Psalm 5/Verbs

Verbs

Verb forms

Definition Feature being studied	Occurrences Sections where this feature is present or absent	Clustering	Intersection	Connections	Structure
qatal	שָׂ֜נֵ֗אתָ (v.6b), מָ֥רוּ (v.11d)
participle	הֽ֭וֹלְלִים (v.6a), פֹּ֥עֲלֵי (v.6b), דֹּבְרֵ֪י (v.7a), פָּת֥וּחַ (v.10c), ח֪וֹסֵי (v.12a), אֹהֲבֵ֥י (v.12d)	vv.6-7; v.12		participles in vv.6-7 (referring to the wicked) contrasted with those in v.12 (referring to the righteous); forms disjunctive parallel within tetracolon (v.12)	gives cohesion to section 2.2 (vv.5-7) and 3.3 (v.12)
weyiqtol	וַאֲצַפֶּֽה (v.4b), וְיִשְׂמְח֙וּ (v.12a), וְתָסֵ֣ךְ (v.12c), וְֽיַעְלְצ֥וּ (v.12d)	v.12(3x)	first and last verb of section 3.3 (v.12)	forms disjunctive parallel within tetracolon (v.12ad)	gives cohesion to section 3.3 (forms tetracolon)
yiqtol	אֶתְפַּלָּֽל (v.3b), תִּשְׁמַ֣ע (v.4a), אֶֽעֱרָךְ (v.4b), יְגֻרְךָ֣ (v.5b), יִתְיַצְּב֣וּ (v.6a), תְּאַבֵּד֘ (v.7a), יְתָ֨עֵ֥ב (v.7b), אָב֣וֹא (v.8a), אֶשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥ה (v.8b), יַחֲלִֽיקוּן (v.10d), יִפְּלוּ֘ (v.11b), יְ֭רַנֵּנוּ (v.12b), תְּבָרֵ֪ךְ (v.13a), תַּעְטְרֶֽנּוּ (v.13b)	vv.4-8; v.13	last verb of section 1 (vv.2-3); first and last verb of section 2 (vv.4-8); end of psalm (v.13ab)		gives cohesion to section 2 (vv.4-8)
deontic modality	הַאֲזִ֥ינָה (v.2a), בִּ֣ינָה (v.2b), הַקְשִׁ֤יבָה (v.3a), נְחֵ֬נִי (v.9a), הַושַׁ֖ר (v.9b), הַֽאֲשִׁימֵ֙ם (v.11a), יִפְּלוּ֘ (v.11b), הַדִּיחֵ֑מוֹ (v.11c), וְיִשְׂמְח֙וּ (v.12a), יְ֭רַנֵּנוּ (v.12b?), וְֽיַעְלְצ֥וּ (v.12d?)	vv.2-3a; v.9ab; vv.11-12	esp. section 3 (vv.9-12)		gives cohesion to sections 1 (vv.2-3) and 3 (vv.9-12); anaphora (v.2a; v.9a)
imperative	הַאֲזִ֥ינָה (v.2a), בִּ֣ינָה (v.2b), הַקְשִׁ֤יבָה (v.3a), נְחֵ֬נִי (v.9a), הַושַׁ֖ר (v.9b), הַֽאֲשִׁימֵ֙ם (v.11a), הַדִּיחֵ֑מוֹ (v.11c)	vv.2-3a; v.9ab; v.11ac	only in section 1 (vv.2-3) and section 3 (vv.9-12); marks the beginning of each of these sections		gives cohesion to sections 1 (vv.2-3) and 3 (vv.9-12); anaphora (v.2a; v.9a)

