PEOPLE ARE PLANTS/Instances
From Psalms: Layer by Layer
Instances
| Reference | Source Element (Hebrew) | Source Element (Gloss) | Source Element (English) | Target Element (Hebrew) | Target Element (English) | Notes | Parent reference | Prominence | Tags |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psalm 1:3 | כְּעֵץ֮ | like-tree | like a tree | הָאִ֗ישׁ | the man | explicit simile | 4 | plant
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| Psalm 1:3 | שָׁת֪וּל עַֽל־פַּלְגֵ֫י מָ֥יִם | being.planted on-channels.of waters | planted by streams of water | (unexpressed) | is supplied with what he needs | Within context, the irrigation likely maps to Torah as what enables flourishing. | Psalm 1:3 | 4 | planting
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| Psalm 1:3 | פִּרְי֨וֹ | its.fruit | fruit | (unexpressed) | Provision for those under the care of “the man” | Psalm 1:3 | 4 | fruit/seed
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| Psalm 1:3 | פִּרְי֨וֹ׀ יִתֵּ֬ן | its.fruit it.gives | it yields fruit | (unexpressed) | does well, succeeds, is of benefit to others | יִתֵּ֬ן is not metaphoric itself, but when it takes פִּרְי֨וֹ as its object, the VP as a whole seems metaphoric ('yield fruit') | Psalm 1:3 | 4 | fruit/seed
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| Psalm 1:3 | בְּעִתּ֗וֹ | in.its.time | in season | (unexpressed) | as/when expected | within the metaphor, עֵת 'time' is interpreted as 'season' | Psalm 1:3 | 4 |
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| Psalm 1:3 | וְעָלֵ֥הוּ לֹֽא־יִבּ֑וֹל | and.its.leaf does.not wither | and its leaf does not wither | (unexpressed) | endures, thrives | Psalm 1:3 | 4 | wither
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| Psalm 1:4 | מֹּ֗ץ | chaff | chaff | הָרְשָׁעִ֑ים | the wicked | explicit simile | 4 | plants
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| Psalm 1:4 | תִּדְּפֶ֥נּוּ רֽוּחַ | It.scatters wind | the wind blows away | (unexpressed) | is not preserved | Psalm 1:4 | 4 |
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| Psalm 102:12 | (unexpressed) | grass | (unexpressed) | days | Pair of images that express fleeting strength, waning hope. | plants
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| Psalm 102:12 | כָּעֵ֥שֶׂב | like-grass | (unexpressed) | 1sg | My days are like an evening shadow. I wither away like grass. | plants
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| Psalm 102:12 | אִיבָֽשׁ׃ | wither away | wither away | (unexpressed) | lose strength and vitality | Evening shadow brings out the ephemeral nature of the withering | wither
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| Psalm 102:5 | (unexpressed) | Like-grass is.stricken | (unexpressed) | My heart [is stricken] | Verb is ellided where “my heart” is the argument | wither
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| Psalm 102:5 | כָ֭עֵשֶׂב | like-grass | Like grass | לִבִּ֑י | my heart | “My heart is struck down like grass and has withered” Not sure how to do the verb part | Psalm 102:5 | plants
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| Psalm 102:5 | הוּכָּֽה־ | is stricken | is struck down | (unexpressed) | Note this verb is not lexically specific to the plant domain (usually for striking/killing people) | Psalm 102:5 | wither
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| Psalm 102:5 | וַיִּבַ֣שׁ | and-3ms.withered | has withered | (unexpressed) | Psalm 102:5 | wither
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| Psalm 102:5 | הוּכָּֽה־כָ֭עֵשֶׂב וַיִּבַ֣שׁ לִבִּ֑י | (unexpressed) | “My heart is struck down like grass and has withered” | Psalm 102:5 |
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| Psalm 102:5 | (unexpressed) | grass | (unexpressed) | heart | “My heart is struck down like grass and has withered” | Psalm 102:5 |
