Psalm 49/Diagrams/Placeholders/13

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v. 13 - Preferred

(Preferred, but not confirmed); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 13]
    Fragment 
      conjunction: וְ but>>even
    Fragment 
      Clause
        Subject
          noun: אָדָם an individual
          Adjectival
            PrepositionalPhrase 
              Preposition
                preposition: בִּ in>>of 
              Object
                  noun: יקָר honor>>high status
        Predicate
          verb: יָלִין can abide
          Adverbial
            particle: בַּל not
    Fragment 
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: נִמְשַׁל he is the same
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כַּ as
              Object
                  article: הַ the <status="elided">
                  noun: בְּהֵמוֹת animals
                  RelativeClause
                    RelativeParticle
                      particle: who <status="elided">
                    Clause
                      Predicate
                        verb: נִדְמוּ have perished


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit [v. 13]
    Fragment 
      conjunction: וְ but>>even
    Fragment 
      Clause
        Subject
          noun: אָדָם an individual
          Adjectival
            PrepositionalPhrase 
              Preposition
                preposition: בִּ in>>of 
              Object
                  noun: יקָר honor>>high status
        Predicate
          verb: יָלִין can abide
          Adverbial
            particle: בַּל not
    Fragment 
      Clause
        Predicate
          verb: נִמְשַׁל he is the same
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כַּ as
              Object
                  article: הַ the <status="elided">
                  noun: בְּהֵמוֹת animals
                  RelativeClause
                    RelativeParticle
                      particle: who <status="elided">
                    Clause
                      Predicate
                        verb: נִדְמוּ have perished

Copy to display elsewhere 

 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=49|DiagramID=v-13-None }}

Grammar Notes

Grammar Notes for this diagram

Note for v. 13

In v. 13a, the MT's ביקר has been emended by some to בקר/“cattle” to read “man is as cattle . . ..”[1] Barthélemy (and many others) argue against this (here and in v. 21) on contextual grounds, seeing the MT as highly probable with a certain margin of doubt (Ps 49,13(12) בִּיקָר {B} MT, G, α', σ', ε', Hebr, S, T // def-int: εβρ; Barthélemy 2005, 192-195; Ps 49,21(20)A בִּיקָר {A}). Although not adopting the proposed emendation, Goldingay notes that "The reader may be invited to see the point underlined by a further implicit paronomasia, human beings bîqār, 'with prestige,' turning out to be like bāqār, 'cattle.'"[2]


Note for v. 13

Further, in v. 13a, the MT has בל־ילין (lit. “will not lodge" or "endure”; σ', ε', Hebr, T // assim 21: 4QPsc, G, S). The LXX (and Syr.) read οὐ συνῆκεν (“understands not”; "And a person held in honor did not understand. He resembled senseless beasts and became like them"; NETS). Syr. has ܒܪܢܫܐ ܒܐܝܩܪܗ ܠܐ ܐܬܒܝܢ܂ ܐܠܐ ܐܫܬܠܡ ܠܒܥܝܪܐ ܘܐܬܕܡܝ ܠܗܿ ("A human being does not perceive his own honor; but he is delivered over to the animals and has become like them").[3] Contra the MT בל־ילין, Syr. has "does not perceive/understand" (cf. the LXX) due to graphic confusion of lāmadh and bēth. This variant reading could have been also prompted by the refrain in v. 21, where the MT has ולא יבין (in v. 21, both the LXX and Pesh. have "to understand" or "to perceive"). Hence, the LXX and Pesh. could be understood as harmonizing the two refrains. In v. 13, the LXX and Pesh. are also supported by 4Q85 (a proto-MT MS).


Note for v. 13

The difference in the two refrains in the MT could suggest corruption in the MT. But the idea of the fleetingness of one's life in MT's first refrain could be seen as reflecting the focus of vv. 11-12, and 16 and so making sense contextually. The second refrain in v. 21, which uses יבין/"understand", could be seen as offering a summary to the Psalm's wisdom teaching, and so as justifiable, again, on contextual grounds. The different locations of the two refrains in the psalm could explain two slightly different formulations. 


Note for v. 13

In v. 13b, for the MT's נמשל "he is like", Syr. reads ܐܫܬܠܡ "he is delivered over" (cf. the LXX, παρασυνεβλήθη), which could be due to metathesis of the letter mem. Thus, for the MT's נמשל ("he is like") the LXX and Syr. understood נשלם "he was delivered over."[4]


Note for v. 13

In v. 13b, the MT has נדמו/“they perish,” but the LXX has καὶ ὡμοιώθη αὐτοῖς/“and is/became like them” (also Syr., Vulg.). The rendering “to be like” is from דמה I, the meaning “perish, cease” is from דמה III (cf. HALOT, although HALOT prefers דמה II, "to be dumb/silent", for Ps 49:13).

Lexical Notes

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Phrase-Level

No Phrasal notes to display for this diagram.

Verbal Notes

No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.

Textual Notes

No Textual notes to display for this diagram.

