Key to CTAT

Key

Abbreviations

Witnesses

• MT = Masoretic Text
  • MTK = Masoretic Text Kethiv
  • MTQ = Masoretic Text Qere
• G = Old Greek (Septuagint)
  • g = secondary tradition of LXX
• S = Syriac Peshitta
  • s = secondary tradition of Peshitta
• T = Aramaic Targum
  • t = secondary tradition of Targum
• V = Latin Vulgate
  • v = secondary tradition of Vulgate
• Syh = Syro-Hexapla
• α' = Aquila
• σ' = Symmachus
• θ' = Theodotion
• ε = πέμπτη ἔκδοσος (Hexapla fifth column)
• ς =
• ο = οἱ Ἑβδομήκοντα (Hexapla LXX)
• εβρ = τὸ ἑβραϊκόν or ὁ ἑβραῖος (Hexapla Hebrew)
• λοιπ = οἱ λοιποί (Hexapla "the others")
• αλλ = ἄλλος
• Gal = Gallican Psalter
• Hebr = Psalmi iuxta Hebraeos, Jerome’s Latin version of the Hebrew text of the Psalms
• Hev =
• Hier = Hieronymous (a.k.a. Jerome)
• mm = masora magna
• mp = masora parva
• Qa =
• Qc =
• Qd
• Qe =
• 4QPs^q =
• 11QPs^a = Qumran cave 11 first Psalms scroll
• 11QPs^b = Qumran cave 11 second Psalms scroll
• 11QPs^c = Qumran cave 11 third Psalms scroll

Notes

• abr = abreviation ("abbreviation")
• abst = abstention ("abstention")
• ampl = amplification
• anon =
• assim = assimilation ("assimilation')
  • assim-ctext = assimilation to the context
  • assim-graph = assimilation to a similar form
  • assim-int = assimilation which took place within the textual tradition represented by the witness in question
  • assim-par = assimilation to a parallel passage
  • assim-synt = assimilation to a certain syntactic construction
  • assim-usu = assimilation to a more usual form
• asson = assonance ("assonance")
• bas = supra
• bis =
• clav = clavis ("key")
• confl = conflatio ("conflation")
• constr = attempted correction of a corrupted text by copyist or translator ("construction")
• cor = reading chosen by the committee differs from Leningrad Codex qere
• dbl = doublet
• def-int = déformation interne ("internal deformation")
• dissim = attempted correction of perceived assimilation by the copyist or translator ("dissimilation")
• dittogr = dittography
• elus = infra
• emph = emphase ("emphasis")
• err = erreur ("error")
  • err-aud = error of hearing
  • err-divis = error of division
  • err-graph = error of writing
  • err-ponct = error of punctuation
  • err-transcr = error of transcription
  • err-voc = error of vocalization
• eupem = euphémisme ("euphemism")
• exeg = exegese ("exegesis")
• expl = explicitation ("specification")
• facil = facilitation ("facilitation/simplification")
  • facil-style = stylistique ("stylistic")
  • facil-sym = symetrisation ("symmetrization")
  • facil-synt = syntaxique ("syntactic")
  • facil-use = usuel ("usual")
  • voc = vocalique ("vowels/vocalization")
• harm = harmonisation ("harmonization")
• hom = homeoteleuton or homeoarcton
  • homtel = homeoteleuton
  • homarc = homeoarcon
• homon = homonyme ("homonym")
• glos = glose ("gloss")
• ign = ignorance ("ignorance")
  • ign-cult = ignorance of ancient worship
  • ign-exeg = ignorance of exegessis
  • ign-geog = ignorance of geography
  • ign-gram = ignorance of a grammatical construction
  • ign-jud = legal ignorance
  • ign-lex = ignorance of a lexical item
  • ign-real = ignorance of realia (culture-specific elements and expressions)
  • ign-synt = ignorance of a syntactic construction
• incert = incertain ("uncertain")
• interv = interversion ("inversion")
• lacun = lacuna
• lic = licence ("license/freedom")
• lit = litteraire ("literary")
• méta = métathèse ("metathesis")
• midr = midrash
• modern = modernisation ("modernization")
• mutil =
• paraph = paraphrase
• perm = permutation
• praem =
• spont = spontane ("spontaneous")
• theol = théologique ("theological")
• transf = transfere ("transferred")
• trans = translationnel ("translational")

Symbols

• { } = A braced letter marks the preferred reading. The letter within the braces indicates the committee's degree of certainty as to the reading's probability
  • {A} = highly probable
  • {B} = highly probable with a certain margin of doubt
  • {C} = probable with a considerable margin of doubt
  • {D} = probable but very uncertain
• // = separate the preferred reading from other dependent readings.
• –> = indicates that one reading derives from another
• * = first hand of a witness
• (?) = questionable as to whether the reading gives the authentic text of the witness
• ? = questionable as to whether this witness should appear in this function in the apparatus
• 1,2,3 = when attached to a witness, the numerals number the various elements of a doublet
• 1°,2°,3° =

About CTAT

"This work addresses the main problems that the traditional Hebrew text of the Psalms poses for translators, problems that have confronted translators of the most influen- tial English, French and German editions of the Bible over the past half-century. It presents and develops the results of a ten-year effort (1970-79) conducted by an international and interdenominational committee of specialists in Old Testament textual criticism. This volume is the fourth in a five-volume series."