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| Psalm 103:15 | כֶּחָצִ֣יר | like-grass | like grass | יָמָ֑יו | (man) his days |
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| Psalm 103:15 | כְּצִ֥יץ הַ֝שָּׂדֶ֗ה | like-flower of the field | like a flower of the field | (unexpressed) | 3ms (man) | “He flourishes like a flower of the field” | plants
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| Psalm 103:15 | יָצִֽיץ׃ | 3ms.flourishes | he flourishes | (unexpressed) | thriving is short-lived? | flourish
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| Psalm 112:2 | זֶ֫רַע | seed | (unexpressed) | Descendants (of the righteous man) | “Seed” in the sense of offspring, descendants is a recognized secondary sense of this BH term. It depends on the conceptual metaphor People are Plants. As a sec. sense, it is extremely conventional. [Pohlig]. | fruit/seed
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| Psalm 128:3 | כְּגֶ֥פֶן פֹּרִיָּה֮ | A fruitful vine | same | אֶשְׁתְּךָֽ | Your wife | Said to and about all who honor YHWH | plants
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| Psalm 128:3 | כִּשְׁתִלֵ֣י זֵיתִ֑ים | Young olive tree shoots | same | בָּ֭נֶיךָ | Your children | plants
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| Psalm 129:6-7 | כַּחֲצִ֣יר גַּגֹּ֑ות שֶׁקַּדְמַ֖ת שָׁלַ֣ף יָבֵֽשׁ | Like the grass of the roof (that) the east wind withers | same | כֹּ֝֗ל שֹׂנְאֵ֥י צִיֹּֽון | All the haters of Zion | The grass that naturally grows on earthen rooftops will wither quickly under the hot sun | plants; wither; threat
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| Psalm 129:6-7 | שֶׁלֹּ֤א מִלֵּ֖א כַפֹּ֥ו קֹוצֵ֗ר | No reaper fills his hand | (unexpressed) | No good comes from the haters of Zion | wither; gardener
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| Psalm 129:6-7 | וְחִצְנֹ֥ו מְעַמֵּֽר | One who binds sheaves and carries them in his breast. | One who bind sheaves and carries them in the folds of his garment at his chest. | (unexpressed) | No good comes from the haters of Zion | wither; gardener
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| Psalm 144:12 | בָּנֵ֨ינוּ כִּנְטִעִים֮ מְגֻדָּלִ֪ים בִּֽנְעוּרֵ֫יהֶ֥ם | plants brought up from their youth | (unexpressed) | “Our sons”--a sign of blessing from YHWH | plants
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| Psalm 21:11 | פִּרְיָמוֹ | their.fruit | their descendants | (unexpressed) | their offspring, children, descendants | Is this really “prosperity” with children as one (key) component? | 1 | fruit/seed
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| Psalm 21:11 | וְזַרְעָם | their.seed | their offspring | (unexpressed) | descendants, children | 1 | fruit/seed
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| Psalm 35:5 | כְּמֹ֥ץ | like.chaff | like chaff | רֹדְפָ֑י | My pursuers (v. 3) | Psalm 35:5 | 3 | plants
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| Psalm 35:5 | לִפְנֵי־ר֑וּחַ | before-wind | Before the wind | וּמַלְאַ֥ךְ יְ֝הוָ֗ה | Angel of YHWH | Note that this CM PEOPLE ARE PLANTS implicitly interacts with another CM, something like THE WIND IS IMPERMANENCE, which, in my humble view, is associated with THE WIND as a very common cultural model of impermanence. | Psalm 35:5 | 3 | threat
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| Psalm 35:5 | כְּמֹ֥ץ לִפְנֵי־ר֑וּחַ | Like.chaff before-wind | (May they be like) chaff before the wind, (the angel of YHWH driving [them away].) | (unexpressed) | A malediction of impermanence and destruction laid upon the psalmist’s enemies " | A (likely conventional) simile introducing a metaphor based on the same CM: enemies are chaff, the angel is to drive them away.
