ and
          Clause
            Predicate
              verb: הֶאֱמִינוּ they believed
              adverb: לֹא not
              Adverbial
                PrepositionalPhrase
                  Preposition
                    preposition: בְּ in
                  Object
                    ConstructChain <gloss="his wonderful deeds">
                      verb-participle: נִפְלְאוֹתָי wonderful deeds
                      suffix-pronoun: ו him

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-32-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 32

v. 32 – The Syr. reads ע֑וֹד with the second clause of this verse (ܘܬܘܒ ܠܐ ܗܝܡܢܘ ܒܬܕܡܪ̈ܬܗ "and again they did not believe in his works"), though this is unlikely both because of the atnakh accent on ע֑וֹד (as a strong disjunctive) and the following waw on וְלֹֽא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ.

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 32

v. 32 – For the construction בְּכָל זֹאת, see the phrase-level notes.

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 32

v. 32 – For other instances of בכל זאת as "in spite of this" (Jenni 1992, 359), as the construction has come to be used in Modern Hebrew, cf. Isa 5:25, 9:11, 16:20, Hos 7:10, Job 1:22, 2:10. (For this reading, see the CSB, CEB, DHH, ELB, ESV, NABRE, NASB, NET, NIV, REB, RVC, SG21, TOB, ZÜR.)

Verbal Notes

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v. 33

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 33]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="he made them spend their days in vain">
          verb: יְכַל he finished
          Object
            ConstructChain
              noun: יְמֵי days
              suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ in
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity
          Adverbial <status="alternative">
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כַּ as <status="alternative emendation">
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וּ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: כִּלָּה he made them spend <status="elided"> 
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="their years">
              noun: שְׁנוֹת years 
              suffix-pronoun: ָם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ in
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: בֶּהָלָה anguish 
  


Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 33]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="he made them spend their days in vain">
          verb: יְכַל he finished
          Object
            ConstructChain
              noun: יְמֵי days
              suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ in
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity
          Adverbial <status="alternative">
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כַּ as <status="alternative emendation">
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: הֶבֶל vanity
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וּ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: כִּלָּה he made them spend <status="elided"> 
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="their years">
              noun: שְׁנוֹת years 
              suffix-pronoun: ָם them
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בַּ in
              Object
                Nominal
                  article: ה the <status="elided"> 
                  suffix-pronoun: בֶּהָלָה anguish

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-33-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 33

v. 33 – For the alternative PP כַּהֶבֶל in place of the MT's בַּהֶ֥בֶל, see Aquila's "and he finished their days like vapor."[3] (Cf. the ESV's "So he made their days vanish like a breath").

There is no known Hebrew manuscript evidence for the LXX's ἐξέλιπον (וַיִּכְלוּ) in place of the MT's piel singular וַיְכַל.[4]

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 33

v. 33 – For the grammatical difficulties (according to the most expected sense of piel כלה) and the emendation following Aquila, see the grammar notes. Although such a reading as the ESV's "So he made their days vanish like a breath, and their years in terror" is plausible in light of v. 31, the vanity and anguish mentioned here, however, probably point to the generation of wandering in the desert. The lexical connection between הֲרָגָ֥ם (v. 34) and וַֽ֭יַּהֲרֹג (v. 31) indicates that v. 33 should be read with v. 32.

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 33

v. 33 – The article on both בַּהֶ֥בֶל and בַּבֶּהָלָֽה is one of genericity, as illustrated by the French of the NBS: "Il mit fin à leurs jours dans la futilité, à leurs années dans l'épouvante." For the metaphorical locative reading of בְּ, rather than instrument, see the grammar notes.

