Psalm 44/Notes/Grammar.V. 5.281488

• Is הוּא a copula or pronoun? If הוּא in this verse is functioning as a pronoun, then this would imply that אַתָּה would be a dislocated item. However, the אַתָּה in this verse is not left-dislocated ("as for you..."), as it does not agree in person with הוּא, which would be the resumptive pronoun in a left-dislocated construction (Holmstedt and Jones 2014, 59). Rendering הוּא as a resumptive would result in the difficult, "You, he is my king..." It is possible to understand the clause as a right-dislocated construction ("you are he, my king"; so Hengstenberg 1863, 113). However, this would result in an anaphoric pronoun הוּא that does not have a clear antecedent (Holmstedt and Jones 2014, 59). As such, הוּא is most likely functioning as a copula in this context (i.e., "you are my king"). It also serves to disambiguate the sentence as a verbless clause, as opposed to a vocative expression ("you, my king, O God"; BHRG §36.1.1.2[4]). For similar constructions, see 2 Sam 7:28; 1 Kgs 19:15; Neh 9:7.
• Textual note on אֱלֹהִים and צַוֵּה: LXX reads ὁ θεός μου ὁ ἐντελλόμενος τὰς σωτηρίας ιακωβ ("... my God, he who commands acts of deliverance for Iakob," NETS). This reading presupposes a division of the consonantal text into אֱלֹהָי מְצַוֶּה instead of the MT's אֱלֹהִים צַוֵּה. For more on this issue, see The Text and Meaning of Ps. 44:5.
• The plural form of יְשׁוּעוֹת: The plural form is often used in the HB to express abstract concepts. Originally, these plurals of abstraction likely expressed concrete manifestations of the abstract concept, and eventually developed into expressions of the abstraction itself (JM §136g). Thus, יְשׁוּעוֹת indicates the concept "help/salvation," as opposed to instances of "helps/salvations."