Psalm 3/Speech Act/SpeechTable

Verse	Text (Hebrew)	Text (CBC)	Sentence type	Illocution (general)	Illocution with context	Macro speech act	Intended perlocution (Think)	Intended perlocution (Feel)	Intended perlocution (Do)	Speech Act Notes
1	מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִ֑ד בְּ֝בָרְח֗וֹ מִפְּנֵ֤י ׀ אַבְשָׁל֬וֹם בְּנֽוֹ׃	A psalm. By David. When he was fleeing from Absalom, his son.	Fragment	Assertive	Giving information about the psalm's genre, author, and historical setting					- There are multiple intended perlocutions for this psalm. At the most basic level, the psalmist wants YHWH to rise up and save him (v. 8). At the same time, however, it seems that the psalmist intends the psalm to work an emotional change within himself; by praying this psalm, he stirs himself up to confidence and courage. Finally, there is an additional intended perlocution for others who might read or hear this psalm. The psalmist wants them to learn from his example that victory belongs to YHWH and that they should call out to YHWH when they are in distress.
2	יְ֭הוָה מָֽה־רַבּ֣וּ צָרָ֑י	YHWH, how my adversaries have become many!	Declarative	Expressive	Expressing dismay at how many enemies he has	Describing his situation and expressing his dismay	- YHWH will consider the magnitude of the threat facing David		- YHWH will rise up and save David - Others will follow David's example of calling out to YHWH in their distress	• The word מָה here "functions as an introduction to an exclamation in which a speaker usually expresses a value judgment about something" (BHRG §42.3.6).
	רַ֝בִּ֗ים קָמִ֥ים עָלָֽי׃	Many are those rising against me.		Assertive	Describing how vast in number his opposition is
3	רַבִּים֮ אֹמְרִ֪ים לְנַ֫פְשִׁ֥י	Many are those saying about me,	Declarative • "Declarative"	Assertive • "Assertive"	Describing how vast in number are those claiming he has no hope • "Claiming that God will not save the psalmist"
	אֵ֤ין יְֽשׁוּעָ֓תָה לּ֬וֹ בֵֽאלֹהִ֬ים סֶֽלָה׃	"There is no victory for him in God!"" Selah.
4	וְאַתָּ֣ה יְ֭הוָה מָגֵ֣ן בַּעֲדִ֑י	But you, YHWH, are a shield for me,	Declarative	Assertive	Professing trust in YHWH for protection and the restoration of his honor	Professing trust in YHWH	- YHWH will consider how David trusts in him for victory	- David himself will regain confidence in YHWH
	כְּ֝בוֹדִ֗י וּמֵרִ֥ים רֹאשִֽׁי׃	my honor, and the one who lifts my head.
5	ק֭וֹלִי אֶל־יְהוָ֣ה אֶקְרָ֑א	I call aloud to YHWH,	Declarative	Assertive	Describing how, time and time again, he calls out to YHWH
	וַיַּֽעֲנֵ֨נִי מֵהַ֖ר קָדְשׁ֣וֹ סֶֽלָה׃	and he answers me from his holy mountain. Selah.			Describing how, time and time again, YHWH answers his call for help
6	אֲנִ֥י שָׁכַ֗בְתִּי וָֽאִ֫ישָׁ֥נָה	I lay down and fell asleep.	Declarative Declarative	Assertive Assertive	Recalling how he was able to lie down and fall asleep the previous night	Re-evaluating his present situation in light of his renewed trust in YHWH				• In vv. 6-7, having reoriented his perspective (vv. 4-5), David is able to re-evaluate his current situation. He looks back on the previous night and sees how YHWH has protected him (v. 6), and so he commits himself to courage in the face of the ongoing threat (v. 7).
	הֱקִיצ֑וֹתִי כִּ֖י יְהוָ֣ה יִסְמְכֵֽנִי׃	I woke up, because YHWH supports me.			Recalling how he woke up safely this morning Explaining how he was able to sleep and wake up safely
7	לֹֽא־אִ֭ירָא מֵרִבְב֥וֹת עָ֑ם	I will not be afraid of tens of thousands of people,	Declarative	Commissive	Committing himself to courage even in the face of vast opposition
	אֲשֶׁ֥ר סָ֝בִ֗יב שָׁ֣תוּ עָלָֽי׃	who have taken position against me all around.
8	ק֘וּמָ֤ה יְהוָ֨ה ׀ הוֹשִׁ֘יעֵ֤נִי אֱלֹהַ֗י	Rise up, YHWH! Save me, my God!	Imperative Imperative	Directive Directive	Calling on YHWH to rise up and save him	Calling on YHWH to rise and save him				• The כִּי in v. 8 is a speech-act causal כִּי (see Locatell 2017, 162; cf. Locatell 2019). The psalmist grounds his request for YHWH to save (v. 8a) in the recollection of YHWH's past acts of salvation (v. 8bc).
	כִּֽי־הִכִּ֣יתָ אֶת־כָּל־אֹיְבַ֣י לֶ֑חִי	For you have struck all my enemies on the jaw.	Declarative	Assertive	Recalling how YHWH has saved him in the past, thus giving a reason for his request for YHWH to save him now
	שִׁנֵּ֖י רְשָׁעִ֣ים שִׁבַּֽרְתָּ׃	You have broken wicked people's teeth.	Declarative	Assertive	Recalling how YHWH has saved him in the past, thus giving a reason for his request for YHWH to save him now
9	לַיהוָ֥ה הַיְשׁוּעָ֑ה	Victory is YHWH's!	Declarative	Asssertive	Declaring that victory is YHWH's (and no one elses)	Declaring the unique ability of YHWH to save and the unique privilege of his people to receive his blessing	- Others will know that victory is YHWH's	- Others will feel confident in YHWH's ability to save
	עַֽל־עַמְּךָ֖ בִרְכָתֶ֣ךָ סֶּֽלָה׃	Your blessing is on your people. Selah.		Assertive	Declaring that YHWH's people (and not the enemy) are the ones who experience his blessing