Driving them away on the wind is understood, because that’s how grain is winnowed." |
3 |
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| Psalm 37:2 | כֶ֭חָצִיר | like.grass | Like the grass | בַּמְּרֵעִ֑ים
בַּמְּרֵעִ֑ים |
evildoers,
wrongdoers (v. 1) |
Psalm 37:2 | 3 | plants
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| Psalm 37:2 | יִמָּ֑לוּ | they.wither | They will fade | (unexpressed) | [not flourish] | Opposite of flourishing | Psalm 37:2 | 3 | wither
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| Psalm 37:2 | .וּכְיֶ֥רֶק דֶּ֝֗שֶׁא | And.like.green grass | Like the green herb | (unexpressed) | evildoers,
wrongdoers (v. 1) |
Psalm 37:2 | 3 | plants
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| Psalm 37:2 | יִבֹּולֽוּן | they.droop | [they will] wither | (unexpressed) | [not flourish] | Psalm 37:2 | 3 | wither
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| Psalm 37:2 | כֶ֭חָצִיר מְהֵרָ֣ה יִמָּ֑לוּ
.וּכְיֶ֥רֶק דֶּ֝֗שֶׁא יִבֹּולֽוּן |
Like.grass quickly they.wither
And.like.green herb they.droop |
Will fade like the grass, wither like green plants | (unexpressed) | The wicked | Premetaphorized simile | 3 |
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| Psalm 37:35 | כְּאֶזְרָ֥ח רַעֲנָֽן׃ | Like.native luxuriant | Like a luxuriant tree | רָשָׁ֣ע | Wicked man | Never used elsewhere for tree in the Bible (אזרח). Assumed to mean native “tree” from רענן.
Native tree as opposed to transplanted tree (cf. Psalm 1)? Or wild tree vs cultivated tree? |
Psalm 37:35 | 2 | plants
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| Psalm 37:35 | וּמִתְעָרֶ֗ה | And.spreading.himself | Spreading himself out | (unexpressed) | Immodestly flaunting [prosperity, success] | Only other instance in Lam 4:21, “shamelessly exposing oneself” | Psalm 37:35 | 2 | flourish
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| Psalm 37:35 | וּמִתְעָרֶ֗ה כְּאֶזְרָ֥ח רַעֲנָֽן׃ | And.spreading.himself like.native luxuriant | Spreading himself out (?) like a luxuriant tree (cedar?) | (unexpressed) | Metaphorized simile, if this sense of וּ֝מִתְעָרֶ֗ה is accepted. It’s a difficult passage. | 2 |
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| Psalm 44:3 | וַתִּטָּעֵ֑ם | You planted them | You planted them (in the land) (our Israelite ancestors) | God settled them in the land | God settled them in the land | נָטַע ‘to plant’ (of trees or vines); fig. use of peoples, shows up as secondary sense in lexica. I.e., this CM is incorporated into the lexical treatment of.this verb. | 1 | gardener; planting; plants
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| Psalm 44:3 | וַֽתְּשַׁלְּחֵֽם | You spread them out | You made them spread out, like growing trees. | (unexpressed) | You made them flourish like trees. You multiplied them in the land and made them take control of it. " | Two instantiations in the verse of the same CM.
See Psalm 80:8-13, 15-16 (?) for more examples." |
gardener; flourish
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| Psalm 52:10 | כְּזַ֣יִת רַ֭עֲנָן | luxuriant olive.tree | (unexpressed) | Misleading English translation ‘in the house of YHWH’, tho. This suggests an olive tree in the structure of the Temple itself, whereas it’s really in the Temple precincts, the Temple gardens. | plants
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| Psalm 52:7 | וְשֵֽׁרֶשְׁךָ֨ | uproot.3ms.pf+2ms | He will uproot you (from the land of the living) | (unexpressed) | God will permanently remove the wicked | 1 | uproot; gardener
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| Psalm 52:7 | (unexpressed) | 2ms suffix | Plant with roots | הַגִּבּ֑וֹר | The mighty man (v.3) | Although v.7 only has the verb with attached pronouns, I’ve also included the mapped elements for the subject and object that are invoked by this metaphor | 1 | plants
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| Psalm 52:7 | (unexpressed) | 3ms.subject | Uprooter (gardener?) | אֵל֮ | God | 1 | gardener
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| Psalm 58:10 | בְּטֶ֤רֶם יָבִ֣ינוּ סִּֽירֹתֵיכֶ֣ם אָטָ֑ד כְּמֹו־חַ֥י כְּמֹו־חָ֝רֹ֗ון יִשְׂעָרֶֽנּוּ | (unexpressed) | All commentators acknowledge this to be a very difficult line. Ross translates, “Before your pots can feel the fire of thorns, both green and burning, they shall be whirled away.”
