Psalm 78/Diagrams/3
vv. 21-22
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
DiscourseUnit [vv. 21-22]
Fragment
particle: לָכֵן therefore
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
noun: יְהוָה YHWH
Predicate
verb: שָׁמַע heard
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּתְעַבָּר he became furious
Fragment
particle: וְ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
noun: אֵשׁ fire
Predicate
verb: נִשְּׂקָה flared up
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ against
Object
noun: יַעֲקֹב Jacob
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
noun: אַף anger
adjective: גַם also
Predicate
verb: עָלָה rose
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְ against
Object
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
SubordinateClause
Conjunction
conjunction: כִּי because
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: הֶאֱמִינוּ they believed
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בֵּ in
Object
noun: אלֹהִים God
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: בָטְחוּ they trusted
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בִּ in
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his protection >> his provision">
noun: ישׁוּעָת protection
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-21-22-None }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
Note for vv. 21-22
v. 21 – For the function of לָכֵן "to explain the grounds of factual situations," see van der Merwe (2014, 151-152).
Note for vv. 21-22
v. 21 – This is a unique instance of niphal נשׂק "flares up" (SDBH),[1] though see the use of the hiphil in Isa 44:15 and Ezek 39:9 with אַף as the subject in the former instance and a verbal parallel with the more common piel וּבִעֲרוּ "to set ablaze" in the latter.
Note for vv. 21-22
v. 21 – This is a unique instance of niphal נשׂק "flares up" (SDBH),[2] though see the use of the hiphil in Isa 44:15 and Ezek 39:9 with אַף as the subject in the former instance and a verbal parallel with the more common piel וּבִעֲרוּ "to set ablaze" in the latter.
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 21
v. 21 – For the function of בְּ in וְ֭אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָ֣ה בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב and אַ֝֗ף עָלָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל as material contact (BHRG §39.6.1.b.i), see the notes in v. 19 above.
Verbal Notes
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v. 23
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 23]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְצַו he ordered
Object
noun: שְׁחָקִים clouds
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
noun: מָּעַל above
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: פָּתָח he opened
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="heavenly doors">
noun: דַלְתֵי doors
noun: שָׁמַיִם heaven
DiscourseUnit [v. 23]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְצַו he ordered
Object
noun: שְׁחָקִים clouds
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
noun: מָּעַל above
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: פָּתָח he opened
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="heavenly doors">
noun: דַלְתֵי doors
noun: שָׁמַיִם heaven
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-23-None }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
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Phrase-Level
Note for v. 23
v. 23 – It would have been unproblematic to make שָׁמַ֣יִם a definite dependent of the construct chain (see, e.g., Ps 19:7; 79:2; 104:12; 148:4, etc.), so instead of the doors of heaven, שָׁמַ֣יִם here seems to indicate the genus, type of door.
Verbal Notes
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v. 24
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 24]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּמְטֵר he made rain >> he rained down
Object
noun: מָן manna
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לֶ to
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: אֱכֹל eat
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי upon
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לֶ to
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: אֱכֹל eat
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: נָתַן he gave
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="grain from heaven">
noun: דְגַן grain
noun: שָׁמַיִם heaven
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ to
Object
suffix-pronoun: מוֹ them
DiscourseUnit [v. 24]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּמְטֵר he made rain >> he rained down
Object
noun: מָן manna
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לֶ to
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: אֱכֹל eat
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי upon
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Adverbial <status="alternative">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לֶ to
Object
Clause
Subject
Predicate
verb-infinitive: אֱכֹל eat
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: נָתַן he gave
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="grain from heaven">
noun: דְגַן grain
noun: שָׁמַיִם heaven
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ to
Object
suffix-pronoun: מוֹ them
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-24-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 24
v. 24 – The alternative infinitive represents Jerome's Hebr. "and he rained over them manna so that they would eat" (et pluit super eos man ut comederent). The interpretation of "to eat" adjectivally modifying the manna has been preferred, however. Cf. the SG21's il a fait pleuvoir sur eux de la manne comme nourriture (lit. "He made rain over them manna as food").