Add Exegetical Note


v. 13 - Alternative

(Alternative); edit diagram 

SimpleGrammar
DiscourseUnit [v. 13]
    Fragment <status="alternative">
      conjunction: וְ but
    Fragment <status="alternative">
      Clause
        Subject
          noun: אָדָם an individual
          RelativeClause
            RelativeParticle
              particle: who <status="elided">
            ClauseCluster
              Clause
                Predicate
                  verb: is
                  Complement
                    PrepositionalPhrase <gloss=" of high status">
                      Preposition
                        preposition: בִּ in>>of
                      Object
                        noun: יקָר honor>>high status
              Conjunction
                conjunction:
              Clause
                Predicate
                  verb:  יָלִין can abide
                  Adverbial
                    particle: בַּל not
        Predicate
          verb: נִמְשַׁל is the same
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כַּ as
              Object
                  article: הַ the <status="elided">
                  noun: בְּהֵמוֹת animals
                  RelativeClause
                    RelativeParticle
                      particle: who <status="elided">
                    Clause
                      Predicate                     	
                        verb: נִדְמוּ perish


Diagram Code 

 DiscourseUnit [v. 13]
    Fragment <status="alternative">
      conjunction: וְ but
    Fragment <status="alternative">
      Clause
        Subject
          noun: אָדָם an individual
          RelativeClause
            RelativeParticle
              particle: who <status="elided">
            ClauseCluster
              Clause
                Predicate
                  verb: is
                  Complement
                    PrepositionalPhrase <gloss=" of high status">
                      Preposition
                        preposition: בִּ in>>of
                      Object
                        noun: יקָר honor>>high status
              Conjunction
                conjunction:
              Clause
                Predicate
                  verb:  יָלִין can abide
                  Adverbial
                    particle: בַּל not
        Predicate
          verb: נִמְשַׁל is the same
          Adverbial
            PrepositionalPhrase
              Preposition
                preposition: כַּ as
              Object
                  article: הַ the <status="elided">
                  noun: בְּהֵמוֹת animals
                  RelativeClause
                    RelativeParticle
                      particle: who <status="elided">
                    Clause
                      Predicate                     	
                        verb: נִדְמוּ perish

Copy to display elsewhere 

 {{Diagram/Display | Chapter=49|DiagramID=v-13-Alternative }}

Grammar Notes

No Grammar notes to display for this diagram. Other notes for v. 13

Note for v. 13

Associate with v-13-Alternative

In v. 13a, the MT's ביקר has been emended by some to בקר/“cattle” to read “man is as cattle . . ..”[5] Barthélemy (and many others) argue against this (here and in v. 21) on contextual grounds, seeing the MT as highly probable with a certain margin of doubt (Ps 49,13(12) בִּיקָר {B} MT, G, α', σ', ε', Hebr, S, T // def-int: εβρ; Barthélemy 2005, 192-195; Ps 49,21(20)A בִּיקָר {A}). Although not adopting the proposed emendation, Goldingay notes that "The reader may be invited to see the point underlined by a further implicit paronomasia, human beings bîqār, 'with prestige,' turning out to be like bāqār, 'cattle.'"[6]


Note for v. 13

Associate with v-13-Alternative

Further, in v. 13a, the MT has בל־ילין (lit. “will not lodge" or "endure”; σ', ε', Hebr, T // assim 21: 4QPsc, G, S). The LXX (and Syr.) read οὐ συνῆκεν (“understands not”; "And a person held in honor did not understand. He resembled senseless beasts and became like them"; NETS). Syr. has ܒܪܢܫܐ ܒܐܝܩܪܗ ܠܐ ܐܬܒܝܢ܂ ܐܠܐ ܐܫܬܠܡ ܠܒܥܝܪܐ ܘܐܬܕܡܝ ܠܗܿ ("A human being does not perceive his own honor; but he is delivered over to the animals and has become like them").[7] Contra the MT בל־ילין, Syr. has "does not perceive/understand" (cf. the LXX) due to graphic confusion of lāmadh and bēth. This variant reading could have been also prompted by the refrain in v. 21, where the MT has ולא יבין (in v. 21, both the LXX and Pesh. have "to understand" or "to perceive"). Hence, the LXX and Pesh. could be understood as harmonizing the two refrains. In v. 13, the LXX and Pesh. are also supported by 4Q85 (a proto-MT MS).


Note for v. 13

Associate with v-13-Alternative

The difference in the two refrains in the MT could suggest corruption in the MT. But the idea of the fleetingness of one's life in MT's first refrain could be seen as reflecting the focus of vv. 11-12, and 16 and so making sense contextually. The second refrain in v. 21, which uses יבין/"understand", could be seen as offering a summary to the Psalm's wisdom teaching, and so as justifiable, again, on contextual grounds. The different locations of the two refrains in the psalm could explain two slightly different formulations. 


Note for v. 13

Associate with v-13-Alternative

In v. 13b, for the MT's נמשל "he is like", Syr. reads ܐܫܬܠܡ "he is delivered over" (cf. the LXX, παρασυνεβλήθη), which could be due to metathesis of the letter mem. Thus, for the MT's נמשל ("he is like") the LXX and Syr. understood נשלם "he was delivered over."[8]


Note for v. 13

Associate with v-13-Alternative

In v. 13b, the MT has נדמו/“they perish,” but the LXX has καὶ ὡμοιώθη αὐτοῖς/“and is/became like them” (also Syr., Vulg.). The rendering “to be like” is from דמה I, the meaning “perish, cease” is from דמה III (cf. HALOT, although HALOT prefers דמה II, "to be dumb/silent", for Ps 49:13).

Lexical Notes

No Lexical notes to display for this diagram.

Phrase-Level

No Phrasal notes to display for this diagram.

Verbal Notes

No Verbal notes to display for this diagram.

Textual Notes

No Textual notes to display for this diagram.

Add Exegetical Note
  1. ↑ E.g., Slotki 1978, 361–62, see also the sources cited in Barthélemy 2005, 192-195.
  2. ↑ Goldingay 2007, 103.
  3. ↑ Taylor 2020, 191.
  4. ↑ Taylor 2020, 191.
  5. ↑ E.g., Slotki 1978, 361–62, see also the sources cited in Barthélemy 2005, 192-195.
  6. ↑ Goldingay 2007, 103.
  7. ↑ Taylor 2020, 191.
  8. ↑ Taylor 2020, 191.