Psalm 46/Notes/Lexical.v. 4.232031

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Regarding the significance of the noun surging (גאוה) in v. 4, Kraus noted that here “the archetypal flood lifts its head in ‘presumption’ and causes the hills to quake.”[1] Representing the human enemy forces (cf. v. 7; The Raging Waters in Psalm46:2-4), this behavior of the chaotic sea waters can be compared and contrasted with v. 11, wherein God is twice said "to be exalted" among the nations and in all the earth. For more on גאוה, see the Venn Diagram below:

Psalm 046 - Frame 29.jpg

  1. ↑ Kraus 1988: 461, cf. 458. Cf. Delitzsch who also took it in terms of pride and self-exaltation (cf. Ps 89:10 and Job 38:1).