Lexical Notes
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Phrase-Level
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Verbal Notes
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v. 25
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 25]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: אִישׁ man >> people
Predicate
verb: אָכַל ate
Object
ConstructChain
noun: לֶחֶם bread
noun: אַבִּירִים angels
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: שָׁלַח he sent
Object
noun: צֵידָה provisions
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ to
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Adverbial <gloss="until they were satisfied">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ to
Object
noun: שֹׂבַע satiation
DiscourseUnit [v. 25]
Fragment
Clause
Subject
noun: אִישׁ man >> people
Predicate
verb: אָכַל ate
Object
ConstructChain
noun: לֶחֶם bread
noun: אַבִּירִים angels
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: שָׁלַח he sent
Object
noun: צֵידָה provisions
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ to
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Adverbial <gloss="until they were satisfied">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ to
Object
noun: שֹׂבַע satiation
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-25-None }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
Note for v. 25
v. 25 – This is a unique instance of אַבִּיר as "angel" in the Bible (so, the LXX), though see also Ben Sira (B) 43:5. Cf. also Ps 103:20, where angels are referred to as גִּבֹּ֣רֵי כֹ֭חַ. On the other hand, the precise phrase is most likely also read in Ben Sira (A) 7:31, in the context of contributions to the priests.[3]
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 25
v. 25 – See the lexical notes on לֶ֣חֶם אַ֭בִּירִים, with the result that the construction chain should probably be read as a relationship of possession-possessor. For a similar construction, though indicating the source, see Ps 105:40's (cf. Exod 16:4) לֶחֶם שָׁמַיִם "bread from heaven" and the preceding clause's דְגַן שָׁמַיִם.
Verbal Notes
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v. 26
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 26]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַסַּע he caused to blow
Object
noun: קָדִים an east wind
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
Nominal
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: שָּׁמָיִם sky
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְנַהֵג he drove
Object
noun: תֵימָן a southwind
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his might">
noun: עֻזּ might
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
DiscourseUnit [v. 26]
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַסַּע he caused to blow
Object
noun: קָדִים an east wind
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בַּ in
Object
Nominal
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: שָּׁמָיִם sky
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יְנַהֵג he drove
Object
noun: תֵימָן a southwind
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ with
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his might">
noun: עֻזּ might
suffix-pronoun: וֹ him
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-26-None }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
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Phrase-Level
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Verbal Notes
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v. 27
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 27]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּמְטֵר he made rain
Object
noun: שְׁאֵר meat
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כֶּ as
Object
Nominal
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: עָפָר dust
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי upon
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: הִמְטִיר he made rain <status="elided">
Object
Nominal <gloss="winged birds">
ConstructChain
noun: עוֹף birds
noun: כָּנָף wing
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְ as
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="sand on the seashore">
noun: חוֹל sand
noun: יַמִּים seas
Adverbial <status="elided">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי upon
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
DiscourseUnit [v. 27]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּמְטֵר he made rain
Object
noun: שְׁאֵר meat
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כֶּ as
Object
Nominal
article: ה the <status="elided">
noun: עָפָר dust
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי upon
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: הִמְטִיר he made rain <status="elided">
Object
Nominal <gloss="winged birds">
ConstructChain
noun: עוֹף birds
noun: כָּנָף wing
Adjectival
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: כְ as
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="sand on the seashore">
noun: חוֹל sand
noun: יַמִּים seas
Adverbial <status="elided">
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: עֲלֵי upon
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-27-None }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
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Phrase-Level
Note for V. 27
v. 27 – The construct relationship ח֥וֹל יַ֝מִּ֗ים is one of entity-location, hence the supplied "on" and contextually supplied "shore."