Verbal Notes

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v. 34

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 34]
  Fragment
    particle: וּ then
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: דְרָשׁוּ they sought
          Object 
            suffix-pronoun: הוּ him
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="looked for God again">
          Predicate
          verb: שָׁבוּ returned
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וְ and
          Predicate
            verb: שִׁחֲרוּ looked for
            Object 
              noun: אֵל God
            Adverbial <status="alternative emendation">
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: אֵל for
                Object
                  suffix-pronoun: ָיו him
      SubordinateClause
        Conjunction
          conjunction: אִם though >> when
        Clause
          Predicate
            verb: הֲרָג he killed
            Object 
              suffix-pronoun: ָם them 
  


Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 34]
  Fragment
    particle: וּ then
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: דְרָשׁוּ they sought
          Object 
            suffix-pronoun: הוּ him
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="looked for God again">
          Predicate
          verb: שָׁבוּ returned
          Conjunction
            conjunction: וְ and
          Predicate
            verb: שִׁחֲרוּ looked for
            Object 
              noun: אֵל God
            Adverbial <status="alternative emendation">
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition
                  preposition: אֵל for
                Object
                  suffix-pronoun: ָיו him
      SubordinateClause
        Conjunction
          conjunction: אִם though >> when
        Clause
          Predicate
            verb: הֲרָג he killed
            Object 
              suffix-pronoun: ָם them

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-34-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 34

v. 34 – For the compound predicate interpretation, see the discussion of the multi-verb predication at phrase level (as attested, e.g., in the NJPS: "and sought God once again" cf. LUT, NABRE, NIV, RVC). For the waw-coordination in a serial verb construction, see further, the note at v. 6. Here, וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ contributes the aspectual value of habituality/repetition (Aikhenvald 2018, 6). cf. the similar case in v. 41. Alternatively, וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ could be considered its own event, i.e., turning back (as the ancient versions and the ESV's "  they repented and sought God earnestly").

For the alternative preposition אֵלָיו in place of the the MT's object אֵל "God," see the Syr. ܠܘܬܗ "to him" (cf. the NIV's "they eagerly turned to him again").

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 34

v. 34 – For the temporal interpretation of אִם, see the versions' "when" (ὅταν, בזמן ד and ܡܐ ܕ; cf. BDB, who also cite a similar function in Gen 38:9; Num 21:9; Judg 6:3 and Amos 7:2).

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 34

v. 34 – For the interpretation of the pseudo-coordination of וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל as mono-eventive, see the NJPS's "and [they] sought God once again" (cf. Luther 2017, NABRE, NIV, RVC).

Verbal Notes

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v. 35

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 35]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    Clause
      Predicate
        verb: יִּזְכְּרוּ they remembered
        Object 
          ComplementClause
            Conjunction
              conjunction: כִּי that
            ClauseCluster
              Clause
                Subject
                  noun: אֱלֹהִים God
                Predicate
                  verb: was
                  Complement
                    ConstructChain <gloss="their rock">
                      noun: צוּר rock
                      suffix-pronoun: ָם them
              Conjunction
                conjunction: וְ and
              Clause
                Subject
                  Apposition
                    noun: אֵל God
                    noun: עֶלְיוֹן Most High
                Predicate
                  verb: was
                  Complement
                    ConstructChain <gloss="their redeemer">
                      verb-participle: גֹּאֲל redeemer
                      suffix-pronoun: ָם them 
  


Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 35]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    Clause
      Predicate
        verb: יִּזְכְּרוּ they remembered
        Object 
          ComplementClause
            Conjunction
              conjunction: כִּי that
            ClauseCluster
              Clause
                Subject
                  noun: אֱלֹהִים God
                Predicate
                  verb: was
                  Complement
                    ConstructChain <gloss="their rock">
                      noun: צוּר rock
                      suffix-pronoun: ָם them
              Conjunction
                conjunction: וְ and
              Clause
                Subject
                  Apposition
                    noun: אֵל God
                    noun: עֶלְיוֹן Most High
                Predicate
                  verb: was
                  Complement
                    ConstructChain <gloss="their redeemer">
                      verb-participle: גֹּאֲל redeemer
                      suffix-pronoun: ָם them

