Psalm 23/Speech Act/SpeechTable

Verse	Text (Hebrew)	Text (CBC) The Close-but-clear translation (CBC) exists to provide a window into the Hebrew text according to how we understand its syntax and word-to-phrase-level semantics. It is designed to be "close" to the Hebrew, while still being "clear." Specifically, the CBC encapsulates and reflects the following layers of analysis: grammar, lexical semantics, phrase-level semantics, and verbal semantics. It does not reflect our analysis of the discourse or of poetics. It is not intended to be used as a stand-alone translation or base text, but as a supplement to Layer-by-Layer materials to help users make full use of these resources.	Sentence type	Illocution (general)	Illocution with context	Macro speech act		Intended perlocution (Think)	Intended perlocution (Feel)	Intended perlocution (Do)	Speech Act Notes
1	מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִ֑ד	A psalm by David.	Superscription
	יְהוָ֥ה רֹ֝עִ֗י	YHWH is my shepherd;	Declarative	Assertive	Describing YHWH as his personal shepherd who provides for all of his needs.	Describing YHWH as his shepherd who provides for all of his needs.	Professing confidence in YHWH's presence, provision, and protection.	YHWH will recognize how much David trusts YHWH to be the one who protects him and provides for his needs.	YHWH will feel pleased with David's confident profession and will continue to feel committed to protecting David and providing for all of his needs.	YHWH will continue to protect David and provide for all of his needs.
	לֹ֣א אֶחְסָֽר׃	I will never lack [anything]. Declarative		Assertive	Stating that he never lacks with the implied reason that YHWH is his shepherd.
2	בִּנְא֣וֹת דֶּ֭שֶׁא יַרְבִּיצֵ֑נִי	He makes me lie down in green pastures. Declarative		Assertive	Describing the ways in which YHWH shepherds him; i.e., through leading him to places where he can graze and rest.
	עַל־מֵ֖י מְנֻח֣וֹת יְנַהֲלֵֽנִי׃	He leads me to water where I can rest.	Declarative	Assertive	Describing the ways in which YHWH shepherds him; i.e., YHWH leads him to a place where he can drink water and rest.
3	נַפְשִׁ֥י יְשׁוֹבֵ֑ב	He restores my life. Declarative		Assertive	Describing the effect of the shepherd's provision in his life; i.e., it restores his life.
	יַֽנְחֵ֥נִי בְמַעְגְּלֵי־צֶ֝֗דֶק לְמַ֣עַן שְׁמֽוֹ׃	He leads me in paths of righteousness for the sake of his name.	Declarative	Assertive	Describing the ways in which YHWH shepherds him; i.e., YHWH leads the psalmist to walk in safe paths guiding him to a righteous life.
4	גַּ֤ם כִּֽי־אֵלֵ֨ךְ בְּגֵ֪יא צַלְמָ֡וֶת	Even when I walk in a valley of darkness,	Declarative	Expressive	Expressing his absence of fear even when he may find himself in a dark and dangerous valley because YHWH is with him, providing and protecting him through all dangers.	Professing confidence in YHWH's presence and protection even though dangers threaten.					Even when David may find himself in a dark and dangerous valley, he will not fear harm because YHWH is with him, providing and protecting him through all dangers.
	לֹא־אִ֘ירָ֤א רָ֗ע	I will not fear harm,
	כִּי־אַתָּ֥ה עִמָּדִ֑י	because you are with me.
	שִׁבְטְךָ֥ וּ֝מִשְׁעַנְתֶּ֗ךָ הֵ֣מָּה יְנַֽחֲמֻֽנִי׃	Your rod and your staff, they comfort me.	Declarative	Expressive	Expressing his source of comfort; i.e., YHWH's rod and staff which symbolize YHWH's presence, protection, and guidance.
5	תַּעֲרֹ֬ךְ לְפָנַ֨י ׀ שֻׁלְחָ֗ן נֶ֥גֶד צֹרְרָ֑י	You arrange a table before me in the presence of my adversaries.	Declarative	Assertive	Describing YHWH as his host by depicting gestures of hospitality; i.e., preparation of a feast and protection from enemies.	Professing confidence in YHWH's provision of food and protection (there is an implied custom for the host to provide protection to his guest from all enemies).					• David's adversaries will see YHWH's abundant provision for David. They cannot harm David for he is under YHWH's care.
	דִּשַּׁ֖נְתָּ בַשֶּׁ֥מֶן רֹ֝אשִׁ֗י	You have anointed my head with oil. Declarative		Assertive	Describing YHWH's hospitable treatment of him through the customary anointing of an honored guest.	Professing confidence in being treated honorably by YHWH.
	כּוֹסִ֥י רְוָיָֽה׃	My cup is overflowing. Declarative		Assertive	Acknowledging YHWH's abundant provision in his life.
6	אַ֤ךְ ׀ ט֤וֹב וָחֶ֣סֶד יִ֭רְדְּפוּנִי כָּל־יְמֵ֣י חַיָּ֑י	Surely goodness and loyalty will pursue me all the days of my life, Declarative		Assertive	Professing confidence that YHWH's goodness and loyalty will pursue him all the days of his life.	Professing confidence that YHWH's goodness and loyalty pursue David instead of harm (contrary to the typical sense of "to pursue," which is often used with hostile purpose, with a sense of causing harm).
	*וְשִבְתִּי* בְּבֵית־יְ֝הוָ֗ה לְאֹ֣רֶךְ יָמִֽים׃	and I will dwell in YHWH’s house for as long as I live. Declarative		Assertive	Asserting that he will dwell in YHWH's house for as long as he lives.	Professing confidence that he will experience YHWH's presence and provision for as long as he lives.					2 Sam 7:8-9: "Now, therefore, thus you shall say to my servant David, ‘Thus says the Lord of hosts, I took you from the pasture, from following the sheep, that you should be prince over my people Israel. And I have been with you wherever you went . . ." (ESV).