Note for V. 27
v. 27 – The construct relationship ע֣וֹף כָּנָֽף is one of entity-characteristic: bird of wing >> "winged birds" (cf. Gen 1:21).
Verbal Notes
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v. 28
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 28]
Fragment
particle: וּ and
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּפֵּל he made fall
verb: יִּפֹּל fell <status="alternative revocalization">
Object
noun: אוֹתָם them <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּקֶרֶב inside
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his camp">
noun: מַחֲנֵ camp
suffix-pronoun: הוּ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: סָבִיב לְ around
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his tents">
noun: מִשְׁכְּנֹתָי tents
suffix-pronoun: ו him
DiscourseUnit [v. 28]
Fragment
particle: וּ and
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּפֵּל he made fall
verb: יִּפֹּל fell <status="alternative revocalization">
Object
noun: אוֹתָם them <status="elided">
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּקֶרֶב inside
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his camp">
noun: מַחֲנֵ camp
suffix-pronoun: הוּ him
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: סָבִיב לְ around
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="his tents">
noun: מִשְׁכְּנֹתָי tents
suffix-pronoun: ו him
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-28-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for V. 28
v. 28 – On the dispreferred revocalization of qal נפל, see the LXX's and Syr. "and they fell"[4] (despite the plural readings of these versions; see discussion in Barthélemy et al. 2005, 571-572).
There is no Hebrew manuscript evidence for textual variation between the MT's מַחֲנֵ֑הוּ and a 3pl מַחֲנֵיהֶם or between the MT's לְמִשְׁכְּנֹתָֽיו and a 3pl מִשְׁכְּנֹתָם or מִשְׁכְּנֵיהֶם, such that the LXX's (and Symmachus') and Syr. "and fell in the midst of their camp, all around their tents" seems to be purely interpretive regarding the expected participant's antecedent (see further vv. 63-64, 66a, as discussed below and in participant analysis).[5] Jerome's Hebr. and TgPss follow the MT's singular suffix.
On the interpretation of בְּקֶ֣רֶב as a complex preposition, see Hardy (2022, 137).
Lexical Notes
Phrase-Level
Note for V. 28
v. 28 – On the interpretation of בְּקֶ֣רֶב as a complex preposition, see Hardy (2022, 137).
Note for V. 28
v. 28 – The construction סָבִיב לְ—perhaps a grammaticalized form of סָבִיב with לְ of specification—is attested in the parallel narrative passage of our text, Exodus 16:13 (see also Exod 40:33; Num 1:50, 53; 2:2; 16:24; Judg 7:21; 1 Kgs 6:5; 18:32, 35; Ezek 40:16; 41:5, 7, 10; 41:16; Nah 3:8; Ps 34:8; 125:2; 128:3; Job 19:12; Song 3:7; 1 Chr 28:12). See the almost synonymous nature of Nah 3:8 (הַיֹּֽשְׁבָה֙ בַּיְאֹרִ֔ים מַ֖יִם סָבִ֣יב לָ֑הּ "that sat by the Nile, with water around her," ESV) and Gen 35:5 (וַיִּסָּ֑עוּ וַיְהִ֣י׀ חִתַּ֣ת אֱלֹהִ֗ים עַל־הֶֽעָרִים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיבֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם "And as they journeyed, a terror from God fell upon the cities that were around them," ESV). On other occasions, the two adjacent constituents (סָבִיב and לְ) are to be read individually (see, e.g., Josh 15:12; 18:20).