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-35-None }}

Grammar Notes

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Lexical Notes

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Phrase-Level

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Verbal Notes

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v. 36

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 36]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יְפַתּוּ they had tried to deceive
          Object 
            suffix-pronoun: הוּ him
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בְּ with
              Object
                ConstructChain <gloss="their mouth">
                  noun: פִי mouth
                  suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וּ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יְכַזְּבוּ they used to lie
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition 
                preposition: ל to
              Object
                suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition 
                preposition: בִ with
              Object
                ConstructChain <gloss="their tongue">
                  noun: לְשׁוֹנ tongue
                  suffix-pronoun: ָם them 
  


Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 36]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יְפַתּוּ they had tried to deceive
          Object 
            suffix-pronoun: הוּ him
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: בְּ with
              Object
                ConstructChain <gloss="their mouth">
                  noun: פִי mouth
                  suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וּ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יְכַזְּבוּ they used to lie
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition 
                preposition: ל to
              Object
                suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition 
                preposition: בִ with
              Object
                ConstructChain <gloss="their tongue">
                  noun: לְשׁוֹנ tongue
                  suffix-pronoun: ָם them

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-36-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 36

v. 36 – There is a LXX tradition that reads ἠπάτησαν "they deceived" as ἠγάπησαν "they loved" (see Field, 226; Rahlfs' [1931, 215] apparatus; cf. Gall. dilexerunt and Origen's "Homily 5 on Psalm 77" [2020, 350]), which is most certainly an inner-Greek corruption. Despite being textually unlikely, it is compatible with our preferred view of this verse shedding light on the nature of the previous verse's confession: perhaps the loving YHWH was with words (בְּפִיהֶ֑ם) only.

Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 36

v. 36 – We have preferred to gloss וַיְפַתּ֥וּהוּ as try to deceive as shedding light on the nature of the people's confession in v. 35, since YHWH was not, in fact, deceived (cf. HALOT's [985] attempt to persuade and DCH's [798] attempt to deceive).

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 36

v. 36 – For the reading of לוֹ as the recipient of the lie (יְכַזְּבוּ) see Jenni (2000, 143; cf. also Ezek 13:19; Ps 89:36). The other possibility is a לְ of specification, "lie about," which is not preferred in light of the other passages just cited. (For a possible specificational reading with כזב, see Job 34:6: עַל־מִשְׁפָּטִ֥י אֲכַזֵּ֑ב).

Verbal Notes

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v. 37

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 37]
  Fragment
    particle: וְ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Subject
          ConstructChain <gloss="their heart">
            noun: לִבּ heart
            suffix-pronoun: ָם them
        Predicate
          verb: had not been
          adverb: לֹא not
          Complement
            verb-participle: נָכוֹן was steadfast >> committed
            Adverbial
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition 
                  preposition: עִמּ with >> to
                Object
                  suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: נֶאֶמְנוּ they were faithful
          adverb: לֹא not
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase 
              Preposition 
                preposition: בִּ to
              Object
                ConstructChain <gloss="his covenant">
                  noun: בְרִית covenant
                  suffix-pronoun: וֹ him 
  


Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 37]
  Fragment
    particle: וְ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Subject
          ConstructChain <gloss="their heart">
            noun: לִבּ heart
            suffix-pronoun: ָם them
        Predicate
          verb: had not been
          adverb: לֹא not
          Complement
            verb-participle: נָכוֹן was steadfast >> committed
            Adverbial
              PrepositionalPhrase
                Preposition 
                  preposition: עִמּ with >> to
                Object
                  suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: נֶאֶמְנוּ they were faithful
          adverb: לֹא not
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase 
              Preposition 
                preposition: בִּ to
              Object
                ConstructChain <gloss="his covenant">
                  noun: בְרִית covenant
                  suffix-pronoun: וֹ him

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-37-None }}

Grammar Notes

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Lexical Notes

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Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 37

v. 37 – For עִם indicating "devotion" (BHRG §39.21.2.d) or "steadfastness" when accompanying niphal כון, see also Ps 89:22.

Other notes for v. 37

Note for V. 37

v. 37 – For the otherwise unattested niphal אמן with בְּ in the Bible, see Ben Sira (B) 46:15 וגם בדברו נאמן רועה "And also to his word a shepherd is faithful."

