Psalm 3/Notes/Grammar.v. 2.306544

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  • The participial phrase translated those rising against me (קָמִים עָלָי) could either be the main verbal predication of the clause ("are rising against me," cf. LXX, Aquila, Symmachus, Jerome [iuxta Hebr.], ESV, NRSV, NET, NEB) or the subject of the clause ("those rising against me," cf. Peshitta, Targum, KJV, NJPS, REB). In context, the focus of the clause appears to be on the vast number of his enemies (cf. v. 2a, 3a): "those rising against me are many." This emphasis is clearer if we interpret קָמִים עָלָי as the subject of the clause, with "many" (רִבִּים) as the fronted predicate complement (see Macrosyntax).