Verbal Notes
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v. 29
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 29]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יֹּאכְלוּ they ate
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּשְׂבְּעוּ they were satisfied
adverb: מְאֹד completely
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָבִא he brought
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="what they craved">
noun: תַאֲוָת craving
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ to
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
DiscourseUnit [v. 29]
Fragment
particle: וַ and
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Predicate
verb: יֹּאכְלוּ they ate
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יִּשְׂבְּעוּ they were satisfied
adverb: מְאֹד completely
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יָבִא he brought
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="what they craved">
noun: תַאֲוָת craving
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: לָ to
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=v-29-None }}
Grammar Notes
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Lexical Notes
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Phrase-Level
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Verbal Notes
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vv. 30-31
Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 30-31]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: זָרוּ they turned
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the object of their craving">
noun: תַּאֲוָת craving
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="their food">
noun: אָכְל food
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Predicate
verb: was
adverb: עוֹד still
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their mouth">
noun: פִי mouth
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
noun: אַף anger
noun: אֱלֹהִים God
Predicate
verb: עָלָה rose
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בָ against
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּהֲרֹג he killed
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ some of
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their strong men">
noun: מִשְׁמַנֵּי strong men
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: הִכְרִיעַ struck down
Object
ConstructChain
noun: בַחוּרֵי young men
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
DiscourseUnit [vv. 30-31]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: זָרוּ they turned
adverb: לֹא not
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: מִ from
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="the object of their craving">
noun: תַּאֲוָת craving
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Fragment
ClauseCluster
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain <gloss="their food">
noun: אָכְל food
suffix-pronoun: ָם them
Predicate
verb: was
adverb: עוֹד still
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ in
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their mouth">
noun: פִי mouth
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
Clause
Subject
ConstructChain
noun: אַף anger
noun: אֱלֹהִים God
Predicate
verb: עָלָה rose
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בָ against
Object
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וַ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: יַּהֲרֹג he killed
Adverbial
PrepositionalPhrase
Preposition
preposition: בְּ some of
Object
ConstructChain <gloss="their strong men">
noun: מִשְׁמַנֵּי strong men
suffix-pronoun: הֶם them
Conjunction
conjunction: וּ and
Clause
Predicate
verb: הִכְרִיעַ struck down
Object
ConstructChain
noun: בַחוּרֵי young men
noun: יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=78|DiagramID=vv-30-31-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for v. 31
v. 31b – For the hiphil כרע as "strike down," (SDBH) rather than simply "make bow down," see the contexts of Pss 17:13, 18:40, and the previous clause here.
Lexical Notes
Note for V. 30
v. 30 – The verb זָר֥וּ could be understood a number of ways. The two primary senses are "become estranged" and "turn away," both of which occur with the preposition מִן of separation as here. The first sense may be intended by the Jerome's (quite unique) take: non indiguerunt de cupiditate sua "they were not in need of/lacking their desire." These two interpretations are similar, however, and supported by the following clause: ע֝֗וֹד אָכְלָ֥ם בְּפִיהֶֽם "their food was still in their mouth." [6]
Note for v. 31
v. 31 – Although the intended sense is most likely "strong men," in parallel with the "young men of Israel" (בַחוּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל) in the following clause (and the context of the parallel passage in Isa 10:16), there may be some wordplay with the root שֶׁמֶן as "fat, stout," in light of their craving for food in the previous co-text.
Phrase-Level
Note for v. 31
v. 30 – For the construction זור מן, see the lexical notes.
Note for v. 31
v. 31 – The בְּ-constituent following הרג is has a partitive function, i.e., "he killed some of them" (BHRG §39.1.b.iv; cf. Bekins 2014, 149 n. 19; Sjörs forthcoming, Prepositional Complements).[7]
Verbal Notes
No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.
