Poetic Sections

Phonology

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1	Phonology	1	Vowels	How are vowels distributed throughout the poem?	Include additional notes about the feature in the space below the table. How does our analysis change when viewing aleph vs. ayin with the same vowel underneath?	true
1	Phonology	8	Other observations	Any other observations on how sounds are used in this passage?
1	Phonology	3	Sound combinations	What combinations of sounds (including consonants and/or vowels) appear in significant clusters within the poem? How do these clusters intersect with the overall structure of the poem?		true
1	Phonology	2	Consonants	How are consonants distributed throughout the poem?	Use computer analysis to go through each sound. Add option to look at final consonant either alone or as part of primary consonant? Significant exclusively as final in Psalm 1….	true
1	Phonology	6	Patterns in endings	Patterns in end rhyme of lines (or words within lines)?
1	Phonology	5	Patterns in beginnings	Patterns in beginning sounds of lines (or words within lines…may overlap with distribution of consonants/vowels above)?
1	Phonology	7	Similar sounds in adjacent lines	Similar sounds in adjacent lines (internal rhyme, etc. … may also overlap with distribution of consonants/vowels above)?
1	Phonology	4	Infrequent letters or sounds	For letters/sounds (consonants or vowels) that appear relatively infrequently in this passage, how does their rareness in this text correspond with their statistical rareness in the book of Psalms, or in poetic passages, or in the OT as a whole

Lexical Semantics

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2	Lexical Semantics	7	Rare words	Which rare words (defined as fewer than 50 occurrences) appear? Consider commenting on factors that may affect the rarity of the word, as far as we know (e.g., does the language already have a number of synonyms for the concept? does this word only appear in poetic contexts? Is the word an unlikely topic for sacred texts, and therefore possibly rare?)		true
2	Lexical Semantics	5	Common word pairs	Which common word pairs or sequences appear (whether together or slightly separated, like “foot” and “hand” in Ps 121)?		true
2	Lexical Semantics	9	Other	Any other observations regarding lexical semantics in this passage?
2	Lexical Semantics	4	Repeated words	Which exact words, phrases, or word roots are repeated?		true
2	Lexical Semantics	2	References to God	Analysis of references to God (appearance of one of these lexemes or variations thereof: יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים אֱלוֹהָי אֲדֹנָי אֵל ; should we also include suffixes and other pronominal references?)		true
2	Lexical Semantics	1	Difficult Words	What words do you anticipate causing difficulty for translators in this passage? Please provide insights that may assist others in making translation decisions.	(Note: For idioms and other figures of speech, please see separate section.)
2	Lexical Semantics	3	Tetragrammaton	To what extent does the tetragrammaton seem to function the same or differently from the appearance of other references to God? (For the Psalms that don’t include the tetragrammaton, can we still come to any tentative conclusions of which entries would have been the tetragrammaton, based on where other divine names appear? cf. especially Psalms 14 and 53.)
2	Lexical Semantics	8	Borrowed rare words	Which of the rare words (if any) appear to be borrowed (such as bar at the end of Psalm 2)?
2	Lexical Semantics	6	Semantically/thematically related words	Which other semantically/thematically related words appear in this passage?		true

Verbs

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3	Verbs	3	Paragogic letters	Incidence of paragogic nun or he (Robar p. 180)		true
3	Verbs	5	Verb stem types (binyanim)	Distribution of verb stem types (binyanim)		true
3	Verbs	6	Other	Any other verb-related observations for this passage?
3	Verbs	4	Long wayyiqtol	Incidence of long wayyiqtol		true
3	Verbs	1	Verb forms	Distribution of verb form (tense-aspect-modality)		true
3	Verbs	2	Person, gender and number	Distribution of verb by person, gender, and/or number.		true

