Psalm 150 Story Behind
Praise him!
Psalm 150
About the Story Behind Layer
The Story Behind the Psalm shows how each part of the psalm fits together into a single coherent whole. Whereas most semantic analysis focuses on discrete parts of a text such as the meaning of a word or phrase, Story Behind the Psalm considers the meaning of larger units of discourse, including the entire psalm.
The goal of this layer is to reconstruct and visualise a mental representation of the text as the earliest hearers/readers might have conceptualised it. We start by identifying the propositional content of each clause in the psalm, and then we identify relevant assumptions implied by each of the propositions. During this process, we also identify and analyse metaphorical language (“imagery”). Finally, we try to see how all of the propositions and assumptions fit together to form a coherent mental representation. The main tool we use for structuring the propositions and assumptions is a story triangle, which visualises the rise and fall of tension within a semantic unit. Although story triangles are traditionally used to analyse stories in the literary sense of the word, we use them at this layer to analyse “stories” in the cognitive sense of the word—i.e., a story as a sequence of propositions and assumptions that has tension.
Summary Triangle
The story triangle below summarises the story of the whole psalm. We use the same colour scheme as in Participant Analysis. The star icon along the edge of the story-triangle indicates the point of the story in which the psalm itself (as a speech event) takes place. We also include a theme at the bottom of the story. The theme is the main message conveyed by the story-behind.
| Story Triangles legend | |
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| Propositional content (verse number) | Propositional content, the base meaning of the clause, is indicated by bold black text. The verse number immediately follows the correlating proposition in black text inside parentheses. |
| Common-ground assumption | Common-ground assumptions[1] are indicated by gray text. |
| Local-ground assumption | Local-ground assumptions[2] are indicated by dark blue text. |
| Playground assumption | Playground assumptions[3] are indicated by light blue text. |
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The point of the story at which the psalm takes place (as a speech event) is indicated by a gray star. |
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If applicable, the point of the story at which the psalm BEGINS to take place (as a speech event) is indicated with a light gray star. A gray arrow will travel from this star to the point at which the psalm ends, indicated by the darker gray star. |
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A story that repeats is indicated by a circular arrow. This indicates a sequence of either habitual or iterative events. |
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A story or event that does not happen or the psalmist does not wish to happen is indicated with a red X over the story triangle. |
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Connections between propositions and/or assumptions are indicated by black arrows with small text indicating how the ideas are connected. |
| Note: In the Summary triangle, highlight color scheme follows the colors of participant analysis. | |
Background ideas
Following are the common-ground assumptionsCommon-ground assumptions include information shared by the speaker and hearers. In our analysis, we mainly use this category for Biblical/Ancient Near Eastern background. which are the most helpful for making sense of the psalm.
- God's "sanctuary" (see v. 1) is his "palace," the place from which he rules.
- The "firmament" (see v. 1) is the "base supporting the throne of YHWH" (Dictionary of Classical Hebrew). Just as the firmament holds back the waters above, so YHWH holds back the forces of chaos, and his reign provides the conditions for peace and prosperity.
- The horn (see v. 3) was blown when a king took the throne (cf. 2 Sam. 15:10; 1 Kgs. 1:34, 39; 2 Kgs. 9:13; Ps. 47:6-10).
- The enthronement of a king, announced by the horn, might be followed by a musical celebration (cf. 1 Kgs. 1:39-40).
- Women would play drums and dance (see v. 4) to celebrate a king's victory in battle (Ex. 15:20-21; 1 Sam. 18:6-7).
Background situation
The background situation is the series of events leading up to the time in which the psalm is spoken. These are taken from the story triangle – whatever lies to the left of the star icon.
Expanded Paraphrase
The expanded paraphrase seeks to capture the implicit information within the text and make it explicit for readers today. It is based on the CBC translation and uses italic text to provide the most salient background information, presuppositions, entailments, and inferences.
| Expanded paraphrase legend | |
|---|---|
| Close but Clear (CBC) translation | The CBC, our close but clear translation of the Hebrew, is represented in bold text. |
| Assumptions | Assumptions which provide background information, presuppositions, entailments, and inferences are represented in italics. |
| Text (Hebrew) | Verse | Expanded Paraphrase |
|---|---|---|
| הַ֥לְלוּ יָ֨הּ׀ הַֽלְלוּ־אֵ֥ל בְּקָדְשׁ֑וֹ הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ בִּרְקִ֥יעַ עֻזּֽוֹ׃ | 1 | Praise Yah the God of Israel. Praise God who is in his sanctuary which is in the heavens. For, he is not just the God of Israel, but the God of the universe. His sanctuary is also his palace, the place from which he rules. He has entered his sanctuary and so has begun to rule over the whole world. Praise him who is in his strong firmament. The firmament is the base that supports YHWH's throne. Just as the firmament covers the earth, so YHWH's rule is universal, and the strength of the firmament means that YHWH's throne is stable and enduring. |
| הַֽלְל֥וּהוּ בִגְבוּרֹתָ֑יו הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ כְּרֹ֣ב גֻּדְלֽוֹ׃ | 2 | YHWH has accomplished mighty feats like the great military exploits of a king. Praise him for his achievements. His achievements have earned him his exceedingly high status. And the high status of a king demands high praise from his subjects. Praise him according to his great greatness. |
| הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ בְּתֵ֣קַע שׁוֹפָ֑ר הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ בְּנֵ֣בֶל וְכִנּֽוֹר׃ | 3 | YHWH has ascended to the throne in his heavenly sanctuary, and a king's reign is announced with the blast of a horn. So, Praise him with the blast of a horn. The enthronement of a king, announced by the horn, might be followed by a great musical celebration. YHWH's enthronement is cause for great celebration, joy and thanksgiving. So, Praise him with lyre and lute. |
| הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ בְתֹ֣ף וּמָח֑וֹל | 4 | People, especially women, play drums and dance to celebrate a king's victory in battle. YHWH has won a great victory. He has conquered all of his enemies. So, Praise him with drum and dance. His triumph is cause for great celebration and joy. So, Praise him with strings and flute. |
| הַֽלְל֥וּהוּ בְצִלְצְלֵי־שָׁ֑מַע הַֽ֝לְל֗וּהוּ בְּֽצִלְצְלֵ֥י תְרוּעָֽה׃ | 5 | Praise him with loud cymbals. Praise him with resounding cymbals. |
| כֹּ֣ל הַ֭נְּשָׁמָה תְּהַלֵּ֥ל יָ֗הּ הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃ | 6 | YHWH has created every living creature. And because YHWH reigns over the universe, his rule extends over every living creature, and every living creature benefits from his rule. Therefore, Let every living creature praise Yah with the very breath which he has given them. Praise Yah. |
Story Triangles
(Click diagram to enlarge)
Assumptions Table
There are currently no Imagery Tables available for this psalm.
Bibliography
Footnotes
- ↑ Common-ground assumptions include information shared by the speaker and hearers. In our analysis, we mainly use this category for Biblical/ANE background - beliefs and practices that were widespread at this time and place. This is the background information necessary for understanding propositions that do not readily make sense to those who are so far removed from the culture in which the proposition was originally expressed.
- ↑ Local-ground assumptions are those propositions which are necessarily true if the text is true. They include both presuppositions and entailments. Presuppositions are those implicit propositions which are assumed to be true by an explicit proposition. Entailments are those propositions which are necessarily true if a proposition is true.
- ↑ Whereas local-ground assumptions are inferences which are necessarily true if the text is true, play-ground assumptions are those inferences which might be true if the text is true.