Add Exegetical Note
Appendix
Files
Diagrams
Notes
- Grammar.V. 1.142421
- Grammar.V. 10.856105
- Grammar.V. 11.741627
- Grammar.V. 12.885665
- Grammar.V. 17.600763
- Grammar.V. 2.200143
- Grammar.V. 24.142971
- Grammar.V. 28.567213
- Grammar.V. 28.666161
- Grammar.V. 32.760091
- Grammar.V. 34.837458
- Grammar.V. 36.822732
- Grammar.V. 39.7727
- Grammar.V. 3a.555136
- Grammar.V. 41.706414
- Grammar.V. 49.683964
- Grammar.V. 50.51497
- Grammar.V. 9.179548
- Grammar.V. 9.257459
- Grammar.Vv. 13-14.484033
- Grammar.Vv. 15.425807
- Grammar.Vv. 3-4.239598
- Grammar.Vv. 47-48.833138
- Grammar.Vv. 5-8.672193
- Grammar.v. 12.333926
- Grammar.v. 12.628604
- Grammar.v. 31.624770
- Grammar.v. 33.270054
- Grammar.v. 42.464194
- Grammar.v. 51.975339
- Grammar.v. 54.993969
- Grammar.v. 55.588213
- Grammar.v. 56.855625
- Grammar.v. 60.389634
- Grammar.v. 64.710118
- Grammar.v. 68.327932
- Grammar.v. 69.814644
- Grammar.v. 69.833981
- Grammar.v. 69a.64577
- Grammar.v. 69b.665636
- Grammar.v. 71.289893
- Grammar.v. 72.315425
- Grammar.v. 8.676290
- Grammar.vv. 63-64.711824
- Grammar.vv. 71.447591
- Grammar.vv. 72.9098
- Lexical.V. 13.417473
- Lexical.V. 16.951919
- Lexical.V. 28.690178
- Lexical.V. 29.39767
- Lexical.V. 33.439894
- Lexical.V. 34.227161
- Lexical.V. 40.321522
- Lexical.V. 41.576410
- Lexical.V. 46.253400
- Lexical.V. 47.526706
- Lexical.V. 47.816095
- Lexical.V. 47.870775
- Lexical.V. 48.50141
- Lexical.V. 51.729929
- Lexical.v. 12.715237
- Lexical.v. 15.330857
- Lexical.v. 20.300801
- Lexical.v. 25.480527
- Lexical.v. 31.846026
- Lexical.v. 32.620497
- Lexical.v. 36.655733
- Lexical.v. 49.367959
- Lexical.v. 54.935896
- Lexical.v. 55.605314
- Lexical.v. 57.320703
- Lexical.v. 57.885972
- Lexical.v. 61.391700
- Lexical.v. 64.201697
- Lexical.v. 65.579388
- Lexical.v. 66.240586
- Lexical.v. 67.998731
- Lexical.v. 7.172068
- Lexical.v. 7.568462
- Lexical.v. 8.623278
- Lexical.vv. 21-22.146086
- Lexical.vv. 21-22.547752
- Lexical.vv. 21-22.997862
- Lexical.vv. 67-70.495489
- Phrasal.V. 14.778101
- Phrasal.V. 14.863017
- Phrasal.V. 14.909224
- Phrasal.V. 15.402091
- Phrasal.V. 16.305229
- Phrasal.V. 27.17093
- Phrasal.V. 27.518179
- Phrasal.V. 28.435429
- Phrasal.V. 33.607554
- Phrasal.V. 34.379869
- Phrasal.V. 36.750609
- Phrasal.V. 37.208950
- Phrasal.V. 37.531292
- Phrasal.V. 38.185771
- Phrasal.V. 40.280869
- Phrasal.V. 40.282367
- Phrasal.V. 41.553378
- Phrasal.V. 48.574563
- Phrasal.V. 51.328780
- Phrasal.V. 52.774916
- Phrasal.Vv. 47-48.492276
- Phrasal.v. 1.257490
- Phrasal.v. 1.364985
- Phrasal.v. 1.972397
- Phrasal.v. 17.102829
- Phrasal.v. 18.194438
- Phrasal.v. 18.647429
- Phrasal.v. 18.701760
- Phrasal.v. 19.896591
- Phrasal.v. 21.487450
- Phrasal.v. 23.828593
- Phrasal.v. 25.702859
- Phrasal.v. 31.565370
- Phrasal.v. 31.576392
- Phrasal.v. 32.50711
- Phrasal.v. 4.812844
- Phrasal.v. 49.450759
- Phrasal.v. 49.539766
- Phrasal.v. 49.837046
- Phrasal.v. 53.508578
- Phrasal.v. 54.394670
- Phrasal.v. 54.406757
- Phrasal.v. 55.444873
- Phrasal.v. 56.464655
- Phrasal.v. 59.161082
- Phrasal.v. 6.549203
- Phrasal.v. 61.788735
- Phrasal.v. 62.979755
- Phrasal.v. 65.80060
- Phrasal.v. 66.323089
- Phrasal.v. 67.189623
- Phrasal.v. 68.327781
- Phrasal.v. 7.624387
- Phrasal.v. 71.680895
- Phrasal.v. 8.323896
- Phrasal.v. 8.795349
- Phrasal.v. 9.235459
- Phrasal.vv. 67-70.887990
Approvals
Current Grammar status is not set for version not set. Current Lexical status is not set for version not set.
