Psalm 49/Diagrams/Placeholders/2-3
vv. 2-3 - Preferred
(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram
SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [vv. 2-3]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: שִׁמְעוּ hear
Object
pronoun: זֹאת this
Fragment
Vocative
ConstructChain
Nominal
quantifier: כָּל all
Nominal
article: הָ the
noun: עַמִּים peoples
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: הַאֲזִינוּ listen
Fragment
Apposition
Vocative
ConstructChain <gloss="all the inhabitants of the world">
Nominal
noun: יֹשְׁבֵי inhabitants
quantifier: כָּל all
noun: חָלֶד world
Vocative
Nominal
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="low">
Nominal
Adjectival
adverb: גַּם also>>both
noun: בְּנֵי sons
noun: אָדָם mankind
Conjunction
conjunction:
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="mighty">
Nominal
Adjectival
adverb: גַּם also>>and
noun: בְּנֵי sons
noun: אִישׁ man
Vocative
Nominal
Nominal
noun: עָשִׁיר rich person>>rich
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
noun: וְאֶבְיוֹן poor person>>poor
Adjectival
adverb: יַחַד together>>alike
DiscourseUnit [vv. 2-3]
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: שִׁמְעוּ hear
Object
pronoun: זֹאת this
Fragment
Vocative
ConstructChain
Nominal
quantifier: כָּל all
Nominal
article: הָ the
noun: עַמִּים peoples
Fragment
Clause
Predicate
verb: הַאֲזִינוּ listen
Fragment
Apposition
Vocative
ConstructChain <gloss="all the inhabitants of the world">
Nominal
noun: יֹשְׁבֵי inhabitants
quantifier: כָּל all
noun: חָלֶד world
Vocative
Nominal
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="low">
Nominal
Adjectival
adverb: גַּם also>>both
noun: בְּנֵי sons
noun: אָדָם mankind
Conjunction
conjunction:
Nominal
ConstructChain <gloss="mighty">
Nominal
Adjectival
adverb: גַּם also>>and
noun: בְּנֵי sons
noun: אִישׁ man
Vocative
Nominal
Nominal
noun: עָשִׁיר rich person>>rich
Conjunction
conjunction: וְ and
noun: וְאֶבְיוֹן poor person>>poor
Adjectival
adverb: יַחַד together>>alike
{{Diagram/Display | Chapter=49|DiagramID=vv-2-3-None }}
Grammar Notes
Note for vv. 2-3
In v. 2, the demonstrative זאת ("this") is ταῦτα in the LXX (“these things”) which could be rendered “this” ( NETS). The MT's admonition שמעו־זאת is expanded in TgPs as "Hear this instruction [שמעו אחויתא דא], all nations; listen, all inhabitants of the earth."[1]
Note for vv. 2-3
In v. 3, the TgPs also expands what appears to be an idiom-like statement (גם־בני אדם גם־בני־איש) as "both the sons of the first Adam and the sons of Jacob, the righteous one and the sinner together."[2] The LXX renders this as οἵ τε γηγενεῖς καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ("both the earthborn [or primeval men] and the sons of men"; NETS). The Syr. has ܢܫܐ ܐ̈ ܪܥܐ ܘܒܢܝ ܝ ܐ̈ ܒܢ ("sons of earth" and "sons of man"), which essentially is a literal translation of the MT's phrase גם־בני אדם גם־בני־איש. "The meaning is 'men of low degree' (i.e., common people) and 'men of high degree' (i.e., people of status)" (Taylor 2020, 187 n. 4). Cf. "Both ordinary people and people of importance;"[3] "both humble and mighty;"[4] "you simple people as well as you lords’ sons."[5]. Kraus also explains that "The parallelism with its chiastic effect shows that the construct combination בני אדם can have the meaning 'simple people,’ while בני־איש designates 'lords’ sons,' the 'distinguished people’" [cf. Ps 4:2].[6] These readings are clarified by a more specific יחד עשיר ואביון ("rich and poor, together") in v. 3b.
Note for vv. 2-3
Furthermore, בני אדם, בני־איש, and עשיר ואביון together create a list of appositives, modifying the identity of כל־ישבי חלד in v. 2. That is, "low and mighty" and "rich and poor" reveal a characteristic/quality (i.e., totality), or identity (in terms of social class), of "all inhabitants of the world".
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Textual Notes
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