Nouns

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4	Nouns	7	Addressee change	At what points in the passage does the addressee change (self, God, evil men, community, other, or ambiguous)—and how do those changes intersect with the overall structure of the poem?		true
4	Nouns	10	Scene change	At what points in the passage does the scene/location change?
4	Nouns	6	Possessives	Distribution of possessives (whether by suffix, yesh, or -ל)		true
4	Nouns	1	Number	How are nouns distributed by number?		true
4	Nouns	8	Speaker change	At what points in the passage does the speaker change (I vs. we vs. ambiguous)—and how do those changes intersect with the overall structure of the poem?		true
4	Nouns	2	Gender	How are nouns distributed by gender?		true
4	Nouns	9	Subject change	At what points in the passage does the subject (agent) of the sentence change? Other semantic roles (like patient) that change? (Question: Worth an RRG or semantic/Kroeger-style analysis?)		true
4	Nouns	5	Suffixes as objects	Distribution of suffixes as objects		true
4	Nouns	3	Definiteness	How are nouns distributed by definiteness?		true
4	Nouns	4	Pronominal suffixes	What pronominal suffixes appear in the passage? (May be on nouns or on infinitives.) Use one line in the table for each individual suffix, then comment on the distribution of all suffixes collectively throughout the passage.		true

Particles

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5	Particles	7	Other	Any other observations on how particles are used in this passage?
5	Particles	1	Negative markers	Distribution of negative markers (לֹֽא אַל אֵין בַּל לְבִלְתִּי)
5	Particles	3	Prepositions	Distribution of prepositions, both independent and word bound (cf. beg/end use of בַּ in Psalm 13)
5	Particles	2	Independent personal pronouns	Distribution of independent personal pronouns
5	Particles	5	Other particles	Distribution of other particles (אַךְ הֵן הִנֵּה גַּם כֵּן כִּי עַתָּה פֶּן לְמַעַן אִם לוּ\לוּלֵא, etc)—what thoughts might similar particles be connecting?
5	Particles	6	Content vs non-content	Any indication that content vs. non-content words are distributed in a way that supports the structure of the poem as a whole?
5	Particles	4	Waw/Vav	Distribution of vav

Figurative

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6	Figurative	7	Anthropomorphism	Anthropomorphism (God has eyes)
6	Figurative	4	Synecdoche	Synecdoche (part for whole: Jerusalem for inhabitants of)
6	Figurative	12	Rhetorical questions	Rhetorical questions
6	Figurative	11	Sarcasm, irony	Sarcasm, irony (verbal, intratextual, intertextual), etc.
6	Figurative	13	Idioms	Idioms (distinguish between fossilized vs. still idiomatic)
6	Figurative	5	Merism	Merism (outer limits for whole: Dan to Beersheba)
6	Figurative	6	Personification	Personification (abstract concepts do things, cf. righteousness in Psalm 85)
6	Figurative	3	Metonymy	Metonymy (association: sword=war)
6	Figurative	8	Apostrophe	Apostrophe (direct address to inanimate object or absent person)
6	Figurative	10	Hyperbole	Hyperbole
6	Figurative	2	Simile	Simile
6	Figurative	1	Metaphor	Metaphor
6	Figurative	9	Euphemism	Euphemism

Context

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7	Context	5	Implicit information	What information is left implicit in the original text that may need to be made explicit in translations?
7	Context	7	Alluded to in NT	Which parts of this psalm, if any, are quoted directly or seemingly alluded to by NT authors? (How highly linguistically marked are the words or lines referenced? Cf. the middle verses from Psalm 8 or the “cornerstone” verse from Psalm 118.)
7	Context	8	Other	Anything else that should be included regarding the broader context of this psalm?
7	Context	3	Historical background	What historical background information do we have from the psalm or elsewhere in Scripture about the context of this psalm?
7	Context	6	Reference/allusions	Incidence of broad reference/allusions (words/phrases pointing to other places in the OT, especially first 5 books, cf. Turner 2017)?
7	Context	2	Figures of Speech	Do figures of speech collectively seem to be involved in defining the overall structure of the poem?
7	Context	4	Cultural background	What cultural background information would assist readers in understanding this psalm?
7	Context	1	Translation advice	What translation advice would you offer for specific figures of speech identified above?