There is a possible allusion here to imaging the wicked as thorns. This is why I have cited this line. Prominence is set to 1, assuming the sense of ‘before their thorns ripen in bramble’ (Alter). |
1 |
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| Psalm 62:11 | יָנוּב | Bear fruit | increase | חַיִל | Riches that increase | Riches bear fruit: riches increase, same word is also used in Psalm 92:15, same word also occurs in Proverbs 10:31, and Zec 9:17 | flourish
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| Psalm 72:16 | וְיָצִ֥יצוּ מֵ֝עִ֗יר | May.they.blossom from.city | May they blossom forth from the cities | (unexpressed) | May [people] blossom forth from the cit[ies] like the grass of the land. | The verb צוּץ (BDB) ציץ (HALOT) denotes ‘blossom’, then ‘shine, sparkle, gleam’. It is not simply the case that this verb has these different senses, for these different notions overlap regardless of the specific verb used. | 2 | flourish
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| Psalm 72:7 | יִֽפְרַח־בְּיָמָ֥יו צַדִּ֑יק | 3ms.will-sprout in-his-days righteous-one | will sprout/flourish | (unexpressed) | prosper | A common metaphor for a person or a nation to prosper, in this case, the king. HALOT prefers to view all such collocations as expressing metaphor instead of as lexical secondary senses. I should also note the resemblance of פרח ‘sprout’ to פָּרָה ‘blossom’. These are different verbs, but one can allude to the other. Moreover, there is heavy semantic overlap of the BH notion of sprouting and blossoming with the notion of joy (see Malul 2002:150 ftnt 98). | 1 | flourish
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| Psalm 80:9-17 | (unexpressed) | vine | (unexpressed) | Israel | 4 | plants
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| Psalm 80:10 | וַתַּשְׁרֵ֥שׁ שָׁ֝רָשֶׁ֗יהָ | she.took.root | took deep root | (unexpressed) | became established | conquered territory | Psalm 80:10 | 4 | flourish
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| Psalm 80:10 | אָֽרֶץ | land | land | (unexpressed) | territory | Psalm 80:10 | 4 | location
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| Psalm 80:10 | פִּנִּ֥יתָ לְפָנֶ֑יהָ | turn | cleared (the ground) | (unexpressed) | cleared (Canaan) | Psalm 80:10 | 4 | gardener; planting; location
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| Psalm 80:10 | וַתְּמַלֵּא־אָֽרֶץ | she.filled-the.land | (vine) filled the land | (unexpressed) | (Israel) conquered, became established | Psalm 80:10 | 4 | flourish
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| Psalm 80:11 | וַעֲנָפֶ֗יהָ | her.branches | branches | (unexpressed) | expansion | Psalm 80:11 | 4 | flourish
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| Psalm 80:11 | צִלָּ֑הּ | her.shadow | shade | (unexpressed) | protection, dominion | possibly hyperbolic | Psalm 80:11 | 4 |
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| Psalm 80:12 | יֽוֹנְקוֹתֶֽיהָ | Her.branches/shoots | shoots | (unexpressed) | expansion | Psalm 80:12 | 4 |
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| Psalm 80:13 | גְדֵרֶ֑יהָ | her.walls | walls (of vineyard) | (unexpressed) | borders, defenses (of Israel) | Psalm 80:13 | 4 |
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| Psalm 80:13 | וְאָר֗וּהָ | and.they.gather.her | to pick (grapes) | (unexpressed) | to plunder (the prosperity) | Psalm 80:13 | 4 |
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| Psalm 80:14 | חֲזִ֣יר | pig | boars (who destroy vineyards) | (unexpressed) | enemies (of Israel) | Psalm 80:14 | 4 |
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| Psalm 80:14 | זִ֖יז | moving.thing | insects (who destroy vineyards) | (unexpressed) | enemies (of Israel) | Psalm 80:14 | 4 |
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| Psalm 80:16 | כַנָּה | stock | root | (unexpressed) | Israel | Psalm 80:16 | 4 |
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| Psalm 80:17 | passive fs verb | cut down | (vine) is cut down | (unexpressed) | (Israel) is punished, defeated | Psalm 80:17 | 4 |
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| Psalm 80:17 | passive fs verb | burn | (vine) is burned | (unexpressed) | (Israel) is punished, defeated | Psalm 80:17 | 4 |
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| Psalm 80:9 | 2ms verbal affix | Gardener | (unexpressed) | God |
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| Psalm 80:9 | וַתִּטָּעֶֽהָ | you.planted | planted | (unexpressed) | moved | the exodus |
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| Psalm 80:9, 15 | גֶּ֭פֶן | vine | vine | (unexpressed) | Israel |
",15" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 9.