Verbal Notes

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v. 38

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 38]
  Fragment
    particle: וְ but
  Fragment
    Clause
      Subject
        pronoun: הוּא he
      Predicate
        verb: is
        Complement
          Nominal
            adjective: רַחוּם compassionate
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יְכַפֵּר he forgives
          Object
            noun: עָוֺן iniquity
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַשְׁחִית he destroys
          adverb: לֹא not
  Fragment
    particle: וְ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="he repeatedly turned back his anger">
          verb: הִרְבָּה he made numerous
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: לְ to
              Object
                Clause
                  Predicate
                    verb-infinitive: הָשִׁיב turn back
                    Object
                      ConstructChain
                        noun: אַפּ anger
                        suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יָעִיר he would stir up
          adverb: לֹא not
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="all his wrath">
              Nominal
                quantifier: כָּל all
                noun: חֲמָת wrath
              suffix-pronoun: וֹ him 
  


Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 38]
  Fragment
    particle: וְ but
  Fragment
    Clause
      Subject
        pronoun: הוּא he
      Predicate
        verb: is
        Complement
          Nominal
            adjective: רַחוּם compassionate
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יְכַפֵּר he forgives
          Object
            noun: עָוֺן iniquity
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יַשְׁחִית he destroys
          adverb: לֹא not
  Fragment
    particle: וְ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate <gloss="he repeatedly turned back his anger">
          verb: הִרְבָּה he made numerous
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: לְ to
              Object
                Clause
                  Predicate
                    verb-infinitive: הָשִׁיב turn back
                    Object
                      ConstructChain
                        noun: אַפּ anger
                        suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
      Conjunction
        conjunction: וְ and
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יָעִיר he would stir up
          adverb: לֹא not
          Object
            ConstructChain <gloss="all his wrath">
              Nominal
                quantifier: כָּל all
                noun: חֲמָת wrath
              suffix-pronoun: וֹ him

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-38-None }}

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Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 38

v. 38 – For other instances of hiphil רבה followed by an infinitive construct for repeated action see also Isa 23:16 and Amos 4:4 (see, e.g., the NJPS's "time and again"; cf. also CEB, CSB, ESV, EÜ, KJV, Luther 2017 NASB, NET, NIV, TOB).

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v. 39

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 39]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יִּזְכֹּר he remembered
          Object
            ComplementClause
              Conjunction
                conjunction: כִּי that
              Clause 
                Subject
                  pronoun: הֵמָּה they
                Predicate
                  Predicate
                    verb: were
                    Complement
                      Apposition
                        noun: בָשָׂר flesh >> mortal
                        Nominal
                          noun: רוּחַ a breeze
                          Adjectival
                            ClauseCluster
                              Clause
                                Predicate
                                  verb-participle: הוֹלֵךְ going
                              Conjunction
                                conjunction: וְ and
                              Clause
                                Predicate
                                  verb: יָשׁוּב it will return
                                  adverb: לֹא not
                  Conjunction 
                    conjunction:
                  Predicate <status="alternative">
                    Complement
                      noun: רוּחַ a breeze
                      Adjectival
                        ClauseCluster
                          Clause
                            Predicate
                              verb-participle: הוֹלֵךְ going
                          Conjunction
                            conjunction: וְ and
                          Clause
                            Predicate
                              verb: יָשׁוּב it will return
                              adverb: לֹא not 
  


Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 39]
  Fragment
    particle: וַ and
  Fragment
    ClauseCluster
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: יִּזְכֹּר he remembered
          Object
            ComplementClause
              Conjunction
                conjunction: כִּי that
              Clause 
                Subject
                  pronoun: הֵמָּה they
                Predicate
                  Predicate
                    verb: were
                    Complement
                      Apposition
                        noun: בָשָׂר flesh >> mortal
                        Nominal
                          noun: רוּחַ a breeze
                          Adjectival
                            ClauseCluster
                              Clause
                                Predicate
                                  verb-participle: הוֹלֵךְ going
                              Conjunction
                                conjunction: וְ and
                              Clause
                                Predicate
                                  verb: יָשׁוּב it will return
                                  adverb: לֹא not
                  Conjunction 
                    conjunction:
                  Predicate <status="alternative">
                    Complement
                      noun: רוּחַ a breeze
                      Adjectival
                        ClauseCluster
                          Clause
                            Predicate
                              verb-participle: הוֹלֵךְ going
                          Conjunction
                            conjunction: וְ and
                          Clause
                            Predicate
                              verb: יָשׁוּב it will return
                              adverb: לֹא not

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-39-None }}

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Note for V. 39

v. 39 – The appositional reading has been preferred, as reflected in the ancient versions and most modern versions. A minority position is the repetition of the entire predicate, as reflected in the DHH: Dios se acordó de que eran simples hombres; de que eran como el viento, que se va y no vuelve ("God remembered that they were simply men that they were like the wind, which goes and does not return").

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v. 40

Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 40]
  Fragment
    Clause
      Predicate
        verb: יַמְרוּ they rebelled against
        Object
          suffix-pronoun: הוּ him
        Adverbial <gloss="how often">
          PrepositionalPhrase
            Preposition
              preposition: כַּ as
            Object
              pronoun: מָּה what         
        Adverbial 
          PrepositionalPhrase
            Preposition
              preposition: בַ in
            Object
              article: ה the <status="elided">
              noun: מִּדְבָּר wilderness
  Fragment
    Clause
      Predicate
        verb: יַעֲצִיבוּ they grieved
        Object
          pronoun: הוּ him
        Adverbial <status="elided">
          PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="how often">
            Preposition
              preposition: כַּ as
            Object
              pronoun: מָּה what 
        Adverbial 
          PrepositionalPhrase
            Preposition
              preposition: בִּ in
            Object
              noun: ישִׁימוֹן the desert 
  


Diagram Code

 DiscourseUnit [v. 40]
  Fragment
    Clause
      Predicate
        verb: יַמְרוּ they rebelled against
        Object
          suffix-pronoun: הוּ him
        Adverbial <gloss="how often">
          PrepositionalPhrase
            Preposition
              preposition: כַּ as
            Object
              pronoun: מָּה what         
        Adverbial 
          PrepositionalPhrase
            Preposition
              preposition: בַ in
            Object
              article: ה the <status="elided">
              noun: מִּדְבָּר wilderness
  Fragment
    Clause
      Predicate
        verb: יַעֲצִיבוּ they grieved
        Object
          pronoun: הוּ him
        Adverbial <status="elided">
          PrepositionalPhrase <gloss="how often">
            Preposition
              preposition: כַּ as
            Object
              pronoun: מָּה what 
        Adverbial 
          PrepositionalPhrase
            Preposition
              preposition: בִּ in
            Object
              noun: ישִׁימוֹן the desert

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 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-40-None }}

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Lexical Notes

Lexical Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 40

v. 40 – The name יְשִׁימוֹן, belonging to a location (see 1 Sam 23:19, 24; 26:1, 3), was also used as a generic appellation of desert places (cf. Num 21:20; 23:28; Deut 32:10; Ps 68:8; 107:4).[5] See especially Ps 106:14 for thematic parallels.

Phrase-Level

Phrasal Notes for this diagram

Note for V. 40

v. 40 – For כַּמָּה as "how often," see also Job 21:17 (cf. Jerome's quotiens in Hebr. here and Vul. of Job 21:17).

Other notes for v. 40

Note for V. 40

v. 40 – When יְשִׁימוֹן appears in parallel with articular מִדְבָּר it never seems to take the article (see also Isa 43:19, 20; Ps 106:14; 107:4), this parallel perhaps being sufficient to indicate its function as a generic desert place and not a proper name. Whether a particular locale or description of a desolate place (as understood here), it is quite unambiguously derived from the root √ישׁם "be desolate" (cf. Gen 47:19; Ezek 6:6; 12:19; 19:7).

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