This feature is considered relevant for this psalm.,

Person, gender and number

Definition Feature being studied	Occurrences Sections where this feature is present or absent	Clustering	Intersection	Connections	Structure
1cs		vv.3-4, v.8; absent in the second half of the psalm (vv.9-13)	beginning and ending of section 2 (vv.4-8)		gives cohesion to section 2 (vv.4-8)
2ms		vv.2-3a, v.9, v.13	beginning of psalm (vv.2-3a); beginning of section 2 (v.4a); beginning of section 3 (v.9); end of psalm (v.13)		each major section of the psalm opens with 2ms verbs (anaphora); the psalm is framed by 2ms verbs (inclusio)

This feature is considered relevant for this psalm.,

Paragogic letters

Definition Feature being studied	Occurrences Sections where this feature is present or absent	Clustering	Intersection	Connections	Structure
paragogic nun	יַחֲלִֽיקוּן (v.10d)		closes tetracolon (v.10abcd)
paragogic he	הַאֲזִ֥ינָה (v.2a), בִּ֣ינָה (v.2b), הַקְשִׁ֤יבָה (v.3a)	vv.2-3	beginning of psalm (invocation)	forms parallelism (v.2ab)	opens the psalm, gives cohesion to section 1 (vv.2-3)

This feature is considered relevant for this psalm.,

Verb stem types (binyanim)

Definition Feature being studied	Occurrences Sections where this feature is present or absent	Clustering	Intersection	Connections	Structure
Qal passive	פָּת֥וּחַ (v.10c)
Hishtaphel	אֶשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥ה (v.8b)
Hithpael	אֶתְפַּלָּֽל (v.3b), יִתְיַצְּב֣וּ (v.6a)
Hiphil	הַאֲזִ֥ינָה (v.2a), הַקְשִׁ֤יבָה (v.3a), הַושַׁ֖ר (v.9b), יַחֲלִֽיקוּן (v.10d), הַֽאֲשִׁימֵ֙ם (v.11a), הַדִּיחֵ֑מוֹ (v.11c), וְתָסֵ֣ךְ (v.12c)	section 1 (vv.2-3); section 3 (vv.9-12); absent sections 2 (vv.5-8) and 4 (v.13)	opens psalm (v.2a)	disjunctive parallel within tetracolon (v.11ac)	gives cohesion to section 1 (vv.2-3) and section 3 (vv.9-12), and, by its absence, to sections 2 (vv.5-8) and 4 (v.13)
Piel	שַׁוְעִ֗י (v.3a), וַאֲצַפֶּֽה (v.4b), תְּאַבֵּד֘ (v.7a), יְתָ֨עֵ֥ב (v.7b), יְ֭רַנֵּנוּ (v.12b), תְּבָרֵ֪ךְ (v.13a), תעטרנו (v.13b? [see discussion below])	v.7ab, v.13ab?	closes section 3.2 (vv.5-7); closes psalm (vv.13ab?)	parallel lines (v.7ab, v.13ab?); parallel 2ms Piel yiqtol verbs may form a connection between v.7 (what Yahweh does to the wicked) and v.13 (what Yahweh does to the righteous)	epiphora (v.7, v.13?)
Qal	בִּ֣ינָה (v.2b), תִּשְׁמַ֣ע (v.4a), אֶֽעֱרָךְ (v.4b), יְגֻרְךָ֣ (v.5b), הֽ֭וֹלְלִים (v.6a), שָׂ֜נֵ֗אתָ (v.6b), פֹּ֥עֲלֵי (v.6b), דֹּבְרֵ֪י (v.7a), אָב֣וֹא (v.8a), נְחֵ֬נִי (v.9a), יִפְּלוּ֘ (v.11b), מָ֥רוּ (v.11d), וְיִשְׂמְח֙וּ (v.12a), ח֪וֹסֵי (v.12a), וְֽיַעְלְצ֥וּ (v.12d), אֹהֲבֵ֥י (v.12d), תַּעְטְרֶֽנּוּ (v.13b)

Verb stem types are more varied in Psalm 5 than in any previous psalm. There are numerous Hiphil (7) and Piel (6 or 7) verbs as well as Hithpael (2), Hishtaphel (1), and Qal Passive (1). In fact, according to the MT, there are as many Qal forms (17) as non-Qal forms (17).