Mathematical

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8	Mathematical	11	Middle word (maqqef)	What's the middle word if words are considered units connected with maqqef [high hyphen] and how (if at all) does that middle word intersect with other features analyzed and/or the overall structure of the poem?
8	Mathematical	5	Selah	Where does “selah” appear?
8	Mathematical	13	Middle line	Based on your division of lines, what is the middle line and how does it intersect with the other features and overall structure of the poem? (Or is there another line with higher marking in terms of poetic features?)
8	Mathematical	8	Chiasms	What chiasms do you observe on the clause/colon level in this poem (anything within a monocolon, bicolon, tricolon, or tetracolon)?
8	Mathematical	12	Middle word (independent lexemes)	What’s the middle word if all lexemes are considered independent units and how (if at all) does it intersect with other features analyzed and/or the overall structure/theme of the poem?
8	Mathematical	7	Elision	Where does elided information appear?
8	Mathematical	10	Lunn on Word order	Lunn’s work on word order, with commentary
8	Mathematical	2	Alternative prosody and syllable counts	Do you have commentary/alternate proposed suggestions regarding Fokkelman’s syllable counts?
8	Mathematical	1	Fokkelman's prosody and syllable counts	Fokkelman’s work on prosody and syllable counts
8	Mathematical	9	Word order	Comment on any unusual, repetitive, or otherwise marked word order
8	Mathematical	3	Cola distribution	How would we propose distributing cola (monocolons, bicolons, tricolons, and tetracolons) in this psalm? Please explain any decisions that might have alternate options.
8	Mathematical	4	Classifying parallelisms	How would we propose classifying parallelisms in this psalm? How does the distribution of different types of parallelism intersect with the overall structure of the poem?
8	Mathematical	6	Quotations / direct speech	Where do quotations/direct speech appear?

Variants

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9	Variants	2	Likely solutions	How does our analysis of the above features inform likely solutions to these questions?
9	Variants	1	Kinds of variants	What kinds of variants appear in texts for this psalm?

Summary

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99	Summary	3	Communicative function	What is the communicative function of the poem as a whole? Of each of the sections you’ve identified?
99	Summary	14	Outline or visual representation	What outline or visual representation would you suggest for this text? (You can write things out as text and/or upload a .jpg picture file if you’d like.)
99	Summary	7	Feature clustering	Where, if at all, do you notice multiple special features clustering in the poem?
99	Summary	4	Range of emotions	What is the range of possible emotions that might be behind the poem? Please explain how these emotions change at different points or for different sections throughout the poem.
99	Summary	6	Discontinuity & boundaries	What features give discontinuity, marking boundaries? (What changes happen between sections of the text)?
99	Summary	10	Main message	What would you consider the main message of the text, the primary thought an audience should take away from it?
99	Summary	9	Prominence	Based on your analysis, what would you consider the most prominent line(s) and/or section(s) in the text?
99	Summary	12	Large-scale structures	What large-scale structure(s) do you see in this text? (Chiastic of the whole poem or of sections of any size (ABCB'A')? Far parallelism (ABA'B')? Other?)
99	Summary	1	Line divisions	What are your proposed line divisions for this text? (If we provide a pre-generated version from Fokkelman, Wendland, the computer, etc.: Which differences would you propose from the already provided version?) Provide explanations for divisions that might be debated.
99	Summary	5	Cohesion	What features provide cohesion to the text (either as a whole, or within sections)?
99	Summary	11	Connections between sections	What connections are made poetically, semantically, grammatically, or emotionally between specific lines or sections in the text? (Which lines/sections are marked by similar features?)
99	Summary	13	Translation	Taking all of the above information into consideration, what is your proposed (formal or dynamic) translation for this psalm into one of your primary languages?
99	Summary	8	Absence of special features	Where, if at all, do you notice the absence of special features?
99	Summary	2	Section divisions	What are your proposed section divisions for the text? Provide explanations for divisions that might be debated.