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| Psalm 89:5, 30, 37 | זֶ֫רַע | seed | (unexpressed) | Descendants (of the king) | “Seed” in the sense of offspring, descendants is a recognized secondary sense of this BH term. It depends on the conceptual metaphor People are Plants. As a sec. sense, it is extremely conventional. [Pohlig]. | 1 |
",30,37" can not be assigned to a declared number type with value 5.
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| Psalm 9:7 | נָתַ֑שְׁתָּ | uproot.2sg.pf | you have uprooted | (unexpressed) | you have obliterated | 1 |
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| Psalm 90:5-6 | חָצִיר | grass | grass | (unexpressed) | Mankind is swept away by God as easily and quickly as is grass. | V. 6 continues to elaborate on the transitoriness of the grass. | 4 |
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| Psalm 92:13-15 | (unexpressed) | vine | (unexpressed) | Israel | 4 |
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| Psalm 92:13 Parent=Psalm 92:13-15 | כַּתָּמָ֣ר | palm tree | palm tree | צַ֭דִּיק | righteous | 4 |
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| Psalm 92:13 | יִפְרָ֑ח | he.bud | sprout | (unexpressed) | become productive | when used of palm trees, focus may be on productive nature | 4 |
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| Psalm 92:13 | כְּאֶ֖רֶז בַּלְּבָנ֣וֹן | cedar in Lebanon | cedar of Lebanon | 3ms verbal affix | righteous | lit. "cedar in Lebanon" | 4 |
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| Psalm 92:13 | יִשְׂגֶּֽה | he.increase | grow | (unexpressed) | become established, strong | 4 |
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| Psalm 92:14 | שְׁ֭תוּלִים בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה | plants in the house of YHWH | planted in the house of the LORD | צַ֭דִּיק | righteous | means the whole compound, not just the building | 4 |
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| Psalm 92:14 | יַפְרִֽיחוּ | they.bud | flourish | (unexpressed) | succeed, prosper, be full of life | 4 |
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| Psalm 92:14 | ... שְׁתוּלִים ... בְּחַצְר֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣ינוּ | (planted) in the courts of our God | (planted) in the courts of our God | צַ֭דִּיק | righteous | confirms the plants are not planted in the building | 4 |
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| Psalm 92:15 | יְנוּב֣וּן | they.bear.fruit | bear fruit | (unexpressed) | live well | "even when they're old" | 4 |
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| Psalm 92:15 | דְּשֵׁנִ֖ים | fat.pl | full of sap | (unexpressed) | be healthy |
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| Psalm 92:15 | וְרַֽעֲנַנִּ֣ים | green.pl | green | (unexpressed) | be healthy |
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| Psalm 92:7 | עֵ֗שֶׂב | grass | grass | (unexpressed) | wicked | 2 |
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| Psalm 92:7 | בִּפְרֹ֤חַ | bud | sprout | (unexpressed) | multiply, become profuse, powerful, influential, successful | pre-metaphorized simile? | 1 |
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| Psalm 92:7 | (unexpressed) | plant | פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן | evildoers | 1 |
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| Psalm 92:7 | וַיָּצִיצוּ | they.blossom | flourish | (unexpressed) | succeed, prosper | 1 |
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| Psalm 92:7 | לְהִשָּֽׁמְדָ֥ם | destroy | destroyed (like a plant) | (unexpressed) | destroyed (like a person) | likely burning, for the plant | 1 |
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