References
- ↑ The ancient versions read ἀνήφθη, accensus est "was kindled" in the LXX and Jerome's Hebr.; "and fire went up" (ואישתא איתסקת) in TgPs; while the Syr. has the active "and fire ignited against Jacob" (ܘܢܘܪܐ ܐܚܕܬ ܒܝܥܩܘܒ).
- ↑ The ancient versions read ἀνήφθη, accensus est "was kindled" in the LXX and Jerome's Hebr.; "and fire went up" (ואישתא איתסקת) in TgPs; while the Syr. has the active "and fire ignited against Jacob" (ܘܢܘܪܐ ܐܚܕܬ ܒܝܥܩܘܒ).
- ↑ Although the LXX and Syr. have "bread of angels" (ἀγγέλων, ܕܡܠܐ̈ܟܐ), Hebr. prefers "of mighty ones" (fortium), similar, too, to Aquila (δυναστῶν), Symmachus (μεγάλων), Quinta and Theodotion (δυναστῶν). TgPs provides the periphrastic מזון דנחת ממדור מלאכיא "food that came down from the dwelling place of the angels" (Stec 2004, 152). This expansion probably grasps the sense well in light of the previous clause: וּדְגַן־שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ "grain of/from heaven he gave them" (24b), since he caused it to "rain" upon them (23-24a). The angels (or mighty ones), then, are construed as those dwelling in heaven (so Briggs & Briggs 1906-7, 185: "probably of the angels, conceived as having their food in this divine ambrosia"). See also Goldingay (2006, 495): "the link with v. 24 suggests that bread from the heavens is the food of the impressive beings who live in the heavens."
- ↑ Read ἐπέπεσον and ܘܢܦܠܘ, respectively.
- ↑ The texts read καὶ ἐπέπεσον εἰς μέσον τῆς παρεμβολῆς αὐτῶν κύκλῳ τῶν σκηνωμάτων αὐτῶν and ܘܢܦܠܘ ܒܡܫܪ̈ܝܬܗܘܢ ܚܕܪ̈ܝ ܡܫ̈ܟܢܝܗܘܢ.
- ↑ Greenstein (1990, 206) has suggested the sense of "be loathsome," as only clearly attested in Job 19:17: ר֭וּחִֽי זָ֣רָה לְאִשְׁתִּ֑י ("My breath is offensive to my wife," NIV). The nominal form in Num 11:20 (זָרָא), could plausibly be related to this root and provide wordplay from the wilderness sickening of the people's gluttony: "You shall not eat just one day, or two days, or five days, or ten days, or twenty days, but a whole month, until it comes out at your nostrils and becomes loathsome to you." Although this intertextual connection and possible word play is interesting, the syntax (particularly the plural verb and preposition מִן) of our present verse requires one of the two, previously discussed, senses.
- ↑ Cf. the Syr. ܘܩܛܠ ܡܢ ܥܬܝܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ "and he killed some of their wealthy" (Taylor 2020, 319).