See below on variants for a discussion of the stem of תעטרנו in v.13b.

Verb Morphology

Verse	Verb	Stem	Conjugation	Person	Gender	Number	Paragogic Suffix	Pronominal Suffix	Root
2a	הַאֲזִ֥ינָה	H	impv	2	m	s	ה		אזן
2b	בִּ֣ינָה	Q	impv	2	m	s	ה		בין
3a	הַקְשִׁ֤יבָה	H	impv	2	m	s	ה		קשׁב
	שַׁוְעִ֗י	D	inf cstr					1cs	שׁוע
3b	אֶתְפַּלָּֽל	HtD	yiqtol	1	c	s			פלל
4a	תִּשְׁמַ֣ע	Q	yiqtol	2	m	s			שׁמע
4b	אֶֽעֱרָךְ	Q	yiqtol	1	c	s			ערך
	וַאֲצַפֶּֽה	D	weyiqtol	1	c	s			צפה
5b	יְגֻרְךָ֣	Q	yiqtol	3	m	s		2ms	גור
6a	יִתְיַצְּב֣וּ	HtD	yiqtol	3	m	p			יצב
	הֽ֭וֹלְלִים	Q	ptc		m	p			הלל
6b	שָׂ֜נֵ֗אתָ	Q	qatal	2	m	s			שׂנא
	פֹּ֥עֲלֵי	Q	ptc		m	p			פעל
7a	תְּאַבֵּד֘	D	yiqtol	2	m	s			אבד
	דֹּבְרֵ֪י	Q	ptc		m	p			דבר
7b	יְתָ֨עֵ֥ב	D	yiqtol	3	m	s			תעב
8a	אָב֣וֹא	Q	yiqtol	1	c	s			בוא
8b	אֶשְׁתַּחֲוֶ֥ה	Hsht	yiqtol	1	c	s			חוה
9a	נְחֵ֬נִי	Q	impv	2	m	s		1cs	נחה
9b	הַושַׁ֖ר	H	impv	2	m	s			ישׁר
10c	פָּת֥וּחַ	Qp	ptc		m	s			פתח
10d	יַחֲלִֽיקוּן	H	yiqtol	3	m	p	ן		חלק
11a	ַֽהַֽאֲשִׁימֵ֙ם	H	impv	2	m	s		3mp	אשׁם
11b	יִפְּלוּ֘	Q	yiqtol	3	m	p			נפל
11c	הַדִּיחֵ֑מוֹ	H	impv	2	m	s		3mp (מוֹ)	נדח
11d	מָ֥רוּ	Q	qatal	3	c	p			מרה
12a	וְיִשְׂמְח֙וּ	Q	weyiqtol	3	m	p			שׂמח
	ח֪וֹסֵי	Q	ptc		m	p			חוס
12b	יְ֭רַנֵּנוּ	D	yiqtol	3	m	p			רנן
12c	וְתָסֵ֣ךְ	H	weyiqtol	2	m	s			סכך
12d	וְֽיַעְלְצ֥וּ	Q	weyiqtol	3	m	p			עלץ
	אֹהֲבֵ֥י	Q	ptc		m	p			אהב
13a	תְּבָרֵ֪ךְ	D	yiqtol	2	m	s			ברך
13b	תַּעְטְרֶֽנּוּ	Q	yiqtol	2	m	s		3ms (נּ)	עטר

This feature is considered relevant for this psalm.,

Other

Verbless Clauses

• v.5a
• 10a
• 10b
• 10c

The negated verbless clauses in v.5 and v.10 are parallel in the macrostructure of the psalm. Within the two parallel sections that constitute the body of the psalm (section 2: vv.4-8; section 3: vv.9-12), v.5a opens section 2.2, and v.10a opens section 3.2.